University of Strathclyde

• Family imprisonment is one of ten recognised Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES). • Family imprisonment had profound impacts on children’s wellbeing over time. • Children articulated a range of emotions including grief, shock and confusion. • To ensure no child is overlooked, existing support pathways must be strengthened. Growing up in a household where a family member has spent time in prison is one of ten recognised Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). This qualitative longitudinal study aimed to understand how family imprisonment impacts on children and young people’s mental health, emotional wellbeing and familial relationships. Nineteen children and young people across Scotland and Northern England took part in up to three interviews over the course of one year. We discuss three themes: [1] navigating unfriendly complex systems; [2] distress, grief and trauma; [3] acceptance, normalisation and coping mechanisms. These themes illuminate the profound impact that family imprisonment had on all aspects of children and young people’s lives, particularly their emotional wellbeing. They concealed their circumstances due to fear of stigma; took on young carer roles within the family home; enacted their own distinct coping mechanisms to counter the continual uncertainty they faced and felt unsupported by professional agencies. Future research should focus on the experiences of those who do not maintain contact with their family member in prison, those further marginalised such as black and racially minoritised children and children living with disabilities and neurodivergence. Finally, further studies should interrogate existing support pathways designed for vulnerable children and young people to ensure those experiencing family imprisonment do not fall through gaps in current provision.

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate increasing capabilities in medical knowledge assessment, yet limitations remain in cross-population validation, direct human-AI comparisons, and evaluation of newer models in anesthesiology contexts. This study addresses these gaps by conducting a head-to-head comparison between newer LLMs and human examinees on official Israeli multiple-choice board examinations. We evaluated two LLMs (Claude 3.7 Sonnet and ChatGPT-4) against anonymized aggregate data from 381 examinees on three consecutive official Israeli anesthesiology board examinations (2023–2024), comprising 450 multiple-choice questions stratified by difficulty, discrimination ability, and topic. Each model was tested twice per exam. Claude 3.7 Sonnet achieved 73.67% accuracy, significantly outperforming both human examinees (62.77%, P < 0.001) and ChatGPT-4 (64.44%, P < 0.001). However, both LLMs performed below the upper quartile of human performance (78.05%). While LLMs excelled on easy questions and theoretical domains like cardiac physiology (Claude: 96.88%, ChatGPT-4: 81.25%), they showed lower performance in areas such as ambulatory (Claude: 30.00%, ChatGPT-4: 10.00%) and regional anesthesia (Claude: 44.44%, ChatGPT-4: 38.89%). Human examinees demonstrated consistent performance across all domains, whereas LLMs showed extreme variability. Self-consistency was substantial for both LLMs (κ = 0.66–0.68), but agreement with human responses was moderate (κ = 0.34–0.39). While advanced LLMs currently exceed average examinee performance on anesthesiology board examinations, they fall short of top-quartile examinees at present and demonstrate significant performance variability across different topic areas.

Abstract Urban forest inventories are vital for understanding the ecological and social functions of neighborhood-scale arboreal systems, especially in communities experiencing climate-related stress. This study integrates field sampling, community questionnaires, and high-resolution (1m x 1m) LiDAR data to establish a comprehensive urban tree inventory for the Chatham neighborhood in Chicago, a community historically burdened by flooding, noise pollution, heat vulnerability, and limited green space. Findings demonstrate that trees in Chatham are predominantly tall, with an average height of 19 meters, and that canopy coverage constitutes approximately 17% of the neighborhood, higher than previous city estimates but still considerably below the recommended 40% urban canopy benchmark. Field assessments further indicate that crown vigor, as well as the health of leaves, trunks, twigs, and other woody components (including bark and branches), are adversely affected, suggesting substantial biotic and abiotic stress factors, which underscores the need for proactive urban forest management like regular tree inspections, inventories, removal or pruning of dead branches, and effective storm preparedness and emergency response. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of targeted planting initiatives in areas with sparse tree cover and of implementing neighborhood-specific greening strategies to enhance climate resilience.

Reliable video transmission over error-prone channels remains a significant challenge due to the inherent trade-off between compression efficiency and noise resilience in conventional systems. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel quantum Fourier transform (QFT)-based framework that integrates video compression and transmission within a unified quantum frequency-domain representation. The framework converts video data into a classical bitstream and maps it onto multi-qubit quantum states with variable encoding sizes (n), enabling flexible control over compression levels. Through the application of the QFT, these states are transformed into the frequency domain, where only selected coefficients are transmitted to reduce bandwidth requirements. At the receiver, the transmitted components are used to reconstruct the full representation, followed by inverse transformation and decoding to recover the video sequence. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and video multi-method assessment fusion (VMAF). The results demonstrate that increasing the number of qubits enables exponential compression, achieving ratios up to 2n:1, while maintaining high reconstruction quality under ideal transmission conditions. However, higher-qubit configurations exhibit increased sensitivity to channel noise, leading to a more rapid degradation as the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. In contrast, lower-qubit configurations provide improved robustness, maintaining more stable reconstruction quality under noisy conditions, albeit with reduced compression efficiency. Among the evaluated configurations, the two-qubit system achieves an effective trade-off, providing a compression ratio of 4:1 while maintaining strong visual and structural fidelity along with enhanced resilience to channel impairments.

Introduction. All types of libraries have a key role to play within the sustainability agenda. This paper mapped the main activities of legal deposit libraries in the UK to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to reveal how these libraries contribute to the sustainability agenda. Method. A list of activities of legal deposit libraries was defined from a review of the literature. A mapping exercise was carried out to align these activities with corresponding SDG targets using the global indicator framework. Analysis. Activities with direct and indirect contributions were identified and simple quantitative analysis reported on the extent to which legal deposit libraries help meet the goals and targets. Results. The data shows that legal deposit libraries contribute directly to 12 of the goals, through 18 targets. They contribute indirectly to all 17 goals, through 71 targets. Overall LDLs relate to 89 specific targets, supporting progress in 53% of the targets and 100% of the goals. Conclusion. Legal deposit libraries contribute significantly to the SDGs, mostly through providing access to data, information, and resources, through supporting research, and preserving culture and knowledge.

.The collection of research papers under this RT aims to provide a unique platform for both doctoral and postdoctoral researchers, as well as their supervisors and collaborators, to present excellent research outcomes in the subject field of construction management. This RT is therefore open to all academics and professionals who have been making the best endeavors for outstanding doctoral research in construction management. Issues under this RT should relate to all theoretical and practical developments of construction management. An annual collection of published papers under this RT helps to form an ebook series on the same topic to stimulate discovery and innovation among doctoral researchers around the world.Papers published within this topical collection are eligible for the Frontiers Best Doctoral Research Award for Construction Management. The winner of this award, as adjudicated by Frontiers and the RT editors of this collection, will receive a certificate and a prize equivalent to about $2000 in the form of a full waiver for a free Open Access publication in Frontiers in Built Environment. This RT is supported by the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB)one of the most influential professional body for construction management around the worldon the "CIOB Award for Outstanding Doctoral Research Contributions to Construction Management".This RT has achieved the first volume of topical collection consisting of ten full-length papers by PhD candidates, their supervisors and collaborators. These papers are contributions from 27 authors (See Table 1). A brief introduction about these published papers is given below to readers. for decentralizing decision-making in Takt production). The outcomes from research described in this paper have both theoretical and practical implications for enhanced decision making support in construction process management. .Table 2 gives a summary of these ten papers with regard to their contributions through research to the Construction Management Body of Knowledge (CMBOK) (Chen, 2019) in related domains.TABLE 2: A reflection on research contributions.Special thanks to three academic colleagues, including Yongkui Li at Tongji University in China, Samad Sepasgozar at the University of New South Wales in Australia, and Søren Wandahl at Aarhus University in Denmark, for their time and strong supports as Handling Editor in the peer review process when the editors were not available. The Construction Management section of Frontiers in Built Environment has their continuous supports as Associate Editor.The editors are grateful to colleagues at Frontiers for their professional supports to launch this research topic, invite participants, coordinate peer reviews, and produce publications.This RT is strongly supported by the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) for the CIOB Award for Outstanding Doctoral Research Contributions to Construction Management. The editors are grateful to Lynne McKay, Regional Manager Scotland at the CIOB, for the establishment of this new academic award to encourage doctoral research in construction management around the world. Special thanks to Wilma Marshall at the CIOB for coordinating this unique award.

This paper argues that digital identity in AI-mediated environments has become a central mechanism through which contemporary societies organise recognition, participation, and belonging. Digital identity is no longer simply a technical representation of the individual. It is produced through infrastructural processes of classification, ranking, and credibility signalling that determine who becomes visible, who is treated as legitimate, and who is able to participate meaningfully in social and civic life. The paper develops a conceptual framework that treats AI-driven platforms as social infrastructures rather than neutral intermediaries. It shows how identity is inferred through data-driven systems rather than negotiated through social interaction, how recognition is operationalised through visibility and credibility metrics rather than ethical judgement, and how participation becomes conditional on algorithmic allocation of attention rather than guaranteed by access alone. Visibility is identified as the key conversion point through which inferred identity becomes social consequence. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature, the analysis demonstrates that misrecognition, exclusion, and inequality in platform environments are not primarily the result of isolated error or intentional bias. They are patterned outcomes of ordinary optimisation processes that distribute legitimacy and opportunity unevenly across social groups. These dynamics reshape group formation, harden social boundaries, and concentrate risk among populations that are already more vulnerable to misrecognition and reduced contestability. The paper concludes that governing digital identity is a societal challenge rather than a purely technical one. As platforms increasingly perform institutional functions without equivalent accountability, digital identity governance becomes a critical site of social ordering. Addressing this challenge requires public standards for how visibility, recognition, and participation are allocated, meaningful avenues for contestation, and protections against the normalisation of stratified belonging in AI-mediated societies.

Preserving human dignity is a core principle in both health and social care practice. However, the concept of dignity in care using a human rights-based approach has received limited emphasis on healthcare education. To address this gap, a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), Dignispace, was co-designed with nursing students from two Scottish universities and interdisciplinary expertise, including human rights law. The MOOC is grounded in a human rights-based approach structured around a set of principles known as PANEL—Participation, Accountability, Non-discrimination and Equality, Empowerment, and Legality—which provide the overarching framework for promoting dignity in care. This study evaluated learners’ experiences and learning outcomes through analysis of survey responses and comments from MOOC discussion forums. Both quantitative and qualitative data indicated high levels of satisfaction with the course. Dignispace was also found to enhance participants’ knowledge and foster intentions for behavioural change. These findings support the course’s value and effectiveness in advancing dignity-focused education in healthcare. Future research and implementation efforts should prioritise adapting the course to diverse cultural and legal contexts and strengthening policy and institutional support to translate learning into sustained practice change.