University of Education Schwaebisch Gmuend

ABSTRACT Physical activity (PA) is associated with favourable mental health constructs while mechanisms and possible moderators remain under debate. This paper examines self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship between PA and subjective well-being with PA enjoyment as a moderator and explores the role of motor difficulties in these associations. We expected that higher levels of PA would relate to gains in subjective well-being, with self-esteem partially explaining effects of this relationship and moderated by PA enjoyment. We tested this in two cross-sectional studies, which included manifold measures of PA and three aspects of subjective well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life). In study 1, a sample of N = 74 adults with low or high sports experience completed questionnaires, a 7-day activity diary, and wore an actigraph to measure their PA. Study 2 included a general sample of N = 241 adults who completed detailed online questionnaires. In both studies, PA was significantly associated with positive affect and satisfaction with life, and sometimes with negative affect. Self-esteem rarely served as a mediator and PA enjoyment did not moderate the relationship between PA and subjective well-being, across several domains of PA (i.e., actigraph, diary, self-report). However, we found that motor difficulties were highly correlated with several domains of PA, all domains of subjective well-being, and PA enjoyment. Motor difficulties also mediated associations between active hours and well-being outcomes. Taken together, motor skill proficiency may play a key role in the association between PA and wellbeing, where enjoyment of PA and self-esteem do not seem fundamental.

Patients, as central actors in healthcare, should be enabled to actively participate in health services research processes. In addition, other stakeholders, such as professionals from healthcare practice, are also essential for a comprehensive participatory approach. This DNVF memorandum focuses on participatory approaches in the context of health services research. It begins by outlining the key characteristics of participatory health services research and describing its current development and institutionalization in Germany. The DNVF memorandum also highlights the potential and benefits of participatory research. Finally, it addresses two cross-cutting topics that are particularly relevant for further development in this field: the theoretical and conceptual foundations, and the investigation of effects and effectiveness of participatory approaches.

Abstract Research on AI systems like ChatGPT indicates that there are not only obstacles but also potentials of using AI systems on the learner-level, e.g., for fostering learning processes. On the teacher-level, however, there is not much research yet and an important possibility to use AI systems like ChatGPT could be for, e.g., the development of complex tasks, which could help teachers in lesson planning processes. This study provides explorative and qualitative insights into such a task development process with the help of ChatGPT and for that purpose, n = 17 prospective teachers’ interactions with ChatGPT and post-interaction reflections were examined. They used ChatGPT with the assignment to develop complex tasks with the specific subject-matter parameters ‘Operative principle’, ‘Geoboard’ and ‘Multilingualism’. Methodologically, interpretative interaction analyses are conducted to gain abductive insights into the transcribed data and the analysis indicates that teachers, who were trained in the specific subject-matter as well as in prompt engineering, could use ChatGPT in a way that highly viable tasks could be generated whereas non-trained teachers mostly generated non- or less-viable tasks. This leads to the assumption of a threshold for the viable usage on teacher-level: Teachers who are subject-matter- and content-wise proficient and who know about effective prompting can use ChatGPT efficiently and evaluate it as a good tool for helping them in developing tasks they would otherwise not be able to develop, e.g., multilingual tasks, whereas teachers with less proficiency in both facets do not evaluate the usage of AI as useful. These results influence teacher training programs and the future development of AI tools for educational purposes in a two-fold way. Since teachers who know both how to prompt and what to teach are more capable of using AI systems like ChatGPT productively as support in developing learning environments, future teacher training programs should include prompting modules as part of their structure, e.g., following subject-matter training modules. This approach would help prospective teachers learn how to use AI systems like ChatGPT effectively and integrate these systems into their practices, e.g., for developing tasks.

Abstract The mechanical surface treatment by deep rolling and burnishing is a widely used process in many industrial applications to optimize surface characteristics such as roughness, hardness and the residual stress state. Multiple process parameters (contact pressure, feed rate, tool diameter) need to be adapted to achieve an optimal treatment result, requiring major experimental efforts for the optimization process. Therefore, an approach was developed to simplify the optimization. The single target parameter for optimization in this approach is the overlap factor. This overlap factor can be simply determined experimentally from the width of single tracks, theoretically by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) or analytically by assuming linear elastic contact (Hertzian contact). The overlap factor was correlated with the surface condition after treatment (roughness, residual stress state) and an optimum value was proposed based on the treated material. For verification, the new approach was applied to Laser Bed Powder Fusion (LBPF) manufactured materials made of AlSi10Mg and 316L. To avoid overtreatment, i.e. an extensive plastic deformation of the surface during the process, an overlap factor of max. 90% was recommended based on former results. The predicted process parameters show the highest surface quality in this investigation.

Upon arrival in the host country, young refugees typically experience post-migration stress due to the daily challenges of the new environment and culture they encounter. This study examined changes in cultural orientations toward both the dominant and the society of origin in young refugees and their possible indirect association with the interplay between the prior adoption of coping strategies - classified as functional (seeking social support, problem-focused coping, palliative emotion regulation) or dysfunctional (avoidant coping, anger-related emotion regulation) - and later mental health outcomes, including internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data of 94 Middle Eastern refugees in Germany aged 8 to 18 years (Mage = 13.32 years, SDage = 2.98 years, 46% female), who completed questionnaires at two time-points approximately one year apart, were analyzed. Path analytic results show that young refugees who actively addressed problems and sought social support were better adapted to their environment, namely reported more cultural integration and fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms over time. They also used functional approaches to emotion regulation. No effects were found for avoidant coping and anger-related coping strategies. However, the small scale of the indirect effects observed points to the potential involvement of contextual factors in the relationships studied. Therefore, a combination of support programs and conducive environments where functional stress coping strategies can be developed and practiced in the acculturation context could be crucial for successful socio-cultural adjustment and beneficial for the mental health of young refugees in Western countries. • Functional coping linked to better mental health in young Middle Eastern refugees. • Cultural orientation mediated coping and mental health over time. • Seeking social support& problem-oriented coping foster long-term refugee adjustment.

Das Öffnen einer Weinflasche mit einem simplen Korkenzieher erfordert immerhin eine Kraft von 250 bis 300 N. Zum Glück geht es auch einfacher!