University of Calabar

Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare neoplasm of the lymphatic system, representing one of the most common cancers in young adults. It is characterised by a low number of malignant cells derived from B-lymphocytes and an extensive microenvironment. We used Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases with search descriptors; “Hodgkin* lymphoma“ and “Hodgkin* disease”. The common bibliometric indicators were applied. We retrieved a total of 18,304 articles within 2002 and 2022. The growth pattern showed a saturated pattern, with the linear and exponential plots coinciding. A small number of authors were responsible for the majority of the publications, with a transience index of 71.84%. The Bradford core consisted of 32 journals, with Leukemia and Lymphoma being at the top. The most productive institutions were resident in United States with the University of Texas MD Anderson Center at the helm. The United States was found to be the most productive country. Engert A. was the most productive author. Scientific production in Hodgkin lymphoma was found to be saturated with a high transience index. This study provides a reference for oncologists, epidemiologists, funders, policy decision makers, academics, and Hodgkin lymphoma researchers.

Biogas is a renewable source of energy generated from anaerobic digestion of biomass. A comparative analyses of biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of animal wastes (cow dung, goat droppings and chicken droppings) in Awka North and South Local Government Area, Nigeria were studied. Laboratory scale digesters (1000 cm3 conical flasks) were used for the anaerobic digestion with retention period of 30 days and the experiment was carried out at room temperature. The digester was covered with a stopper to make it airtight. A hole was bored on the stopper through which a polyvinylchloride pipe was connected to allow the passage of biogas. The biogas produced was trapped in inverted measuring glass cylinder to get the volume of gas produced and in poly vinyl chloride ball to hold the biogas for analysis of its constituent compositions. The animal wastes were mixed with water in the ratio of 1:2. Twenty one bacteria genera belonging to five phyla including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacillota, Spirochaetota and Bacteroidota were identified to be involved in the anaerobic digestion process using 16S rRNA targeted genomic sequencing. The findings revealed the cumulative biogas yield by chicken droppings (CnD), cow dung (CwD), goat droppings (GtD), cow dung–chicken droppings, cow dung–goat droppings, chicken droppings–goat droppings and cow dung–chicken droppings–goat droppings were 5472 cm3, 1546 cm3 and 2072 cm3, 4607 cm3, 1253 cm3, 4788 cm3 and 4111 cm3 respectively. Biogas slurries for anaerobic digestion of animal wastes (cow dung, chicken droppings and goat droppings) were prepared in 3 designs (first digester without dark covering, second digester with dark covering and the third digester has dark covering with their pH raised to pH 8) with all the animal wastes producing highest percentage (CnD 70.43%, GtD 75.57%, CwD 76.96%) of methane (CH4) at the digesters with dark covering at pH 8. Statistical analysis on ANOVA reveals the biogas compositions of the animal wastes shows that they were not significant at p < 0.05. The findings reveal the animal wastes with highest biogas yield were chicken dropping > co-digestion of chicken droppings and goats dropping > co-digestion of cow dropping and chicken droppings. These animal wastes produced highest percentage of methane gas at alkaline pH with dark covering. These wastes, especially chicken droppings, could be a good source for an energy resource alternative. Proper management of these wastes prevent air, land and water pollution with their accompanying environmental and health hazards.

Back-pressure accumulation and transient pressure surges remain critical operational challenges in petroleum pumping systems, particularly during high-rate product transfer into storage tanks. Conventional mitigation strategies such as pressure relief valves, surge vessels, and bypass lines are largely reactive, energy-intensive, and maintenance-dependent. Despite advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), limited research has addressed passive inlet-based hydrodynamic conditioning for petroleum storage tanks with full-scale industrial validation. This study presents a combined numerical and experimental investigation of a passive vortex head (VH) designed to suppress back pressure through vortex-induced flow redistribution at the tank inlet. Three-dimensional CFD simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent with the realizable k–ε turbulence model to analyze pressure distribution, velocity fields, turbulence characteristics, and vortex formation. Controlled experimental validation was conducted using a prototype system under normalized inlet pressure conditions (0.07 bar) in an industrial petroleum storage facility. The results demonstrate that the vortex head induces a stable swirling flow that promotes gradual momentum dissipation and reduces localized pressure buildup near full capacity. Compared with a conventional straight inlet configuration, the vortex head reduced peak back pressure by approximately 20–30%, while decreasing total tank filling time by about 15% under identical flow conditions. CFD predictions agreed with experimental measurements within ±5%. The findings establish passive vortex-based inlet conditioning as a practical, energy-efficient strategy for preventive back-pressure suppression in petroleum storage infrastructure.

Abstract Postharvest losses and rapid nutrient degradation due to fruit spoilage necessitate alternative preservation methods. Wine production presents a viable approach to minimizing fruit waste while retaining essential nutrients. In this study, mixed fruit wines (watermelon, banana, and pineapple) were produced using Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine as a starter culture. After secondary fermentation, the wines maintained an acidic pH range (2.29±0.1 to 3.25±0.2), a stable fermentation temperature (26.50±1.1°C to 27.00±1.1°C), specific gravity values of 1.021±0.02 kg/L and 1.027±0.03 kg/L, and total acidity levels of 1.57±0.2% and 2.11±0.1% for Wines A and B, respectively. The final alcohol content was 8.40±2.9% in Wine A and 9.84±3.6% in Wine B. Proximate analysis demonstrated the retention of key nutrients post-clarification and maturation, and sensory evaluation indicated a higher consumer preference for Wine B ( P &gt;0.05). These findings highlight the potential of indigenous S. cerevisiae strains from palm win for efficient wine fermentation and support the utilization of mixed fruits as a sustainable raw material for value-added wine production. This approach not only mitigates fruit wastage but also provides an economic avenue for enhancing fruit utilization.

This study sought to establish the influence of Environmental Awareness Strategies on Attitude of Residents towards Wildlife Conservation in Ikom Education zone Cross River State. To achieve the purpose of the study, a research questions was posed and a research hypothesis formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Review of literature was carried out according to the sub-variable of the study. The study adopted the survey research design. The population of the study is made up of 1,076,501 civil and public servants, farmers, students, business men and market women as respondents. The sample for this study comprised 420 respondents selected from the study area. The instrument for data collection was a 15- item structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was titled “Environmental Awareness Strategies And Attitude of Residents Towards Wildlife Conservation Questionnaire (EASARTWCQ)”. Face and content validity of the instrument was done by experts in tests and measurement. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the instrument. From the administered questionnaire, data were analyzed using simple regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed to a large extent that Environmental Awareness Strategies significantly influence Residents Attitude towards Wildlife Conservation in Ikom Education zone Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the result of the findings it was recommended that; folktale with environmental sustainability implication should be encouraged in order to enhance wildlife conservation.

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant public health concern due to its potential to progress into cancer. This diverse group of viruses comprises over 200 distinct types, with some posing minimal health risks, while others have been linked to a range of cancers and genital warts. However, it is very imperative to mitigate this global concern, hence in this study we investigated the antiviral effects of four thiophene derivatives (2B, 2 C, 2D, and 2E) against HPV using a combination of computational approaches, including density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking, and pharmacotoxicity prediction. Our results showed that these compounds exhibit excellent stability, reactivity, and binding affinity with E2 proteins obtained from oncogenic and nononcogenic human papillomaviruses (1R8H), and the LxxLL motifs in HPV E6 oncoproteins (4GIZ). The compounds; 2B, 2 C, 2D, and 2E were docked with 1R8H and 4GIZ. Notably, compound 2E displayed a high binding affinity of -6.4 kcal/mol with the 4GIZ protein. Our findings suggest that these thiophene derivatives have promising antiviral potential against HPV and could be considered as candidates for the development of novel HPV infection therapies. This research also implies that the studied compounds possess the potential to be considered novel antiviral agents, especially against human papillomavirus.

The Calabar River in southeastern Nigeria faces severe pollution from industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and urban wastewater, threatening its ecological integrity and the livelihoods of dependent communities, yet comprehensive risk assessments integrating nutrient enrichment and metal contamination remain limited. This study examined water and sediment quality at 16 locations along a 10.78 km stretch of the river. Water and surface sediment samples were analyzed for key physicochemical parameters, nutrients, and metals. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) was used to assess the risk status of the river based on the metals analyzed, categorized as low to moderate, high, and extremely high. Water quality varied across sites, with dissolved oxygen ranging from 3.80 ± 0.10 to 6.50 ± 0.14 mg L⁻¹ and total nitrogen from 5.07 ± 0.03 to 9.17 ± 0.11 mg L⁻¹. Sediment analysis showed elevated levels of lead (27.5 ± 0.9 to 34.0 ± 1.8 mg kg⁻¹), zinc (85.3 ± 3.8 to 138.3 ± 6.7 mg kg⁻¹), and nickel (24.7 ± 0.6 to 94.5 ± 0.6 mg kg⁻¹). PERI results identified sites S9, S10, and S4 as having extremely high ecological risk, mainly due to lead, zinc, and molybdenum. Lead alone contributed up to 29% of the total risk at some locations. Sites S7 and S16 showed low to moderate risk. The findings reveal serious ecological threats from nutrient and metal pollution in the Calabar River, especially near industrial and agricultural zones. These results highlight the need for targeted pollution control and better environmental management to protect the river’s ecosystem and the communities that depend on it.