Uzhhorod National University

Accuracy and precision are key parameters in facial scanning within dentistry, as they determine the degree of correspondence between digital patient models and actual anatomical structures, as well as their suitability for diagnosis, treatment planning, implant fabrication, and postoperative evaluation. Achieving optimal scanning accuracy requires the application of advanced technologies combined with adherence to standardized procedural protocols. The accuracy and precision parameters of facial scanners largely depend on the device type, its technical characteristics, and the software used for data processing. The detailed influence of these factors is examined in the following sections. Objective: to analyze the current state of facial scanning technology in dentistry, outlining its historical development, operational mechanisms, and the available evidence regarding its applications and limitations within digital dentistry. Material and methods. Relevant publications related to the study topic were retrieved from scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, BVS, and SciELO, using the following keywords: facial scanner, dentistry, prosthodontics, virtual patient, maxillofacial prosthetics, accuracy. As a result, 84 relevant scientific publications were identified. The search depth covered the past five years, allowing for the analysis of the most current and significant data relevant to the study objective. The review included original research articles, study results, and official recommendations from medical associations. The inclusion criterion was the presence of positive outcomes in the investigated groups. The collected materials were analyzed in accordance with the principles of content analysis, followed by data systematization and classification using CADIMA software. Conclusions. Despite existing limitations related to scanning quality and software performance, three-dimensional facial scanners represent fast and non-invasive tools that can be effectively applied across various areas of dental practice. Facial scanners play an essential role in the digital workflow, providing facial records that enhance interdisciplinary communication, virtual articulation, smile design, and the diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea. In the future, facial scanning technology demonstrates significant potential for applications in craniofacial research, as well as in prosthetic diagnostics and dental treatment planning.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus and are frequently complicated by infection, which significantly increases the risk of hospitalization, lower-limb amputation, and mortality. Early and accurate detection of infection in DFUs is therefore critical; however, clinical assessment remains challenging and is largely based on subjective visual evaluation. Inter-observer variability, atypical inflammatory responses in patients with diabetes, and inconsistent wound documentation contribute to delayed or inaccurate diagnoses. In recent years, digital sound imaging combined with machine learning (ML) techniques has emerged as a promising adjunct to traditional clinical assessment. This review summarizes and critically evaluates recent advances in the application of ML for infection assessment in DFUs. We review image-based ML approaches designed to detect infection-related visual features, including erythema, purulent exudate, necrosis, and tissue discoloration, as well as models developed for ulcer classification, tissue segmentation, and longitudinal wound monitoring. In addition, we discuss the clinical utility of ML-assisted tools in telemedicine, remote monitoring, and decision support, particularly in community and resource-limited settings. Current limitations, including image variability, dataset bias, lack of standardized imaging protocols, and limited clinical validation, are also addressed. Overall, ML-based systems have demonstrated encouraging performance in identifying infection-associated patterns in DFU images and may help reduce diagnostic variability and support earlier clinical intervention. Nevertheless, further large-scale prospective studies, regulatory validation, and integration into clinical workflows are required before widespread adoption. Machine learning should be viewed as a supportive tool that complements, rather than replaces, clinical expertise in the management of diabetic foot infections.

Methylsulfonylmethane is a pharmacologically active compound that is widely used in mono- and combined pharmaceutical preparations to maintain the functional state of the musculoskeletal system. The development of promising anti-arthritic drugs requires proper analytical support, particularly the use of validated methods suitable for routine quality control in accordance with modern pharmaceutical requirements. The aim. The aim of the study was to develop and validate methods for the quantitative determination of methylsulfonylmethane in a combined medicinal product using gas chromatography with mass-selective detection (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and to compare their validation characteristics. Materials and methods. The object of the study was a combined medicinal product in the form of a powder containing methylsulfonylmethane, glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate sodium and excipients. The study was conducted using Shimadzu GC/MS GCMS-QP2020 EI and Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus AF gas chromatographs with a flame ionization detector using capillary columns of type 5MS and the external standard method. The validation of the methods was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine and ICH Q2(R1) recommendations. Results. Two methods for the identification and quantitative determination of methylsulfonylmethane by gas chromatography were developed. The retention time of MSM by the GC-MS method was 9.157 min in the reference solution and 9.163 min in the test solution, and by the GC-FID method - 8.456 and 8.442 min, respectively. The validation characteristics of the methods were confirmed in the range of 80–120% of the nominal content (0.32–0.48 mg/ml) with correlation coefficients r > 0.9981. The relative standard deviations did not exceed 0.42%, and the total analytical uncertainty met the pharmacopoeial acceptance criteria Conclusions. The proposed methods are accurate, reproducible and suitable for routine quality control of combination medicinal products containing methylsulfonylmethane

In this study, approaches to the development of interactive Java algorithms intended for dynamic visualization of parallel computational threads were considered. The proposed interactive Java algorithms give an opportunity to create visual graphical representations of parallel processes, their interactions, and data distribution. Within the framework of the research, the key approaches to visualization of parallel computational flows are analyzed, the peculiarities of the applied interactive components are estimated and the methods of integration with existing monitoring and debugging systems are considered. With the help of configurable visualization tools, developers and researchers can observe the evolution of computational threads, evaluate the performance of systems and timely react to changes in the structure of parallel tasks. Implementing algorithms on the Java platform ensures portability, broad applicability, and integration with existing frameworks for high-performance computing. The use of dynamic data structures, thread-safe collections, and parallelism mechanisms implemented in the language and standard libraries allows efficiently processing large amounts of data in real time. In addition, Java Virtual Machine provides profiling tools that can be directly applied to optimize the visualized processes.

Summary. The etiological factors of temporomandibular joint disorders are increasingly relevant; over the past decade, the number of publications on this topic has increased significantly. However, until now, the traumatic factor in the development of TMJ disorders has not been sufficiently covered due to complicated analysis and insufficient diagnostics. According to analytical data, mandibular fractures are the most common type of fractures of the facial bones, among which, according to leading scientists, fractures of the coronoid process of the mandible account for 19% to 35%, of which 84% of cases are unilateral fractures, and 16% are bilateral. The goal is to establish the significance of diagnosing fractures of the coronoid process of the mandible as an etiological factor of temporomandibular joint disorders. Materials and methods of the study. Fifty patients aged 12 to 72 years who presented with TMJ pain disorders and had previously undiagnosed and untreated mandibular coronoid fractures were selected. All patients underwent TMJ examination with cone-beam computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, followed by palpation (according to the M. Rocobano pain map) and deprogramming of the masticatory muscles (using the Cois or Dawson method). Results. During the study, the following options for visualization of old fractures were identified: 1) ideal adaptation—cases with a high risk of being undiagnosed, characterized by a complete or almost complete absence of the fracture line, determined by the specific shape of the articular head, patient interview data, and only at the initial stages of rehabilitation; requires extraordinarily high-quality diagnostics. 2) Optimal adaptation—the fracture line is well visualized, even after many years, has a restored cortical plate, and destructive changes in the structure of bone tissue are often present. 3) Low adaptation: the fracture line is well visualized, the cortical plate is destroyed, and destructive changes in the structure of bone tissue are present. Conclusions. It has been established that among patients presenting with temporomandibular joint disorders, 15% of patients have an old, undiagnosed injury, which is an etiological factor of TMJ disorders. Their treatment is complicated by the long duration of this pathology’s development. This indicates the need for mandatory diagnostic measures, in particular radiological examinations, in patients even with non-obvious signs of maxillofacial injuries at the initial presentation and in subsequent presentations with signs of TMJ disorders.