University of Edinburgh

This paper presents an efficient modelling strategy for superconducting motors, combining the time-space extrusion (TSE) method and the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T-A</i> formulation. Taking a newly designed air-cored 100-MW fully superconducting double-rotor motor (FSC-DRM) for direct-drive marine propulsion as an example, the proposed TSE and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T-A</i> combined method can achieve a 52% reduction in computational time compared to the conventional <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T-A</i> model. In addition, compared to the AMSC 36.5-MW marine propulsion motor, with the same geometric size, the proposed FSC-DRM achieves a 2.1 times higher power density with an efficiency reaching 98.8%, considering the cooling penalty.

Demand for animal-source foods (ASF) is growing globally, and the consumption can improve food and nutrition security. However, there are growing food safety risks associated with milk contamination. Studies assessing food safety measures (FSM) at the farm level are still limited. This study investigated FSM adoption in Kenyan smallholder dairy farms. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and a farm survey involving 652 farmers, which considered 11 milking hygiene, 6 milk storage, 6 environmental hygiene, and 7 animal health measures. The Food Safety Index (FSI) was 51.67%, which reveals average FSM adoption and a good agricultural practices (GAPs) compliance gap that exposes consumers to public health risks. FSM adoption was associated with participation in formal and/or informal milk value chains, socio-economic and demographic factors, knowledge of milk quality standards and regulations, farm biophysical conditions, market dynamics and institutional factors. There is a need for increasing FSM adoption through improving farmers' knowledge, supporting their access to financial resources, and providing infrastructure and services, including roads, inputs, extension and animal health services. Policymakers should design and implement policies that address specific farmers' needs. There is also a need to provide economic incentives and ensure that the market rewards dairy producers who adopt high levels of FSM that lead to safer milk. Finally, promoting the One Health approach can help farmers address human, environmental and animal health risks, which can reduce food safety risks in dairy value chains.

While the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom (UK) is increasing provisions for psychological interventions in primary care for patients with long-term conditions (LTCs), there is limited knowledge of effective implementation. This study reports on outcomes of an open pilot trial implementing the Accessible Depression and Anxiety Psychological Therapies for Long Term Conditions (ADAPT-LTC) programme in Scottish primary care services. This study entails a pragmatic, real-world implementation evaluation of ADAPT-LTC in primary care using data collected from routine outcome monitoring. Analysis focused on implementation (feasibility, suitability), service (clinical outcomes) and client (care experiences and satisfaction) outcomes. Rates of recovery, reliable improvement, reliable recovery and reliable deterioration were used as indicators of clinical outcomes. Approximately half of referred patients progressed to treatment. Patient engagement in treatment was split into groups of patients who attended few treatment sessions (approximately <4 sessions) or patients who accessed 6-8 sessions or more. Among patients who participated in treatment, CBT was associated with large pre- to post-treatment effects in reducing depression, anxiety, and functional impairment, with 35%-40% of patients no longer meeting criteria for psychiatric diagnosis and 60% reporting clinically reliable improvements. Patients reported positive care experiences and satisfaction. Delivering brief psychological intervention in primary care was effective for most patients with LTCs. However, a subgroup of patients did not start treatment or struggled to attend treatment suggesting the programme may not be suitable for all patients. Methods for enhancing engagement and implementation of ADAPT-LTC are discussed.

The last decade has seen major progress in understanding moral judgment, driven in part by advances in Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). Given these developments and their implications for psychology, sociology, and public policy, a review of recent progress is timely. We synthesize developments in four key areas: 1) measurement, 2) genetic underpinnings, 3) neural mechanisms and 4) real-world tests of MFT. Measurement advances include the release of the new MFQ-2 instrument with improved reliability and predictive validity and the division of the fairness foundation into distinct equality and proportionality foundations. Behavioral genetic studies indicate that variation in moral foundations reflects both genetic and environmental influences. Alongside this, neuroimaging studies have revealed dissociable neural areas linked to moral foundations. Finally, global events - especially the COVID-19 pandemic – enabled the evaluation of MFT predictions in real-world contexts, showing both a substantive role for moral foundations in predicting public health behaviour and yielding new insights into MFT.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) can impact on cattle health and welfare as well as cause economic losses associated with lower productivity but are often overlooked by farmers as a sub-clinical issue. Infections are routinely controlled with prophylactic use of anthelmintics but resistance to the available products has been reported. The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in cattle GIN is advancing in certain species, making control more challenging. This study shows the current prevalence and diversity of GIN populations in British commercial cattle herds and the extent of infection in traded animals. Faecal samples were collected from 455 cattle herds; 395 from groups being sold through livestock auctions and a further 60 from samples submitted to the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) for monitoring purposes. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were conducted on all samples and nematode eggs recovered for molecular species identification using Illumina MiSeq. Of the traded cattle, 67% had a positive faecal egg count, with a mean FEC of 20 eggs per gram (epg) (95% CI: 11 - 34). Samples from APHA had a mean FEC of 72 epg (95% CI: 56-93). Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora were the most common species identified, with co-infections of these two species found in 87% of samples. A diverse range of additional species were also identified, and these were found to vary with the pedigree status of cattle sampled and geographic location. Our results highlight that most cattle sold at auction were carrying GIN, which included a high prevalence of the pathogenic species O. ostertagi. These findings stress the need for effective biosecurity measures for new and returning cattle to minimise the movement of GIN between farms.

This paper analyses the role that bureaucrats play in processes of state-making at the infrastructural frontier. It does so through a close archival analysis of administrative contentions in the building of the Lerma System, an interbasin water transfer built in Central Mexico between 1942 and 1951 to supply Mexico City with fresh water. The Lerma is understood as part of a broader techno-political transition in post-revolutionary Mexico, where large infrastructures were simultaneously territorialising state power and materialising a push for modernisation, urbanisation and industrialisation. In critical dialogue with scholarship that theorises this transition as one of authoritarian centralisation, this paper shows that this process was riddled with contentions within the state apparatus, which shaped the way these infrastructures were built and had profound implications for the historical and contemporary techno-politics of hydraulic infrastructure in Mexico City. By focusing on bureaucrats and administrative practices, this paper contributes to scholarship that theorises the heterogeneity of the state and its effects by highlighting the constrained agency these state workers have in face of profound techno-political changes and political economic and ecological transitions.

Coral bleaching events are intensifying with rising sea surface temperatures, yet the role of nutrient availability in influencing coral responses to thermal stress remains complex. Excessive nutrient enrichment often increases bleaching susceptibility, but moderate, balanced enrichment may provide physiological benefits. We tested this through a six-month in situ enrichment experiment on an oligotrophic reef in the Maldives during a mild bleaching event. Diffusers supplied either nitrogen-rich (High N; elevated N relative to P) or balanced nitrogen-phosphorus (High P; relative to typical Redfield N:P ratios) fertiliser to Pocillopora spp. colonies, and responses were assessed using bleaching surveys and stable isotope analyses (δ15N, δ13C, and C:N ratios) of host tissue and algal symbionts to monitor changes nitrogen assimilation strategies. Enriched colonies bleached significantly less than controls during peak heat stress. Isotopic signatures shifted toward fertiliser values, with δ15N reduced by up to 2 ‰ in symbionts and∼1 ‰ in tissue, indicating assimilation of external nitrogen. Symbiont C:N ratios also declined under enrichment, consistent with reduced N limitation and altered metabolic balance within the symbiosis. Together, these results provide the first field evidence from the Indian Ocean that short-term nutrient enrichment in oligotrophic reef environments can reduce bleaching severity under mild heat stress by enhancing metabolic flexibility, i.e., the capacity of corals and their symbionts to adjust nutrient assimilation and internal resource use under stress. However, the long-term consequences of sustained or unbalanced nutrient exposure remain uncertain, highlighting the need for caution in management applications.