University of Göttingen

We establish an exponentially decaying upper bound on the average energy that can be extracted in quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocols executed on finite-range gapped lattice systems possessing a unique ground state. Under mild regularity assumptions on the Hamiltonian and uniform operator-norm bounds on the local measurement operators, there exist positive constants C and μ (determined by the spectral gap, interaction range and local operator norms) such that for any local measurement performed in a region A and any outcome-dependent local unitaries implemented in a disjoint region B separated by distance d = dist ( A , B ) one has | E A − E B | ≤ C e − μ d . The bound is nonperturbative, explicit up to model-dependent constants, and follows from the variational characterization of the ground state combined with exponential clustering implied by the spectral gap. We emphasize that the constants deteriorate as the gap closes (equivalently, as the correlation length diverges), so the estimate is intended for the gapped regime.

Front-of-pack (FOP) environmental labels have long been used to encourage more sustainable food choices. The wide range of sustainability dimensions relevant to food production and consequently food consumption, has led to an increasing number of FOP labels aiming to provide consumers with sufficient sustainability-related information. Consequently, there is currently a discussion about whether subdimensions should be included as part of an overall sustainability label, or if only an overall score should be shown, as it is the case with the Nutri-Score. This study aims to close this research gap. Focussing on water usage in food production this study investigates consumer preferences for water footprint information as a subdimension of an environmental label compared to an environmental label with no subdimensions. A choice experiment was conducted in autumn 2024 with n=998 German consumers, representative of the German population in terms of gender, age and education. The results of the random parameter logit model show that consumers’ marginal utility is highest for an environmental label that includes a low water footprint subdimension. A sole environmental label as well as the environmental label showing a high water footprint have a negative effect on consumers’ purchasing decisions. The study contributes to the scientific discourse on label design and information provision to facilitate sustainable choices. Additionally, practical recommendations can be derived regarding the importance of water footprint information in consumers’ food purchasing process.

The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae has an effector protein that can methylate the plant defense compound salicylic acid (SA), and the protein sequence is highly conserved in different isolates worldwide. Sequencing the full-length cDNA of P. brassicae Benzoic acid/Salicylic acid Methyltransferase (PbBSMT) from a small collection of clubs indicated the occurrence of a natural variation that differs by 18 amino acids, which was also found within the worldwide data collection for P. brassicae isolates. A search for more possible substrates including defense-inducing compounds revealed that PbBSMT was also able to convert a recently reported inductor of systemic defense, N-hydroxy pipecolic acid (NHP), to its methyl ester. PbBSMT showed much lower Km values for the substrates SA and NHP compared with the other two natural compounds previously identified to be methylated with high activities (benzoic and anthranilic acids), suggesting they are the most favored substrates in vitro. The two variants showed no difference in terms of being able to accept the four naturally occurring substrates. Mature clubs incubated for 21 d after inoculation with NHP or SA showed in vivo conversion to their respective methyl esters. The methyl ester of NHP was specifically detected in transgenic plants overexpressing PbBSMT under inductive conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis with elevated NHP levels had reduced club weights, but no reduction in infection rate or disease severity was seen in these plants, or in mutants with decreased NHP levels. Treatment of infected plants with NHP did not reduce disease severity, and therefore a major function for NHP in defense against the clubroot pathogen is not apparent.

Mania symptoms in youth predict poor long-term mental health outcomes, yet their developmental trajectories and associated risk factors remain unclear. Leveraging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N=10,474; 9-10 years at baseline; 48% female, 65% white), we used latent growth mixture models to identify trajectories of mania symptoms across two years in early adolescence. We used multinomial logistic regressions to examine associations between trajectories and risk factors across mental and physical health, cognition, and family/environmental domains. We identified three trajectories: Low (58%), Moderate (32%), and High/Variable Mania Symptoms (10%). All mental health symptoms (depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct and oppositional defiant disorders and anxiety), two physical health factors (sleep disturbances, irritable bowel syndrome symptoms), one cognitive factor (verbal learning impairment), and three family/environmental factors (trauma, parent- and youth-reported family conflict) significantly differentiated between all three trajectories, reflecting incremental increases in risk factor severity with increasing mania symptoms. Other physical, cognitive, family and environmental factors were also associated with more severe mania symptom trajectories. More severe mania symptom trajectories in early adolescence are associated with multiple mental, physical, cognitive, family and environmental risk factors, underscoring the need for comprehensive risk prediction approaches in youth.

The OAE 1d is one of the oceanic anoxic events that punctuate the Cretaceous and represent Earth system-wide changes prominently captured by carbon isotope excursions (CIE). Although the positive CIE near the Albian/Cenomanian boundary (ACB) is known from multiple localities, many of these records disagree in the shape of the δ 13 C curve. Interpretations of OAE 1d and a broader ACB Event (ACBE) remain ambiguous, and their duration is insufficiently constrained. Here we present new analyses on high-resolution samples from Core Jásd-42. The >450 m thick Pénzeskút Marl Fm. provides an expanded record across the ACBE. We generated elemental and stable isotope geochemical data and used these time series for cyclostratigraphic analyses. The derived astrochronologic age model establishes a depositional duration of 4.4–4.83 Myr and is integrated with ammonite and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy. This high-resolution chemostratigraphy provides a new, calibrated record of OAE 1d and the ACBE that we correlate with other reference sections, including the GSSP. A minimum estimate of 1.23 Myr and 2.28 Myr is obtained for OAE 1d and the ACBE, respectively. For the latter, a minimum of 602 kyr is assigned to the rising limb, 748 kyr to the culminating interval, and 931 kyr to the falling limb in the δ 13 C carb curve. The δ 13 C record through OAE 1d appears orbitally controlled, where the positive peaks are paced by long eccentricity. Considering the differences between seasonality extremes, we suggest a model for depositional cyclicity in a synorogenic basin with a high sedimentation rate of 9–15 cm/kyr. • Expanded stratigraphic record of the Albian-Cenomanian transition from a core section • High-resolution C isotope stratigraphy of OAE 1d and the Albian-Cenomanian Boundary Event (ACBE) • Biostratigraphically anchored astrochronology from geochemical time-series spans 4.4–4.83 Myr • Calibrated, highly resolved record of OAE 1d and ACBE correlated with the GSSP and other sections • Model for depositional cyclicity in an Alpine synorogenic basin with high sedimentation rate

Reeler mice have a mutation in the reelin gene. As a result, Reeler mice lack cortical layers, yet their brains are still largely functional. However, Reeler mice display strong motor phenotypes, including ataxic gait and tics, and we posit that their whisking behaviour might also be disrupted. We used high-speed video to film and track whisker movements in 9 adult Reeler mice and 9 age-matched controls in three whisker movement assessment tasks, including our established novel object exploration and open field tasks, as well as a new open field habituation task. Overall, whisker movements in Reeler mice were highly conserved during the novel object exploration and open field tasks, and they demonstrated all behaviourally relevant whisking features during exploratory contact with an object, including contact-induced asymmetry, spread reduction, and decreasing whisker speeds following object contact. In the habituation task, whisker angular position and whisker spread decreased between the first consecutive sessions in all mice, suggesting that the animals were less focused on sampling the area as they got more familiar with the environment. However, only Reeler mice were affected by more extensive habituation. We suggest that whisker-dependent sensory function is surprisingly intact in Reeler mice. However, our observed habituation-related changes in Reeler mice whisker movements suggest some behavioural differences in these mice, which is a likely result of their disorganised cortex due to reelin deficiency.

• We applied the Life Framework in combination with PPGIS data on landscape values. • We identified three life frames: living with/in , living from , and living as nature. • Living in/with related to mapping intrinsic values in protected areas. • The spatial distribution of the life frames showed high variability and overlaps. • Using life frames with PPGIS revealed protected areas heterogeneous meanings.