Ural State University of Physical Culture

The article considers the current problem of using skipping as an eff ective means of physical and jumping fi tness of senior preschool children. The purpose of the study was to theoretically develop and substantiate an experimental additional general developmental program of physical education and sports focus «Skipping for Preschoolers». The article presents a brief description of the experimental program, plans the educational material for a year with complications, provides the main basic exercises for teaching children to jump without a rope and with the use of a rope, a neuro-rope, a gymnastic hoop. The features and stages of work on the use of a neuro-rope (kinesiological simulator) in the physical training of senior preschool children are revealed. The identifi ed positive dynamics of the increase in the indicators of general physical and jumping fi tness of girls aged 6-7 years are shown.

State University of Physical Culture» is presented on the issue of the relevance of organizing and conducting a permanent scientifi c and practical seminar «Eff ective Mentor», as a relevant form of academic mentoring and professional development and development of specialists in the fi eld of physical culture and sports. In order to obtain feedback, a survey was conducted of the participants of the scientifi c seminar, whose share was 58.0% of all those present at the scientifi c and practical seminar. An analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of seminar participants showed a high degree of satisfaction among specialists in the fi eld of physical culture and sports (on a 5-point rating scale) with the quality of the organization and conduct of the scientifi c seminar as an eff ective form of academic mentoring.

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of blood flow restriction strength training on the indicators of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, randomized controlled trial based on CONSORT guidelines and in accordance with the TIDieR checklist, assessment of anthropometry, biochemical blood analysis, bioimpedance measurement, methods of statistical processing. Research results and conclusions. It has been established that low-intensity resistance training combined with blood flow restriction, as well as high-intensity strength training, contributes to an increase in appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men with metabolic syndrome.

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is defined as a pathological condition characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance is hypothesized to underlie metabolic syndrome. Modern studies, including Mendelian randomization, have demonstrated that muscle strength and muscle mass may play an important role in the mechanisms of insulin resistance. Aim. To establish the relationship between relative upper limb muscle strength and triglyceride/glucose index, and to evaluate the effects of different resistance exercise regimens on alternative measures of insulin resistance in men with metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods. At the first stage of the study, 216 men aged from 25 to 50 years were examined. The relative muscle strength of the upper limbs in the bench press exercise and the triglyceride/glucose index were assessed. At the second stage, a randomized controlled trial was conducted, for which 60 men who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Men with metabolic syndrome were divided into three groups: low-intensity strength training with blood flow restriction (n = 20), high-intensity strength training (n = 20), low-intensity strength training without blood flow restriction (n = 20). Training was carried out 2 times a week for 12 weeks. Before and after the study, the triglycerides/glucose index, the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoproteins, and the combination of the triglycerides/glucose index with body mass index were assessed. Results and discussion. It was found that the relative muscle strength of the upper limbs was inversely proportional to the triglycerides/glucose index (r = –0.52; p 0.05) in the examined men. After 12 weeks of resistance training, statistically significant reductions in triglyceride/glucose index, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and triglyceride/glucose index/body mass index combination were found for the low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction and high-intensity resistance training groups (both, p 0,01). Changes in body composition, an increase in the proportion of muscle fibers I and IIa and a decrease in the proportion of muscle fibers IIx, an increase in the activity of glucose transporters, and a decrease in systemic inflammation are the main potential mechanisms for the beneficial effects of resistance training, including in combination with blood flow restriction, on insulin resistance in men with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion. There is an inverse relationship between muscle strength and triglycerides/glucose index; resistance training is an effective and safe tool for reducing alternative indicators of insulin resistance and can be included in comprehensive correction programs for men with metabolic syndrome.

The authors have revealed the problematics of professional communications in fi tness and their role in the formation of professional competence of a fi tness industry specialist. In the course of the research the aspects of client-oriented in-terpersonal communication in the conditions of a fi tness club are considered. The substantiation and specifi cation of the main approaches to the development of professional-communicative skills in the context of corporate training programs are presented. Practical recommendations for the development of professional-communicative skills of trainers that can be used in the framework of corporate training are given.

This article discusses the results of a study on the use of a set of jumping exercises aimed at developing speed-strength qualities, performed with the aim of developing speed-strength qualities of qualified athletes 15-17 years old triple jumpers with a running start. Testing was carried out to determine the speed and strength qualities of track and field athletes specializing in the running triple jump. This makes it possible, based on the data obtained, to develop a training program for triple jumpers and optimize their preparation to achieve maximum results.

Aanneemgedrag van werkgevers omtrent mensen met een beperking begrijpen en veranderen Mensen met een beperking worden vaak niet aangenomen. Beleidsmaatregelen proberen hierop in te spelen. Maar pakken deze maatregelen de juiste oorzaken aan? In dit artikel geven wij aan de hand van een literatuurstudie een overzicht van de capaciteiten, mogelijkheden en motivaties die werkgevers nodig hebben om mensen met een beperking aan te nemen. Daarnaast testen we met een vragenlijst welke beleidsmaatregelen draagvlak genieten onder werkgevers.Onze literatuurstudie toonde aan dat de drie meest genoemde barrières voor werkgevers waren (1) het idee dat mensen met een beperking niet productief zijn, (2) dat zij veel geld kosten en (3) een gebrek aan kennis over beperkingen onder werkgevers. De drie meest besproken stimulansen waren (1) pro-sociale motivatie, (2) werken binnen een grote organisatie en (3) het verwachten van een concurrentievoordeel. Uit onze vragenlijst bleek dat een training over de omgang met mensen met een beperking en proefplaatsingen als het meest positief werden gezien.

In modern society, communication on the Internet has completely changed the scenarios of human communication and education. Social networks provide access to information and global exchange of it, which poses new challenges to pedagogy as a science about the purpose and content of education. Internet pedagogy as a field of study and research activity explores the problems of the importance of the Internet for education and self-education, identifying the main forms of online learning, the relationship between the educational potential of the Internet and its actual use, the advantages and disadvantages of what users share online and what they learn with it. 
 Aim. To identify the attitude of students to education in social networks to confirm the relevance of microlearning and mobile learning as challenges to the transformation of the communication environment of modern education.
 Methodology and research methods. To conduct the study, a questionnaire was developed, distributed using Google Forms. 466 university students from Chelyabinsk took part in the study. The sample type is spontaneous. The sampling contour is formed by registered users who have shown interest in this Internet survey. The mechanism for selecting respondents is self-selection.
 Results. The communication environment of modern education is undergoing transformation, education with social networks is becoming more and more popular. The Russian market of educational services is not yet so acutely reacting to these transformations. We can predict that microlearning and mobile learning will become a serious alternative to the traditional educational environment in the coming years. 
 Scientific novelty. Analysis of the transformation of the communication environment of modern education allowed us to identify new trends - microlearning and mobile learning. 
 Practical significance. The identified trends will help the educational environment to prepare adequate responses to the identified challenges.

An elite athlete’s status is associated with a multifactorial phenotype depending on many environmental and genetic factors. Of course, the peculiarities of the structure and function of skeletal muscles are among the most important characteristics in the context of athletic performance. Purpose: To study the associations of SNV rs1815739 (C577T or R577X) allelic variants and genotypes of the ACTN3 gene with qualification and competitive distance in Caucasian athletes of the Southern Urals. Methods: A total of 126 people of European origin who lived in the Southern Urals region took part in this study. The first group included 76 cyclical sports athletes (speed skating, running disciplines in track-and-field): SD (short distances) subgroup—40 sprinters (mean 22.1 ± 2.4 y.o.); LD (long distances) subgroup—36 stayer athletes (mean 22.6 ± 2.7 y.o.). The control group consisted of 50 healthy nonathletes (mean 21.4 ± 2.7 y.o.). We used the Step One Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, USA) device for real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The frequency of the major allele R was significantly higher in the SD subgroup compared to the control subgroup (80% vs. 64%; p-value = 0.04). However, we did not find any significant differences in the frequency of the R allele between the athletes of the SD subgroup and the LD subgroup (80% vs. 59.7%, respectively; p-value > 0.05). The frequency of the X allele was lower in the SD subgroup compared to the LD subgroup (20% vs. 40.3%; p-value = 0.03). The frequency of homozygous genotype RR was higher in the SD subgroup compared to the control group (60.0% vs. 34%; p-value = 0.04). The R allele was associated with competitive distance in the SD group athletes compared to those of the control group (OR = 2.45 (95% CI: 1.02–5.87)). The X allele was associated with competitive distance in the LD subgroup compared to the SD subgroup (OR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.09–6.68)). Conclusions: Multiplicative and additive inheritance models demonstrated that high athletic performance for sprinters was associated with the homozygous dominant genotype 577RR in cyclical sports athletes of Caucasian origin in the Southern Urals.

The modern lifestyle of young people is reflected in the state of hearing. Using gadgets and listening to loud music leads to the early development of hearing loss. The purpose of the study is to assess the condition of the auditory analyzer in students. The results of our own research allowed us to identify the main factors leading to hearing loss and assess the condition of the auditory analyzer in 20 students aged 20-22 years. Data collection was carried out on the basis of comprehensive surveys, questionnaires and reports. To assess hearing, anamnesis was collected, external examination of the ear, palpation, otoscopy, whispering and colloquial speech, tests with tuning forks, tonal threshold audiometry at four typical frequencies. The results of the study of the condition of the auditory analyzer showed that in 10% of cases sulfur plugs were detected in the external auditory canal, in 5% of cases – the presence of scars and pathological color of the membrane. The study of auditory function revealed that in 20% of cases, whispered speech was detected from a distance of 4 meters, and not from 6. The values of air and bone conduction during the Rinne test in all cases did not reach the standard values, in 20% of cases the test on the right ear was negative, and on the left ear – in 10%. In Federici's experiment, it was revealed that in 15% of cases, bone conduction was higher than air. The results of the Weber test showed that in 45% of cases the sound was shifted and uneven. The data obtained using a high-frequency tuning fork 2048 showed that in 85% of cases, the air conductivity values of both the right and left ears were below normal values. The study of hearing acuity demonstrated that in 15% of cases the values reached the upper limit of the norm. The results of the questionnaire to identify the determining factors showed that 30% of students noticed hearing impairment. More than 50% of students answered that they often listen to loud music and use headphones. Thus, the main risk factors and the first signs of hearing loss in students were identified.