University of Granada

Atopic dermatitis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease, classically defined by its eczematous lesions and relapsing course. However, growing evidence over the past decade has revealed that this disease is in fact far more heterogeneous than previously thought - both in its clinical manifestations and in the underlying molecular and immunological mechanisms. This short review explores the evolving conceptual framework used to analyze atopic dermatitis, encompassing clinical presentations (phenotypes), immune polarization profiles (immunotypes), and the background disease-related and context-related factors that shape them. The aim of this review is to highlight how such heterogeneity influences disease severity, progression, and therapeutic response, particularly in the context of increasingly personalized treatment strategies. By synthesizing accumulated scientific and clinical insights, this short review provides clinicians with a practical guide to navigating the complex spectrum of AD and its underlying therapeutic targets. Recognizing and interpreting this multidimensional variability is essential for understanding disease course and optimizing treatment selection.

Purpose : To examine the effect of an activity wristband-based intermittent teaching unit (TU) combined with other behavior modification strategies in the physical education setting on high school students’ weekly steps. Method : Seventy-one high school students (49.3% girls) aged 12–16 years performed an 8-week intermittent TU (last 15 min of each session) twice a week. The TU consisted of the following strategies: activity wristband (24 hr), educational counseling, and progressive step goals, among others. Results : The students improved their weekly steps from Week 1 to Weeks 4–8 ( p ≤ .001; d = 0.45–0.58). There was a higher percentage of students who did at least an average of 10,000 steps per day at Week 8 compared with Week 1 ( p = .031; Cramer’s V = 0.246). Conclusion : The studied intermittent TU increased students’ weekly steps and the proportion of students who did at least an average of 10,000 steps per day.

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth of research investigating the psychological consequences of economic inequality. More and more experimental manipulations of economic inequality have been used, allowing researchers to infer the causal effects of inequality on a wide range of psychosocial variables. We conducted a systematic review of research that has manipulated perceived economic inequality, followed by a meta-analysis examining (a) the effectiveness of different perceived economic inequality manipulations and (b) their impact on the different outcomes studied (e.g., descriptive norms). In total, 60 studies were included in the meta-analysis, with an average of 141 participants per group (total of 31,637 participants). The meta-analytic results showed that experimental manipulations affected inequality perceptions, yet there is large variability in their effectiveness. Although the type of paradigm used and characteristics of the manipulations accounted for some of this heterogeneity, much remains unexplained. Moreover, experimental manipulations of perceived economic inequality mostly influenced descriptive norms and perceptions followed, in order, by stereotypes, belief systems, motivations/values, causal attributions, and social/economic comparison. We discuss the implications of our findings and offer advice for researchers using paradigms to manipulate economic inequality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

ABSTRACTPurposeAutism spectrum condition (ASC) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in communication, social interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Extensive research has aimed to identify structural brain distinctions between individuals with ASC and neurotypical individuals using neuroimaging techniques. However, limited attention has been given to evaluating how variations in image acquisition protocols across different centers influence these observed differences.MethodThis analysis focuses on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) database, considering both subjects' condition and individual centers to identify disparities between ASC and control groups. Statistical analysis, employing permutation tests, utilizes two distinct statistical mapping methods: statistical agnostic mapping (SAM) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM).FindingResults from the SAM mapping method show greater consistency with existing literature. However, no statistically significant differences were found in any brain region. This outcome is attributed to factors such as limited sample sizes within certain centers, noise effects, and the challenges posed by multi‐center databases in a heterogeneous condition such as autism.ConclusionThe study indicates limitations in using the ABIDE I database to detect structural differences in the brain between neurotypical individuals and those diagnosed with ASC. Multi‐center variability and sample size constraints significantly affect the reliability of findings in structural neuroimaging studies of autism.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with executive function deficits-such as planning, organization, and prospective memory-that impair autonomy and daily functioning, increase family stress, and create challenges in educational contexts. These consequences underscore the need for accessible and ecologically valid interventions addressing the cognitive, familial, and educational dimensions. Traditional approaches often lack ecological validity, and pharmacological treatment shows a limited impact on functional cognition. Objectives: This protocol outlines a feasibility study of DiverAcción, a web-based telerehabilitation system designed to enhance functional cognition through interactive and gamified tasks integrated into a comprehensive healthcare programme. Methods: A quasi-experimental feasibility study before and after the study will recruit 30 participants aged 9 to 17 years with ADHD. The study comprises an initial face-to-face session for instructions and baseline assessment (T0), followed by twelve supervised online sessions over six weeks. Therapeutic support is provided via integrated chat, email, and two scheduled videoconference check-ins. Feasibility Outcomes: include recruitment, adherence, retention, usability (SUS), acceptability (TAM), satisfaction, user-friendly design, therapeutic alliance (WAI-I), and professionals' attitudes toward technology (e-TAP-T). Exploratory Measures: include parental self-efficacy (BPSES), parenting stress (PSI-4-SF), ADHD symptomatology (SNAP-IV), executive functioning (BRIEF-2), time management (Time-S), emotional regulation (ERQ-CA), prospective memory (PRMQ-C), and health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-52). Analyses emphasize descriptive statistics for feasibility metrics (recruitment, adherence, retention, dropout and fidelity). Assessments are conducted post-intervention (T1) and at three-month follow-up (T2) and analyzed relative to baseline using repeated-measures ANOVA or Friedman tests, depending on data distribution. Conclusions: This feasibility protocol will provide preliminary evidence on the usability, acceptability, and implementation of DiverAcción. Findings will guide refinements and inform the design of a subsequent randomized controlled trial.

The utilization of fertilizers in contemporary agriculture is of paramount importance, given their capacity to enhance crop productivity. However, fertilizer manufacturing is a very energy-consuming activity that also emits harmful substances, thereby impacting the environment. In this article, we propose the integration of Lean Six Sigma and Life-Cycle Assessment methodologies to guide fertilizer manufacturers towards a more sustainable fertilizer production. We applied this approach in a case study with a Spanish fertilizer producer. A comparative study of its environmental performance was undertaken to quantify the benefit of applying Lean Six Sigma principles to achieve reduced variability in product compositions, optimized raw material use, and improved process performance. We also assessed the environmental impact of four waste treatment scenarios for the wastewater and solid waste generated in the manufacturing process. Our results showed that the improvements obtained by the application of Lean Six Sigma resulted in a reduction of the environmental impact by 8.6%, mostly driven by a lower use of copper sulphate. The best waste treatment scenario was determined to be composting of the solid waste and wastewater recovery. Human carcinogenic toxicity accounted for nearly half of the total environmental impact of fertilizer production. Furthermore, the reaction process was found to contribute the most to the overall environmental impact due to the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. It is expected that this study will motivate fertilizer manufacturers, as well as the chemical industry in general, to adopt methodologies like Lean Six Sigma and Life-Cycle Assessment to make their processes more sustainable.

The development of efficient C-C bond-forming reactions remains an important objective in organic chemistry. These reactions are fundamental tools for building complex molecules for diverse applications. Among the various strategies available, radical processes promoted by group IV metals-particularly Ti and its titanocene-type complexes-have shown remarkable versatility and utility in organic synthesis. However, closely related zirconium analogues have historically received less attention and have shown a more limited reactivity profile. Thus, zirconium and its zirconocene-type derivatives have often been regarded as the "ugly duckling" of group IV metal-promoted radical chemistry. Yet recent advances indicate that this "ugly duckling" is beginning to reveal its synthetic potential. In this review, we highlight the main synthetic applications of zirconocene(III) complexes and compare them with those of titanocene(III). Special attention is placed on the generation of reactive zirconocene(III) species and their impact on reactivity. Overall, these developments show how zirconocene(III) chemistry is emerging as a valuable complement to titanocene(III)-based radical transformations, turning our ugly duckling into a beautiful swan.

This study analyzes how Spanish universities integrate inclusion, accessibility, digital competence, and artificial intelligence (AI) into the professional development of university teaching staff, in a context marked by rapid digital transformation. The research addresses the lack of comparative evidence on how these key dimensions of contemporary higher education are articulated, or remain disconnected, across institutions. Using a mixed-methods design, 83 training courses delivered between 2020 and 2025 in 24 public and private universities were examined through qualitative analysis, coding matrices, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study adopts an explicitly exploratory and typological approach, aimed at mapping institutional patterns rather than establishing causal explanations. The results reveal a highly heterogeneous and weakly cohesive training landscape. Inclusion appears primarily as a normative discourse with limited pedagogical depth; accessibility is frequently reduced to technical compliance; and AI (particularly generative AI) is incorporated from instrumental, efficiency-oriented approaches. Ethical dimensions, algorithmic bias, and digital accessibility are virtually absent. The hierarchical cluster analysis identifies four institutional profiles: technocentric without inclusion, analogically inclusive, advanced hybrid, and low-density training models. These patterns show how institutional orientations shape the professional development trajectories of university teaching staff. The study highlights the need for comprehensive faculty development strategies that integrate inclusion, accessibility, and responsible AI use, and offers a structured typological baseline for future research assessing impact on teaching practice and student experience.

Background: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corms, often discarded as agricultural by-products, are a promising and sustainable source of bioactive metabolites with potential therapeutic relevance. However, their anticancer potential remains largely underinvestigated. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the phytochemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts from fresh (HEEF) and stored (HEES) saffron corms and to evaluate their anticancer effectiveness against colorectal cancer cells. Methods: Phytochemical profiling was performed using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Cytotoxicity against T84 and SW480 colorectal cancer cell lines was determined by the crystal violet assay. Apoptosis-related protein modulation was assessed by Western blotting. Additionally, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM/GBSA calculations were used to investigate ligand–target binding affinities and stability. Results: Both extracts contained diverse primary and secondary metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, lignans, anthraquinones, carotenoids, sugars, and fatty acids. HEES showed higher relative abundance of key bioactive metabolites than HEEF, which was enriched mainly in primary metabolites. HEES showed significantly greater dose-dependent cytotoxicity, particularly against SW480 cells after 24 h (IC50 = 34.85 ± 3.35). Apoptosis induction was confirmed through increased expression of caspase-9 and p53 in T84 cells. In silico studies revealed strong and stable interactions of major metabolites, especially 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid with COX2 and crocetin with VEGFR2. Conclusions: Stored saffron corms possess a richer bioactive profile and show enhanced anticancer effects in vitro compared with fresh saffron corms, suggesting that they may represent a promising source of compounds for the future development of colorectal cancer therapeutics.