University of Bihać

Inflammation-driven mechanisms play a central role in adverse outcomes after non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), yet simple, widely available biomarkers for early risk stratification remain insufficiently defined. Hemogram-derived indices and iron-related inflammatory markers may provide complementary prognostic information. To evaluate the prognostic significance of the mean platelet volume-to-monocyte ratio (MMR) and serum ferritin in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with NSTEMI, and to assess the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy with clinical outcomes. This prospective cohort study included 170 consecutive NSTEMI patients admitted to the University Clinical Center Tuzla between February 2022 and January 2023. All patients received dual antiplatelet therapy and high-intensity statins. The baseline evaluation included a complete blood count, serum ferritin, and C-reactive protein. MMR was calculated as the ratio of mean platelet volume to absolute monocyte count. Patients were followed for 12 months for the occurrence of MACE, defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. During follow-up, 103 patients (60.6%) experienced MACE. Admission MMR (18.1 ± 11.7 vs 13.2 ± 5.5; P = 0.003) and ferritin levels (284 ± 396 vs 152 ± 109 µg/L; P = 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with events. In multivariable analysis, both MMR (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.11; P = 0.008) and ferritin (OR 1.28 per 100 µg/L, 95% CI 1.10-1.55; P = 0.003) independently predicted MACE, while ACE inhibitor therapy was associated with a lower risk (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.70; P = 0.01). The combined model demonstrated good discriminative performance (AUC 0.72; 95% CI 0.64-0.80). Elevated admission MMR and ferritin were independently associated with a higher 1-year risk of MACE in patients with NSTEMI. ACE inhibitor therapy was associated with improved outcomes, although causality cannot be inferred. These findings suggest that readily available inflammatory biomarkers may complement established clinical parameters for early risk stratification and support continued guideline-directed pharmacotherapy in NSTEMI.

Adverse events, particularly falls and medication errors, remain a significant challenge in elderly patient care at home. The Peer to Peer Safety Companion (P2PSC) intervention leverages peer support to enhance patient engagement and safety vigilance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of P2PSC in reducing fall risk and improving medication adherence among elderly patients at home. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design involved 56 elderly participants receiving P2PSC support for 4 days over 2 weeks. Data analysis revealed significant reductions in fall incidents (p=0.001) and improvements in medication adherence (p=0.001). Mean fall risk scores decreased from 12.5 to 9.2, while medication adherence scores increased from 72.5 to 81.3. The P2PSC intervention effectively enhances safety management for elderly patients and is recommended as a supplementary standard in geriatric care management at home.

Archival records are part of the written cultural heritage and represent a crucial source of information for scientific research of the past, essential for preserving the collective memory of society and the community. They are also a key element in maintaining legal certainty and protecting citizens' legal rights. Archival records are used for various purposes—administrative, scholarly, and in the realization of civil and human rights. Researchers often rely on this often fragmented data as primary evidence in efforts to shed light on past events in the area of today’s Una-Sana Canton. At the same time, as a permanent record of legal and administrative processes, archival records serve as a basis for verifying legal rights and ensuring justice and transparency in social processes. This paper examines the Kreisbehörde Bihać (District Authority of Bihać) fonds as a significant potential resource for researchers. A brief history of the fonds is presented, along with a discussion of its importance as an invaluable historical source for studying and understanding historical processes, events, and phenomena in the region. The paper also addresses judicial records from the area of the Canton housed in the Una-Sana Canton Archives, as well as other important materials used for proving property, labor, and other rights of citizens. It analyzes the role of archival records as instruments of legal protection, considers the legal framework regulating archival preservation and access, and explores the challenges that archival institutions face in this process. The need for improving legal regulations to ensure more effective protection of citizens' rights through the preservation and accessibility of archival records is also emphasized.

Abstract This study investigates the resistance of A516 Gr.70 steel to the appearance and propagation of cracks under the influence of different temperatures. Experimental tests were carried out on several samples under different temperature conditions to evaluate the changes in the mechanical properties of the base material and the welded joint and their fatigue resistance. The results show that an increase in temperature significantly affects the fatigue limit and the number of cycles to failure. Higher temperatures accelerate the appearance of cracks, while lower temperatures slow down their propagation due to less mobility of dislocations and greater resistance of the material to cavitation. These findings are essential for understanding the behavior of A516 Gr.70 steel under variable temperature conditions, especially in industries where the reliability of structures is of crucial importance.

Abstract The research aims to improve the durability and functionality of traditional wooden structures through innovative technologies, reducing the ecological footprint and enhancing the economic viability of local materials. The model benches are made from five different types of indigenous conifer wood: Norway spruce, scots pine, larch, thermally modified spruce, and spruce treated with a copper-ethanolamine based biocide. Sensors installed on the benches allow continuous monitoring of wood moisture, a key factor in determining material durability under specific climatic conditions. Collected data will enable the evaluation of optimal wood types for various climatic conditions, promoting the wider use of indigenous, environmentally renewable materials. The project also aims to connect the wood protection industry with end-users, fostering sustainable approaches to environmental preservation, cultural landscapes, and wooden heritage. The research results support the application of wood materials in sectors such as agriculture, maritime transport, and tourism, contributing to ecologically sustainable and economically efficient use of natural resources.

Abstract In this paper is described the effect of rotational speed and pole number on the efficiency of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG) utilized in wind energy systems. We have examined key electrical parameters, including generated power, induced voltage, and current, as functions of varying operational conditions. To evaluate the impact of these parameters on the performance of PMSG and Wind energy system efficiency is used MATLAB software. The obtained data are presented using graphical 2D plots and 3D visualizations, which effectively illustrate the performance. Also, the table of performed tests is provided, and is used for analysing purposes. This paper provides valuable insights for optimizing PMSG configurations in wind energy systems, contributing to improved efficiency and performance in renewable energy systems.

BackgroundNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is frequently associated with systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Indices derived from routine laboratory tests that reflect systemic inflammatory and lipid-inflammatory status may offer better prognostic insight. This study aimed to evaluate the association between selected indices and short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in patients with NSTEMI treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and statin. The selected indices reflect key mechanisms involved in NSTEMI pathophysiology, including insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and inflammation.Materials and methodsThis prospective observational study included 171 patients with NSTEMI admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Clinic for Internal Medicine at the University Clinical Centre Tuzla between February 1, 2022, and January 31, 2023. Blood samples were collected upon admission and 24 hours subsequently. The following indices were calculated: triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV). Outcomes were tracked during hospitalization and up to three months post-discharge. MACE was defined as cardiovascular death, reinfarction, stroke, or unplanned revascularization. All patients underwent coronary angiography; revascularization was performed when clinically indicated. Exclusion criteria included active malignancy, infection, or inflammatory disease. Logistic regression was adjusted for age, diabetes, and other clinical variables. Missing data were handled using the pairwise deletion method.ResultsHigh levels of TyG at admission were independently associated with MACE (odds ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.8; p = 0.037). All-cause mortality occurred in 14.6% of patients (n = 25), while MACE occurred in 60 patients. Independent predictors of mortality included elevated TyG at admission (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.4; p = 0.034), TG/HDL at 24 hours (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.7; p = 0.007), AIP at 24 hours (OR 5.7; 95% CI 1.1-28.9; p = 0.035), and NLR at 24 hours (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0-1.2; p = 0.002). PLR and PIV at 24 hours were also significantly associated with mortality. Optimal cut-off values were TyG ≥ 8.9, AIP ≥ 0.35, and NLR ≥ 4.5. NLR had the highest estimated area under the curve (AUC ≈ 0.78).ConclusionIn NSTEMI patients treated with DAPT and statin, several inflammatory and lipid-inflammatory indices were independently associated with short-term mortality. Indices measured at 24 hours had a stronger prognostic value than baseline values. Serial monitoring may aid early risk stratification. Outcomes were assessed during hospitalization and via structured follow-up up to three months post-discharge.

Heavy metals ubiquitously found in soil and water, as a serious environmental problem, are disrupting plant mineral nutrition homeostasis, osmotic balance, and metabolism. Application of some biostimulants can alleviate the disruption. Melatonin as a signal molecule, and antioxidant plays an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance due to its ability to directly neutralize reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The reduction or mitigation of heavy metals adverse effects in valerian plants grown in open field conditions using melatonin was investigated in this paper. HPLC-FLD technique was used to identify and quantify melatonin concentration in valerian root extracts. Also, physiological, and biochemical plant status under abiotic stress was examined, especially in 100 ?M melatonin pre-treated plants. Higher concentrations of endogenous melatonin were measured in roots of Cd and Zn treated plants. Melatonin application alleviated the negative effect of Cd, particularly evident in Cd-Melatonin treatment which restored or enhanced bioactive compound levels. Melatonin effectively mitigates Cd and Zn-induced stress in valerian by enhancing both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems and promoting the synthesis of protective compounds. These findings highlight melatonin potential as a sustainable biostimulant to support plant resilience and productivity in heavy metal-stressed environments.