University of Makati

Ping An Fang Yu Yin (PAFYY) is a traditional Chinese herbal tea formula commonly used to treat respiratory infections, including COVID-19. Previous research indicates potential antiinflammatory activities; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of PAFYY, specifically its electron-transport and bioenergetic properties, through network pharmacology, electrochemical analysis, and Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) assessments. Active compounds and their respective targets were identified via database searches. Proteinprotein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database and further analyzed using Cytoscape and MCODE software. Molecular docking was employed to assess the binding affinity between identified key compounds and their targets. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and MFC assays evaluated the electrontransport characteristics of PAFYY water and ethanol extracts. The analysis identified 298 active compounds associated with 1,940 biological targets, highlighting key targets including EP300, CREBBP, ESR1, AKT1, MAPK3, MAPK1, and STAT3. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that PAFYY significantly influences immune system processes and neuronal signaling pathways. Molecular docking confirmed the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential of the identified active compounds. Additionally, electrochemical studies demonstrated that PAFYY contains electroactive substances mediating electron-driven redox reactions. Recent studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese herbal teas contain electron shuttles capable of mediating electron transfer in electrogenic bacteria. Emerging evidence further indicates that electroactive plant polyphenols can modulate microbial ecology through redox-mediated mechanisms. Our findings suggest that PAFYY may act on the microbiota-immune axis, with its electron-shuttling constituents contributing not only to direct cellular effects and antioxidant activity but also to modulation of the gut microbiome in ways that support antiviral immunity and attenuate inflammation. These results may inform future research into the mechanistic basis of medicinal herbs, while highlighting the potential of MFCs as a functional screening platform for identifying bioactive redox compounds. The anti-COVID-19 properties of PAFYY may be largely attributed to its electron-transport capabilities, mediated through electroactive compounds. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanistic basis of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, potentially enhancing their therapeutic application.

Abstract Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases (VBZDs) remain a critical global health challenge, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries and driving significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. This review synthesizes emerging evidence on nano-enabled smart drug delivery system (SDDS) within the One Health framework, emphasizing their role in advancing targeted therapy, controlled release, and theranostics for VBZD management. Nano-enabled platforms such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels, metal–organic frameworks, and biomimetic carriers are designed for stimuli-responsive and site-specific delivery, enhancing therapeutic precision, lowering dosing frequency, and reducing the risk of drug resistance. Controlled-release formulations of agents such as artemisinin derivatives, amphotericin B, and ivermectin have demonstrated superior efficacy in the treatment of malaria and leishmaniasis, and in vector control applications. Targeted delivery strategies extend beyond human therapies to address viral reservoirs, infected macrophages, and arthropod vectors, highlighting the cross-species applications central to One Health. Theranostic innovations combine imaging and therapy to enable early disease detection, real-time monitoring, and the design of adaptive treatment strategies. Applications span human, animal, and environmental domains, from nanovaccines and veterinary antimicrobials to nanoparticle-based larvicides and biosensors for vector surveillance. Future directions underscore the integration of AI-driven nanodesign, scalable and eco-friendly synthesis, and harmonized regulatory frameworks to increase accessibility in resource-limited settings. Although clinical trials are limited, ongoing translational efforts indicate the transformative potential of nanomedicine in VBZD control. Ultimately, integrating nano-enabled SDDS into a One Health framework provides a sustainable and collaborative approach to reduce the global burden of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases.

The study examines how graduating multimedia students view their evolving professional identities in response to the emergence of generative AI. Through thematic analysis of in-depth interviews, key themes emerged: AI as a creative aid rather than replacement, fears of job displacement, the value of human emotion and authenticity, ethical concerns, and calls for educational reform. Findings reveal that students are actively redefining their roles, emphasizing adaptability, ethics, and uniquely human creativity. These insights contribute to understanding how emerging professionals navigate and negotiate their value within an AI-integrated creative landscape.

EduMechanic is a web-based e-learning system developed for mechanical students pursuing Automotive Servicing NC I under the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). It is intended to address auto mechanics' constraints in the educational sector, such as insufficient digital learning experience and a lack of online interactive activities. It also focuses on teaching the utilization process of various tools and diagnostic gadgets often used in automobile service and maintenance. In particular, the creation of EduMechanic enables students to interact and learn through 3-dimensional models of mechanic tools through the application of Preventive Maintenance Service (PMS). This study examines the system's design and implementation and evaluates the student outcomes from the system's usability. Results found that students who use the EDUMECHANIC e-learning system have proven to be a highly effective digital learning platform by integrating 3D interactive models in automotive education.

The rise of digital education platforms has reshaped the traditional learning environment, with information technology playing a key role in providing academic support beyond the classroom. This study introduces "EmpowerED", a peer-to-peer learning and advising platform developed for college students in a Philippine university. The platform integrates academic advising, peer tutoring, and life coaching, fostering a collaborative and technology-driven approach to student success. EmpowerED enables students to seek and provide tutoring services, offering a centralized repository for learning resources and real-time communication tools such as Zoom. The platform is designed using an iterative, prototype-based software methodology that emphasizes usability, accessibility, and efficient data management. Usability testing of the EmpowerED system was conducted with 30 participants, including students, peer tutors, academic advisors, life coaches, and CSA coordinators. The evaluation utilized tools such as the Single Ease Question (SEQ), System Usability Scale (SUS), and After-Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ), along with a stopwatch time study to assess system efficiency. Results from the SEQ revealed a mean score of 6.43, indicating that users found the system very easy to navigate. Additionally, the SUS results highlighted a strong user confidence in the system’s usability. The study concludes that EmpowerED is a comprehensive platform that effectively supports peer-assisted learning strategies, enhancing academic achievement and student engagement through technology integration.

IntroductionRapid antibody testing is a cornerstone in HIV case finding and management. Without tools for rapid detection and diagnosis of HIV infection, none of the downstream targets for linkage to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression in the HIV treatment cascade could be achieved. In the Philippines, oral HIV self-testing (HIVST) has not been adapted for use. Moreover, no study has been conducted to determine HIV testing preferences and acceptability of oral HIVST among Filipino men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). The protocol describes a mixed-method approach to evaluate HIV testing preferences and acceptability of oral HIVST vs currently available testing modalities among MSM and TGW in the Greater Manila Area and determine the factors underlying the participants’ selection of a testing modality.Methods and analysisThis study will use an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The initial phase will involve a cross-sectional survey with a pre/post questionnaire format design targeting 480 MSM and 478 TGW. A case study phase follows, with 80 in-depth interviews to provide more detailed qualitative insights. Quantitative data will be analysed using multinomial logistic regression models, while qualitative data will be examined using an inductive approach through thematic analysis. A narrative approach will synthesise the quantitative and qualitative findings for a unified interpretation and comprehensive understanding of the results.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB 2023-0579-01). The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and academic presentations at conferences.

PurposeTo compare the trueness of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based, manual, and global segmentation protocols by superimposing the resulting segmented 3D models onto reference gold standard surface scan models.Materials and MethodsTwelve dry human mandibles were used. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner was used to scan the mandibles, and the acquired digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) files were segmented using three protocols: global thresholding, manual, and AI‐based segmentation (Diagnocat; Diagnocat, San Francisco, CA). The segmented files were exported as study 3D models. A structured light surface scanner (GoSCAN Spark; Creaform 3D, Levis, Canada) was used to scan all mandibles, and the resulting reference 3D models were exported. The study 3D models were compared with the respective reference 3D models by using a mesh comparison software (Geomagic Design X; 3D Systems Inc, Rock Hill, SC). Root mean square (RMS) error values were recorded to measure the magnitude of deviation (trueness), and color maps were obtained to visualize the differences. Comparisons of the trueness of three segmentation methods for differences in RMS were made using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). A two‐sided 5% significance level was used for all tests in the software program.ResultsAI‐based segmentations had significantly higher RMS values than manual segmentations for the entire mandible (p < 0.001), alveolar process (p < 0.001), and body of the mandible (p < 0.001). AI‐based segmentations had significantly lower RMS values than manual segmentations for the condyles (p = 0.018) and ramus (p = 0.013). No significant differences were found between the AI‐based and manual segmentations for the coronoid process (p = 0.275), symphysis (p = 0.346), and angle of the mandible (p = 0.344). Global thresholding had significantly higher RMS values than manual segmentations for the alveolus (p < 0.001), angle of the mandible (p < 0.001), body of the mandible (p < 0.001), condyles (p < 0.001), coronoid (p = 0.002), entire mandible (p < 0.001), ramus (p < 0.001), and symphysis (p < 0.001). Global thresholding had significantly higher RMS values than AI‐based segmentation for the alveolar process (p = 0.002), angle of the mandible (p < 0.001), body of the mandible (p < 0.001), condyles (p < 0.001), coronoid (p = 0.017), mandible (p < 0.001), ramus (p < 0.001), and symphysis (p < 0.001).ConclusionAI‐based segmentations produced lower RMS values, indicating truer 3D models, compared to global thresholding, and showed no significant differences in some areas compared to manual segmentation. Thus, AI‐based segmentation offers a level of segmentation trueness acceptable for use as an alternative to manual or global thresholding segmentation protocols.

This study examines how combining Philosophy for Children (P4C) and picture storybooks can reduce English learning anxiety and improve reading comprehension among Indonesian EFL students. Based on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and affective pedagogy, the approach addresses both emotional and cognitive aspects of learning. Using a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design, 121 fourth-semester English Department students were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received lessons that used philosophical dialogue and visual storytelling to encourage critical thinking and emotional involvement. Results showed that this approach significantly lowered students' anxiety and improved their reading comprehension and motivation. Qualitative data also revealed that students felt safer and more engaged, which helped them connect personally with the texts. The study shows that student-centered, interdisciplinary teaching can support both language learning and emotional well-being. It offers useful insights for EFL teachers and curriculum developers aiming to create more meaningful and supportive learning environments.

Menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) remains critically neglected in the Philippines despite its fundamental role in promoting the well-being, dignity, and empowerment of women and girls. This persistent lapse disproportionately impacts the well-being, education, and social mobility of women and girls across the country. Deep-rooted stigma, outdated land-use practices, and a lack of gender-sensitive planning have resulted in fragmented and inconsistent menstrual hygiene infrastructure. While promising initiatives—such as localized policies, educational campaigns, and innovative digital tools like period tracking apps—have begun to surface, these efforts remain isolated, lack scalability, and often face resistance from conservative sectors. This perspective article highlights the urgent need to mainstream MHH within the country’s public health and development frameworks. By institutionalizing gender-sensitive sanitation infrastructure, ensuring privacy and dignity in public spaces, and adopting inclusive tools such as the Menstrual-Friendly Public Toilet (MFPT) Toolkit, the Philippines can begin to dismantle systemic barriers in advancing access to MFPT. Tackling period poverty is an integral step towards building a more equitable and inclusive society for all.