Ural State Forestry Engineering University

In recent years, the Russian government has significantly increased its attention to activities in the youth policy sphere. To date, the legislative framework has been formed at the federal level, and the role of youth policy in universities is being purposefully increased. However, as practice shows, there is currently a conceptual gap in the university youth policy sphere due to the lack of a clear definition of this activity both in the rule-making sphere and among researchers. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze existing theoretical and practical approaches to youth policy, considering previous experience in educational activities in higher education institutions within the framework of defining the university youth policy concept. Various approaches to the youth policy definition in the scientific literature have been considered, the evolution of the perception of the youth sphere of activity within universities has been investigated, and the theoretical features of implementing youth policy at university have been studied. The author’s vision of the essential concept of university youth policy in the context of the strategic development of the higher education system has been proposed. This definition focuses on the importance of youth policy and includes key elements that contribute to improving the competitiveness of an educational organization.

Introduction. Evidence of the military unit of the Scythae Iustiniani has been preserved in papyrus documents of the 6th century from Thebais. The presented article is intended to answer the questions of when and for what purpose this military unit was created. Analysis. The prevailing opinion among researchers is that the Scythae Iustiniani originally consisted of captive Italian Ostrogoths who were deported by the Byzantine authorities to Egypt. Nevertheless, in Byzantine ethnography of the 6th century, Goths who lived in Western Europe could not be called “Scythians.” It may be asserted that the inhabitants of Thrace, where communities of barbarian immigrants lived in the 5th and 6th centuries, were enrolled into this numerus. The author suggests that its formation took place in 541. In this year, Emperor Justinian I sent Belisarius to the East with a large army. The task of the general was to fight the Iranian Great King Khosrow I Anushirvan, who had previously invaded Syria. New Byzantine military units that received the title Iustiniani were among the force subordinated to Belisarius. Results. The original personnel of the Scythae Iustiniani included soldiers who had previously served in the foederati detachments and took part in the wars in Mesopotamia, Africa, and Italy during 526–540. After the end of the hostilities that Belisarius led against the Persians in 541, several units from the army subordinated to him were sent to Thebais. Among them was the Scythae Iustiniani, for whom this province subsequently became a permanent base.

Introduction. The tradition of belt-making among the Ural Mari people represents a unique element of cultural heritage, possessing both practical and symbolic significance. The research problem lies in the insufficient study of how these craft traditions have transformed under the influence of geographical, socio-economic, and spiritual factors. Existing literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of the Ural Mari’s craft practices, which underscores the relevance of research in this field. The aim of this study is to determine the extent of transformation in the belt-making craft traditions of the Ural Mari people under the influence of geographical, socio-economic, and spiritual factors. Materials and Methods. In the course of the work, the ethnographic method was used in combination with a sociological survey technique, employed for data collection during field research. This included observation, interviews with practitioners of Mari craft traditions, photography, and video recording. The reconstructive and analytical approaches to the study made it possible to identify the distinctive features of weaving techniques among Mari artisans. Results and Discussion. The study results show that the Ural Mari people, isolated from their Volga region kin, have managed to preserve unique craft practices that remain a symbol of their cultural identity and worldview to this day. Traditions such as tablet weaving and loom weaving carry not only utilitarian but also profound symbolic meanings, reflecting the Mari people’s life cycle and spiritual beliefs. Conclusion. The article highlights the importance of preserving traditions in the context of globalization and cultural exchange, which pose risks to the survival of unique artisanal practices. Modern changes call for the integration of educational programs and community initiatives aimed at transmitting knowledge and engaging youth in traditional crafts. Recommendations are provided for organizing cultural events, workshops, and state support to ensure the sustainability of Mari cultural heritage. The study emphasizes the need to safeguard cultural constants, maintain ethnic identity, and preserve traditional crafts in the face of contemporary challenges.

Thrombosis is a major cause of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). The use of known antithrombin drugs is limited by the presence of side effects and complications. Peptides may be promising antithrombin agents. A peptide having the amino acid sequence QLSNGLFLFVDYLWW, designated as QW-13, was designed, synthesized, and used as a research object to evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm. The solid-phase Fmoc (SPPS) method, followed by purification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for synthesis. The molecular weight distribution of the peptide was estimated by mass spectrometry. Peptide identification was performed using the MALDI-TOF MS Ultraflex method. Mass spectra were analyzed using the Mascot program. To confirm the efficiency of the algorithm, the antithrombin effect of the peptide was studied, which was evaluated by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of human citrate blood plasma coagulation. A decision tree algorithm was developed to predict antithrombin activity and bioavailability of oral peptides. The top-down inductions of decision tree algorithms were used to create the algorithm. The decision tree is pruned if there is a mismatch in the peptide under study. Algorithm criteria or descriptors include amino acid sequence, number of amino acids, molecular weight, clinical potency, body distribution and metabolism index, plasma clearance, and half-life. According to the algorithm, if the result of "Antithrombin Peptide" is positive, it is concluded that it is bioavailable and effective for clinical use. To validate and evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm, a peptide containing antithrombin amino acid sequences was synthesized. The algorithm found the peptide to be antithrombin and bioavailable. The results of the biological activity of the peptide were confirmed in an in vitro experiment. Employing a decision tree method to assess the antithrombin activity and bioavailability of peptides can facilitate the development of effective oral peptides, hence minimizing the development time and the quantity of in vitro and in vivo studies required to validate efficacy.

The issues of obtaining composite finishing materials from soft-leaf wood with a texture imitating the texture of oak are considered. It has been revealed that our country is significantly lagging behind the profitability level of the timber industry and the profitability level of advanced industrialized countries. A condition has been formed for increasing the profitability of the timber industry by increasing the volume of processing soft hardwood and creating products with improved operational properties from it. The methods of manufacturing finishing composite materials from soft-leaved wood are analyzed, and it is proposed to use alternating sheets of peeled veneer of different breeds and colors, which ensures the formation of a pronounced texture. It is shown that the proposed import-substitution method provides the production of finishing materials from soft hardwood, imitating the texture of valuable hardwood wood. It is shown that the proposed import-substituting method provides the manufacture of finishing materials from soft hardwood, imitating the texture of valuable hardwood wood. It is proved that, unlike foreign fine-line technology, veneer dyeing is not required, and this simplifies the technological process and improves the environment. It is shown that soft hardwood is used to a limited extent due to low strength parameters, which are determined by density. The effect of the bonding time; the thickness of the package and the temperature of the press plates on the density of samples according to the Box plan (B3) was studied. Statistical processing was carried out, graphical dependencies were constructed using computer programs PlanExp B-D13, Excel and SigmaPlot. A regression equation has been obtained that adequately describes the dependence of the density of decorative strips on the bonding conditions: the duration of pressing, the thickness of the veneer package, and the temperature of the press plates. The possibility of obtaining decorative slats from soft hardwood of increased density has been established. It was revealed that the pressing time and the thickness of the veneer package have the greatest effect on the target function, and the maximum density value of 830 kg/m3 is reached with a pressing duration of 8 minutes and a veneer package thickness of 13.5 mm. Considering that the cost of raw materials in the cost structure is about 30%, the use of this method will ensure a reduction in production costs in the manufacture of products. The method of manufacturing composite finishing materials proposed by the authors is economically advantageous: the cost of 1 m3 of oak raw materials is 70,000 rubles, the cost of 1 m3 of birch raw materials is 5,000 rubles.

This article explores the impact of vacuum treatment on wood impregnation with fire retardants, crucial in flame-proofing materials. Using a specialized vacuum unit, the study achieves deep and uniform penetration of fire retardants into the wood structure, superior to traditional methods. The study emphasizes the time and resource efficiency of vacuum processing for wood. Experimental research confirms the efficacy of vacuum impregnation in enhancing fire protection and extending fire retardant coating lifespan. Results indicate vacuum treatment effectively enhances wood fire resistance, offering new possibilities for safer structures and materials. Continued research may yield even better wood protection methods, reducing fire risk and preserving lives and property. © 2025 Author(s).

Among the nuclear fusion reactions of new elements, the simplest reaction refers to the capture of a proton p by the nucleus of the original element ZXA with the formation of the Z + 1YA+1 nucleus (Z and A are the charge and mass number of the element X). In the case of cold fusion, the occurrence of such a reaction is associated with the existence of quasi-neutron (p + e) states in which the proton is “escorted” by the electron e: ZXA + (p + e) ! Z + 1YA+1 + e. For example the synthesis of zinc from copper was established. It is important to note that the ratios of the proportions of synthesized isotopes in most cases should differ significantly from natural ratios, which would certainly confirm their artificial origin. The data of preliminary mass spectrometric measurements for the synthesis of zinc from copper, gallium from zinc, and rhenium from tungsten are consistent with this conclusion. However, for relatively heavy elements, the masses of daughter atoms with Z + 1YA+1 nuclei are difficult to distinguish from the masses of hydride complexes of parent atoms with ZXA nuclei and hydrogen atoms H formed in the course of mass spectrometric measurements. In this regard, the problem of estimating the contributions of daughter atoms and hydride complexes is topical. The solution of this problem was carried out for the case of silicon synthesis from aluminum. In an air environment with water vapor, an electric arc was ignited between an aluminum anode and a tungsten cathode. Aluminum has one stable isotope 13Al27; therefore, the synthesis of only one of the three stable silicon isotopes 14Si28 was expected, which was observed in the mass spectrum of the powder formed on the anode surface (peak at ⇡ 27.977 a.m.u.). The AlH complex corresponds to a peak at ⇡ 27.989 a.m.u. This peak has a height approximately 2.5 times less than the height of the peak for the mass distribution of silicon atoms. Thus, the relatively low intensity for the mass distribution of the AlH complex suggests that it is the isotope ratios of the synthesized daughter nuclei that make the main contributions to the observed isotope mass ratios in the cases of parent atoms having several stable isotopes.

Discovered in 2008 by T.Ogoshi and co-workers, pillararenes have already attracted much attention due to their highly organized rigid structure and electron-rich cavity capable of accommodating various cationic and neutral guests. Pillararenes are successfully used in supramolecular tectons, liquid crystals, porous materials, organic-inorganic hybrid systems, drug delivery systems and, most importantly, in various metal-supported or metal-free catalytic systems. The current review highlights the most representative examples of the use of pillararenes for the catalytic applications. In particular, the metal-free pillararene-based catalytic systems for the Knoevenagel condensation reactions as well as supramolecular artificial enzymes and phase transfer catalysts will be analyzed. Among the metal-based catalysts the pillararene-supported catalysts for C–C-coupling reactions, including asymmetric or cycloaddition reactions, as well as pillararene-supported nanoparticles or polyoxometalates will be analyzed. Particular attention will be paid to pillararene-mediated photocatalytic reactions. <br> The bibliography includes 151 references.

Представлены результаты комплексных полевых и лабораторных методов агролесомелиоративных исследований почв реликтовых боров Челябинской области. Различия генетических особенностей почв ленточного Карагайского и островного Кичигинского боров показаны в морфологических признаках, свойствах и особенностях реликтового почвообразования. В этих почвах– боровых песках проявляются признаки элювиальных процессов и формирование горизонтов А1А2 (AY) и А2В (BEL), нехарактерных для современных условий почвообразования в степной зоне. Эволюционные особенности почв представленных боров отражены в их структурном состоянии. Дана сравнительная оценки их агрегатного состава и зональных почв прилегающих территорий. Показано, что почвы боров, сформированные на легких почвообразующих породах с низким содержанием физической глины и гумусовых веществ, являются эрозионно опасными. В их структурном составе при сухом просеивании агрегаты менее 2 мм, неустойчивые к ветровой эрозии, преобладают и достигают 76–78 %. Агрегаты, устойчивые к водной эрозии, составляют всего 8–11 % в Карагайском и 4–7 % в Кичигинском борах. Зональные черноземные почвы прилегающих к борам угодий в настоящее время обладают противоэрозионным агрегатным составом. Однако высокая антропогенная нагрузка на реликтовые боры, особенно Кичигинский, и прилегающие к ним ландшафты ведет к деградации их почвенного покрова. В таких условиях лесостепи и степи показано особое влияние лесных массивов ленточных и островных боров на предотвращение развития водной и ветровой эрозии прежде всего их почв, а также на сохранение почв прилегающих угодий. The results of complex field and laboratory methods of agroforestry and reclamation research of soils of relict pine forests of the Chelyabinsk region are presented. Differences of genetic features of soils of ribbon Karagayskiy and island Kichiginskiy bogs are shown in morphological features, properties and peculiarities of relict soil formation. These soils – hog sands – show signs of eluvial processes and formation of horizons A1A2 (AY) and A2B (BEL), not typical for modern conditions of soil formation in the steppe zone. Evolutionary peculiarities of soils of the presented bogs are reflected in their structural state. Comparative estimation of their aggregate composition and zonal soils of adjacent territories is given. It is shown that soils of bogs formed on light soil-forming rocks with low content of physical clay and humus substances are erosion-hazardous. In their structural composition at dry sieving aggregates less than 2 mm, not resistant to wind erosion, prevail and reach 76–78 %. Aggregates resistant to water erosion are only 8–11 % in the Karagai and 4–7 % in the Kichigin bogs. Zonal chernozem soils of the lands adjacent to the boras currently have anti-erosion aggregate composition. However, high anthropogenic load on the relic boras, especially Kichiginsky, and adjacent landscapes leads to degradation of their soil cover. In such conditions of forest-steppe and steppe, it is shown the special influence of forest massifs of ribbon and island hogs on prevention of water and wind erosion development, first of all, of their soils, as well as on preservation of soils of adjacent lands.

Relevance. Problems of the sustainability of national economic systems continue to remain relevant for a long time. States continue to interact on climate agendas and environmental topics in a tense geopolitical situation. Expanding the implementation of carbon footprint reduction technologies is becoming a prerequisite for partnerships and entry into new international markets for the supply of products and services. National priorities of states today are moving closer together due to the growing climate crisis, which dictates the need to intensify work on the implementation of ESG projects. The purpose of the study was to analyze the current state of the movement to reduce the carbon footprint and the results of the implementation of declared initiatives within the framework of international agreements. Objectives. The article set and consistently solved the following tasks: a review of the current state of climate change in the environment and the impact of declining environmental quality on the health and longevity of the population was carried out, an assessment was made of the sectoral contribution of various sectors of the economy to the formation and accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, an assessment of modern compensation carbon impact tools. Methodology. The work used methods of logical analysis, content analysis, statistical analysis of data on emissions and inputs, graphical and horizontal analysis, generalization and systematization of data. Results. An assessment of the current state of this problem made it possible to summarize the conclusions and results of research on this topic and to identify the main national priorities related to the implementation of strategies for switching to renewable energy sources. Conclusions. The article provides an overview of the level of implementation of resource-saving technologies in various sectors of the Russian national economy. Conclusions are drawn about the need to continue the environmental modernization of the national economic system and expand interstate cooperation on climate change issues and a sustainable energy transition to resource-saving technologies.