University of Yangon

The 2025 Mw 7.8 Myanmar earthquake produced one of the longest continental strike-slip ruptures ever recorded. Expanding beyond a known seismic gap, it struck a densely populated region with vulnerable infrastructure. Study of this earthquake is hampered by limited seismic data coverage, yet uniquely informed by exceptional CCTV footage, a near-fault station, and comprehensive satellite geodetic imagery.To understand the earthquake’s dynamics, we explore hundreds of 3‑D dynamic rupture simulations, all informed by a static slip model on a helix‑shaped fault geometry, which we geodetically inferred from Sentinel-1A/2 and ALOS-2 satellite data. Exploring various fault friction‑initial stress combinations, we identify a family of models characterized by near-critical prestress, low strength drop, and short slip‑weakening distances proportional to slip. These unexpected dynamic parameters are required to reconcile the inferred fast rupture speed with the low crustal wave velocities and the low inferred stress drop of the event. These preferred dynamic rupture models can explain space‑geodetic fault offsets, CCTV‑derived on‑fault slip‑rates, teleseismic waveforms and back-projection, and a near‑fault strong‑motion record. They spontaneously initiate unilateral supershear rupture shortly after nucleation, predominantly propagating at supershear speeds southward within a deep band. In contrast, shallow rupture, although driven by the underlying faster supershear rupture, remains sub‑shear, causing strong curvature of the rupture front. This depth‑dependent rupture speed reconciles the fast average rupture speed imaged by teleseismic back‑projection and confirmed by the early S‑wave onset at station NPW, and the subshear pulse-like phase captured by CCTV. Our dynamic rupture models imply low fracture energy, characteristic of a structurally mature, clay‑rich fault zone, potentially facilitated by hydrothermal alteration and elevated pore-fluid pressure. Additional rupture models incorporating bimaterial effects show that while a bimaterial contrast may explain the subshear–supershear dichotomy between northward- and southward-propagating rupture, such a contrast is inconsistent with the NPW record, suggesting that bimaterial conditions were likely localized. Our results demonstrate that dynamic rupture ensembles informed from a static slip model and validated by interdisciplinary observations can offer a physically grounded route for earthquake characterization, complementary to kinematic modeling. Our results indicate that the Myanmar earthquake was critically influenced by spatial variations in frictional properties and fault stress across low-fracture-energy faults with important implications for assessing seismic hazard of major strike-slip faults.

In the Indo-Burma subduction zone the subducted and hanging-wall lithospheres interact strongly with the asthenosphere due to India-Asia plate convergence. Imaging the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is therefore crucial for an in-depth understanding of the convergence process. Our Sp receiver function (RF) images built with dense array data reveal a regionally shallow LAB at an average depth of ~70 km, except beneath the Indo-Burma Ranges, where the Indian LAB dips eastward at an average of ~20° down to ~140 km; this dipping geometry is resolved primarily through SKS-derived RFs. Farther east, a positive velocity gradient emerges ~50-80 km beneath the Burma LAB, together they define an upper-asthenospheric low-velocity layer. Waveform modeling further indicates a sharp LAB, characterized by a Vs drop up to ~6-10% over <~20 km. Our RF results support a melt-rich LAB, potentially linked to the asthenospheric flow induced by the Indian plate subduction and subsequent rollback and/or tearing.

IntroductionIn Myanmar, there are significant disparities in the delivery of immunisation services and barriers to service accessibility, particularly in border regions, conflict-affected areas, physically and geographically hard-to-reach areas, urban slums and migratory populations. The study aimed to explore the predictors for complete immunisation among 18-month to 24-month-old children in the urban slum area of Hlaingthayar Township, Yangon Region, Myanmar.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from 21 to 25 July 2018. A total of 298 mothers of 18-month to 24-month-old children were recruited from the urban slum areas under five randomly selected wards by applying the cluster sampling method. Multiple binary logistic regression was performed to explore the predictors for complete immunisation. A significance level of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of a total of 298 children, 120 (40.3%) children were completely immunised, and the immunisation coverages ranged from 52.7% for the second dose of measles-rubella vaccine to 81.9% for the first dose of oral polio vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression model revealed that mothers having university and above education (AOR=2.65, 95% CI 1.07 to 6.56), mothers with permanent residency (AOR=2.19, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.15), primiparous mothers (AOR=1.76, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.95), mothers with medium knowledge (AOR=2.38, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.30) and high knowledge about childhood immunisation (AOR=5.89, 95% CI 2.23 to 15.60), and mothers with positive perception of childhood immunisation (AOR=2.26, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.85) were the significant predictors for complete immunisation among children.ConclusionThe proportion of complete immunisation was low, and associated with maternal education, residency, parity, knowledge and perception of childhood immunisation. Having a comprehensive understanding of these predictors will facilitate the government and other relevant stakeholders to establish effective strategies promoting access to immunisation services among the urban slum communities in Myanmar.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with single- and odd-numbered layers is a novel piezocatalyst, and its piezocatalytic molecular oxygen activation is considered a promising and low-cost strategy for environmental remediation.

&lt;p&gt;This research explains into the challenges posed by the increasing utilization of Chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) in educational settings and proposes solutions to mitigate its potential negative impacts. The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence, exemplified by ChatGPT, in learning environments from elementary to higher education levels, raises concerns about its impact on critical thinking and reflection among students. Through a comprehensive literature review encompassing journals, scientific articles, news, and previous research, this study identifies the challenges associated with ChatGPT’s usage in education in the digital era. One significant challenge is the potential reduction in students’ ability to think critically and engage with reality due to overreliance on ChatGPT for assignments. Moreover, excessive dependence on ChatGPT risks diminishing the quality of human resources in education. To address these challenges, educators need to develop strategies to harness technological advancements effectively while fostering critical thinking skills in students. This research underscores the importance of equipping educators with the necessary skills to navigate the digital landscape and prevent academic dishonesty facilitated by ChatGPT.&lt;/p&gt;

Presentations in the form of Multimedia Presentation online can generate interest in students and help them understand the content to be communicated effectively, where the prezi program is a program that can create presentations in a modern style. and can be combined with programs in the management of many types of images and sounds, creating works that can be applied in various ways. The research objectives are 1) to find out whether the use of prezi software in making presentations is effective in elementary schools for the independent curriculum. 2) the effect of prezi software on student learning outcomes. 3) Obstacles in using prezi software. This research method uses quantitative methods, data obtained from google questionnaires from elementary school students. The results showed that prezi software was very influential on presentations in elementary schools as evidenced by student learning motivation. The conclusion of this research is that prezi software can be applied in presentations as evidenced by the results of research that the learning outcomes of elementary school students using prezi software increased by 80%.

Background:The implementation of hybrid learning is a learning method that refers to a learning method that combines or combines face-to-face and online-based learning. By implementing hybrid learning, it is possible for students who have limited infrastructure to study without coming to school. Research purposes:This research was conducted with the aim of determining the flexibility and quality of learning by implementing hybrid learning. Apart from that, it is also possible to find out about the learning experiences that have been produced through the hybrid learning process. Method:The method used in this research is a quantitative method.This method is a way of collecting numerical data that can be tested. Data was collected through distributing questionnaires addressed to students. Furthermore, the data that has been collected from the results of distributing the questionnaire will be accessible in Excel format which can then be processed using SPSS. Results:From the research results, it can be stated that the impact of implementing hybrid learning can help optimize the use of technology in education, so that learning materials can be developed that are more flexible and high quality, and teachers can choose appropriate teaching methods that suit student needs. Conclusion:From this research, it can be concluded that the impact of implementing hybrid learning can make it easier to carry out the learning process. Where the learning process is not only carried out face to face, but can be carried out online by utilizing existing technology

Rapid population increase, coupled with increasing urbanisation and industrialisation, is expected to create substantial demand for waste-to-energy (WtE) facilities in Indonesia. While the Indonesian government is working towards proper and economic handling of waste, there is a need to move beyond traditional incineration processes to more advanced WtE technologies in order to mitigate the adverse environmental impact. Along with this, a proper waste sorting system also needs to be established to improve the functioning of WtE facilities. However, challenges persist, including high capital costs, limited waste feedstock availability, and social acceptance concerns. Additionally, worries have been raised regarding the environmental and health impacts of WtE facilities, particularly their potential emissions of pollutants such as dioxins and furans. Overall, while WtE holds the potential to contribute to sustainable waste management and renewable energy development in Indonesia, careful planning and management are essential to ensure environmental, social, and economic sustainability. This study employs the Policy Effectiveness Assessment, guided by the Policy Implementation Theory, to evaluate WtE policies in Indonesia. By examining the intersection of environmental sustainability and socio-economic factors, the article aims to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of current WtE policies. Through combining environmental, socio-economic, and technological perspectives, the article strives to offer a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities, paving the way for informed policy decisions and sustainable waste management practices in the country.