University of Kota

Precise control of the Fermi level in two-dimensional materials is critical for modulating their electronic structure, thereby facilitating their effective implementation in advanced electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we report on the role of cobalt doping in modulating the Fermi level of MoS2 synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition process. Raman spectroscopic results confirmed the presence of p-type dopants and tensile strain in the system through characteristic peak shifts. Photoluminescence studies reinforced the Raman findings by showing progressive quenching of excitonic emission and defect state evolution, consistent with Co-induced p-type doping. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy validated Co substitution in the MoS2 lattice and provided quantitative insights into bonding states and dopant concentration. Furthermore, Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements demonstrated a clear increase in work function with increasing Co concentration, reflecting a Fermi level shift toward the valence band. These findings highlight the dual role of cobalt doping in inducing strain and charge transfer, thereby offering a tunable strategy for engineering the electronic properties of MoS2 for next-generation nanoelectronics and catalytic applications.

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of drug utilization, demographic characteristics, routes of administration, duration of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a hospital-based observational study conducted over a period of six months in the Pharmacology Department in coordination with the Cardiology Department of a tertiary care hospital in southern Rajasthan. A total of 100 patients with confirmed diagnosis of myocardial infarction were included. Data regarding demographics, drug prescriptions from admission to discharge, routes of administration, fixed-dose combinations, and clinical outcomes were collected from inpatient records and analysed descriptively. Results: The majority of patients were aged 61–70 y (37%), followed by 51–60 y (32%), with a marked male predominance (82%). Most patients recovered (93%), while in-hospital mortality was 7%. Combination routes of drug administration (oral, sublingual, and parenteral) were used in 84% of patients. Half of the patients had a hospital stay of 3–4 d. Antiplatelet drugs were prescribed to 99% of patients, with dual antiplatelet therapy being most common (73%). Statins (94%), beta-blockers (88%), anticoagulants (85%), and nitrates (89%) were widely used. Proton pump inhibitors were prescribed to all patients, while antibiotics were used in 51%. Fixed-dose combinations, particularly aspirin with clopidogrel and statins, were frequently prescribed. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a high level of adherence to evidence-based guidelines in the pharmacological management of myocardial infarction at the tertiary care hospital. The prescribing pattern reflects rational use of essential cardiovascular drugs and effective acute management, as evidenced by favourable clinical outcomes. However, the use of certain non-cardiac medications highlights the need for regular prescription audits to further promote rational drug use.

Salinity constitutes a principal abiotic constraint on agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. The experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar during 2022-23 to estimate the effect of various salinity regimes on germination and seedling growth. Fourteen accessions of fenugreek were evaluated in RBD with three replications at three salinity regimes (0.00%, 0.50% and 0.75 % NaCl). Pooled analysis of variance was indicated significant differences among the accessions, salinity and accession × salinity for the seed vigour traits. Seed vigour traits were showed significant positive correlation with each other. Based on Salt tolerance indices and principal component analysis, RMt-305, RMt-351, AFg-2, RMt-303 and GM-2 were noticed tolerant among the accessions. These accessions can be utilized in breeding programmes for developing climate resilience varieties with better germination and seedling growth.

The present study investigates the impact of assistive technologies (ATs) on academic engagement among students with disabilities in mainstream inclusive schools. Recognizing the increasing adoption of ATs as tools to enhance accessibility and participation, this research examines how these technologies influence behavioural, cognitive, and emotional engagement, alongside the role of institutional and pedagogical support. A quantitative descriptive–correlational design was employed, involving a sample of 35 students with diverse disabilities and five special subject teachers from inclusive schools in Kota. Data were collected using validated instruments, including an Assistive Technology Utilization Scale, a Student Academic Engagement Scale, and a Teacher Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis indicated moderate to high overall academic engagement, with cognitive engagement being the highest (M = 3.85). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between AT use and behavioural (r = .52, p .01), cognitive (r = .58, p .01), and emotional engagement (r = .46, p .05). Independent samples t-tests demonstrated that students who regularly used ATs exhibited significantly higher engagement than those with limited use. Multiple regression analysis further identified AT use (β = .49, p .01) and teacher training (β = .32, p .05) as significant predictors of academic engagement, highlighting the importance of supportive institutional environments. Findings suggest that ATs serve not only as access tools but also as facilitators of meaningful learning, autonomy, and social participation. The study underscores the need for strategic integration of ATs, teacher professional development, and institutional support to foster equitable and effective inclusive education.

In India, the protection of girl children is part of the Constitution's guarantee of equality, dignity and social justice. Since independence, India has built an extensive legal structure to support efforts at eliminating structural discrimination (including against girls), sexual exploitation, child marriage, trafficking and gender-based practices. The Constitution provides guarantees (Articles 14, 15, 21) and supports these guarantees with Directive Principles of State Policy: these articles provide the normative basis on which State intervention for-protecting girl children can be based. Many Acts (including the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO), Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 (PCMA), Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994 (PCPNDT) and Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015) implement these Constitutional guarantees. However, there continues to be a large gap between implementation and the law, as shown by inadequate national crime data, demographic surveys, and peer-reviewed socio-legal studies. Although these -laws are well designed (by international standards), enforcement is uneven across States and regions. Based on a doctrinal analysis of law and socio-legal examination of national databases and recent academic studies this paper concludes that the main reason for this disparity lies in structural patriarchal systems in India, fragmentation of institutions, delays in procedures, and socio-economic disadvantages that limit enforcement. As such, the study will explore the constitutional philosophy, legislative development, judicial interpretation and obstacles to governance around establishing substantive equality for girl children in India.

This paper proposes a method to summarize articles by retaining the most important information while removing less relevant content. Our approach uses a hierarchical model with attention that works in two stages. First, it processes the words in each sentence using a bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) with an attention mechanism, which helps the model focus on the most meaningful words. Then, it analyses the relationships between sentences across the whole document using another BiLSTM with attention. This two-level structure helps the model understand both the details within sentences and the overall structure of the article. The model is trained on the CNN/Daily Mail news dataset. We have labelled the most important sentences in the articles based on how closely they matched these summaries. The model then selects the top-scoring sentences to form the final summary. The system is evaluated using ROUGE scores, which compare the model's summaries to human ones. The results, with ROUGE-I: 0.34, ROUGE-2: 0.12, and ROUGE-L: 0.21 show that the model performs well in capturing key information. This work provides a useful tool for text summarization and shows how neural networks can better understand and represent the structure of long documents.

BackgroundStroke is a major cause of death and disability in India. Many stroke patients seek care at government medical colleges but studies have not comprehensively assessed the quality of acute stroke care. This study aims to evaluate key indicators for optimal stroke care in the pre- implementation phase of implementation of an evaluation and treatment package for uniform stroke care (IMPETUS) study across 23 medical colleges in India.MethodsIMPETUS stroke is a multicentric, prospective, multiphase, mixed-methods, quasi-experimental implementation study, comprising three phases. During its pre-implementation phase, baseline assessment of stroke care was performed using pre-structured case report form, among prospectively enrolled acute stroke patients.ResultsA total of 2,018 patients were enrolled during the pre-implementation phase. The mean (SD) age was 59.08 (14.4) years, with male preponderance (64.2%); 69.06% had an onset <24 h, majority had ischemic stroke (60.1%), followed by intracerebral hemorrhage (38.4%). Key risk factors were hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and previous stroke. Imaging performed included non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) (69.6%), computed tomography angiography (CTA) (25.6%) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (24.6%). Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) was administered in 39.2% eligible patients, predominantly with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (72%). In-hospital delay was the most common reason for not receiving thrombolysis (44.8%). The median door-to-CT, CT-to-needle and door-to-needle time were 95, 36.5 and 67 min, respectively. Other important stroke care indices were also evaluated. In-hospital mortality was 19.4 and 33.1% patients achieved modified rankin scale (mRS) score 0–2 at 90-days.ConclusionThis comprehensive data provides a representative baseline status of acute stroke care in select medical colleges across India, which will be useful in comparing advancements during the implementation phase and improve policy making.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are common medical complication of pregnancy. Maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with these conditions are very high. Hypertension is the most common medical problem encountered during pregnancy, complicating 2-3% of pregnancies. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are classified into 4 categories, as recommended by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: 1) chronic hypertension, 2) preeclampsia-eclampsia, 3) preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, and 4) gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Aetiology of these disorders is not known. Several theories are postulated. Now it is believed to be an exaggerated response to inflammatory reaction of pregnancy. No single test has so far been identified for prediction. Depending on clinical factors like family history of hypertension, past history of hypertension aspirin in low dose is used to minimize the incidence. In eclampsia magnesium sulphate is the anticonvulsant of choice worldwide. Antihypertensive drugs like methyl dopa, labetalol, and hydralazine are used to lower blood pressure to a safe level. Delivery should be planned at the oportunate time. Factors to be considered for timing of delivery are gestational age, maternal, and fetal conditions. HELLP syndrome is another complication of preeclampsia. Diagnosis and management of HELLP syndrome are reviewed.