Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky

The object of the study is an informative sign of detecting ignition of materials in premises based on the assessment of the bispectrum of a dangerous parameter of the gas environment. The problem is to develop a strategy for using the bispectrum to determine an informative sign of detecting ignition of materials based on the observation of an arbitrary dangerous parameter of the gas environment in the premises. It is proposed to determine a new informative sign by a measure of the average degree of "order" for each frequency in the spectrum of dynamics of an arbitrary dangerous parameter of the gas environment at a fixed observation interval. The proposed informative sign was experimentally verified by studying the spectra of the average degree of “order” of the dynamics of the main dangerous parameters of the gas environment during the ignition of materials in a laboratory chamber. It was established that during the ignition of materials, the values of the average degree of “order” of the dynamics of temperature and carbon monoxide concentration for all studied frequencies of the spectrum are significantly reduced and do not exceed the value of 0.1. This indicates a loss of the average degree of “order” for all studied frequencies of the spectrum of dynamics of temperature and carbon monoxide concentration. At the same time, the value of the average degree of “order” of the dynamics of the specific optical density of smoke with respect to the studied frequencies does not change significantly. The obtained results are useful from a theoretical point of view by using the bispectrum for an informative sign of ignition and a measure of the average degree of “order” for an arbitrary dangerous parameter of the gas environment. The practical significance lies in the possibility of further improvement of existing fire protection of objects in order to prevent fires.

Hormonal regulation of plant physiological processes, including use of phytohormone-based drugs and modifiers of their activity, offers a sustainable approach to enhancing plant productivity. The aim of our work was to reveal the features of amaranth ontogenesis under the influence of auxin growth stimulants. We assessed the effects of indoleacetic, indolylbutyric, and naphthylacetic acids on germination processes, development, and productivity of amaranth plants. It was established that the use of growth stimulants increased the germination energy by 7-17%, seed germination of amaranth by 5-9%, and also promoted the development of more vigorous plants, 3-10% taller compared to the control, depending on the variety. The use of growth regulators contributed to the optimization of crop productivity, manifested in changes in the crop structure. These results demonstrate the efficacy of synthetic auxin analogs in enhancing the growth and yield of research amaranth varieties.

The object of this study is the histograms of increments in hazardous parameters of the gas environment in a leaky room in the absence and presence of fires of materials. The task of early detection of fires of materials in rooms was addressed. A methodology for determining the histograms of increments of arbitrary hazardous parameters based on samples of arbitrary size from controlled parameters was substantiated. A laboratory experiment was performed to identify the features of the histograms of increments of carbon monoxide concentration, specific optical density of smoke and temperature of the gas environment at intervals of reliable absence and occurrence of fires of alcohol, paper, wood, and textiles. The results indicate that hazardous parameters change over time non-stationarily and are of a complex nature. It was found that for the concentration of carbon monoxide, the specific optical density of smoke and the temperature of the gas medium in the interval of alcohol ignition, the number of modes of the histograms of increments is 9, 8, and 4, and the spread is 0–(+0.3), –0.07–(+0.09), and 0–(+0.32), respectively. When paper ignites, the histograms of increments of hazardous parameters have 10, 3, and 4 modes and the spread of increments is –0.06–(+0.21), ±(0.02), and –0.16–(+0.32), respectively. When wood ignites, the shape of the histogram of increments for the concentration of carbon monoxide is characterized by 4 modes and the spread is 0–(+0.09). The shape of the histograms of increments of the specific optical density of smoke and the temperature of the gas medium during the ignition of wood does not change significantly. The shape of the histogram of the increments of the carbon monoxide concentration during textile ignition is characterized by 3 modes and a spread of ±0.03, and the temperature – by two modes and a spread of 0–(+0.16). These features of the histograms could be used in practice as a sign of early detection of fires for their prompt extinguishing and prevention of fire evolution

Machine learning methods for clustering and classification are widely used in various domains. However, their performance and applicability may depend on the characteristics of the data and the problem. In this paper, we present an empirical comparison of several clustering and classification methods using WEKA, a free software for machine learning. We apply these methods to the data collected from surveys of students from different majors, aiming to detect the signs of Internet addiction (IA), a behavioural disorder caused by excessive Internet use. We use Expectation Maximization, Farthest First and K-Means for clustering, and AdaBoost, Bagging, Random Forest and Vote for classification. We evaluate the methods based on their accuracy, complexity and interpretability. We also describe the models developed by these methods and discuss their implications for identifying the respondents with IA symptoms and risk groups. The results show that these methods can be effectively used for clustering and classifying IA-related data. However, they have different strengths and limitations when choosing the best method for a specific task.

The purpose of the research was to develop a methodology of control and determine the indicators of integral assessment of competitive performance by various tactical game models of highly qualified football club teams. Material and methods. In the period of 2018-2023, 110 games of the leading European club teams and 46 games of the football team "Dynamo" (Kyiv) were analyzed with regard to the tactical models of the games "A", "B", "C", "D". Specific coefficients were determined in the phase of passing and possession of the ball, which constituted an integral assessment of competitive performance. The assessment of attacks and goalscoring situations, the realization of pressing, the effectiveness of players' interaction in the phase of picking up the ball, as well as the criteria of creativity and game combinations were taken into account. Results. An integral assessment methodology of the competitive performance of football club teams has been developed, consisting of 10 specific coefficients: high pressing coefficient; high pressing efficiency factor, low pressing efficiency factor, coefficient of ball picking efficiency, ball interceptions efficiency coefficient, penetration attack efficiency coefficient, successful penetration attack efficiency coefficient, goalscoring situation coefficient, the creativity and the combinability coefficients. The first five coefficients characterize the team's play in the phase of picking up the ball, the other five – in the phase of ball control on the field. The determined indicators of the integral assessment of the competitive performance of the leading European club teams according to different tactical models of the game are as follows: model "A" - 5.95±0.32 points; model "B" - 5.35±0.29 points; model "C" - 5.57±0.47 points; model "D" - 5.14±0.33 points. Conclusions. The integral assessment of competitive performance allows to provide effective control of interaction of players of a club football team in the phases of picking up and possession of the ball.

The article is devoted to the problem of developing musical abilities of younger schoolchildren in the process of instrumental music making. Today, reforms are actively taking place in the field of education, the purpose of which is the formation of a competitive, creative personality capable of self-determination, self-realization and self-improvement; promote his comprehensive development, talents, abilities, competences, creativity and curiosity. Therefore, a modern school should ensure the formation of such a personality, and an important role in the implementation of these tasks should be assigned to the art of music. The influence of instrumental music-making on the development of abilities, the formation and improvement of musical hearing and skills, emotional and conscious perception, expressiveness, improvisational development, a deep sense of music, aesthetic, patriotic and musical education of younger schoolchildren in modern education is considered. Attention is focused on finding ways to activate the development of musical abilities and constantly improving the methodology of musical education of younger schoolchildren in the process of various musical activities, and especially in the process of instrumental performance on elementary musical instruments. A certain number of elementary musical instruments are considered, both conventional (instruments without a certain pitch: sticks, bars, box, drum, tambourine, triangle, plates, brushes, spoons), and electronic (keyboard-electronic, instruments with non-fixed tuning). Methods of organizing training using such tools and their impact on the development of younger schoolchildren. The need and expediency of teaching younger schoolchildren to play musical instruments is determined. The focus is especially acute on modern musical instruments, such as: electric guitar, synthesizer, drums, etc. The effectiveness, efficiency, usefulness and perspective of using musical instruments in the process of education, training and activation of musical abilities of younger schoolchildren are revealed. Ways and methods of promoting the development of various musical abilities of younger schoolchildren through instrumental performance, such as: musical ear, technical skills, emotional perception, musical creativity, joint musical interaction, self-discipline, responsibility.

The relevance of researching the synergy of journalists’ acquisition of speech and social-communicative competences lies in the fact that the need to increase the level of speech and social-communicative competences has been brought to the forefront by new economic and social conditions. A high linguistic culture is very important both for a developed economy and for success in management, because, firstly, the solution of many management tasks is based on direct interaction of people in different situations. Second, interpersonal communication is the best way to discuss and solve problems that are characterized by uncertainty and ambiguity. The social task of the modern information society is to educate the younger generation, which is oriented in the field of mass media and “speaks” its language. For a young person of the 21st century, it is very important to know about the events and processes taking place in the world, country, city, to be able to analyze and evaluate these events and processes in order to have their own activity to form a position. The article explores the ways journalists acquire communicative competence; the need for functional and structural-educational models of mass communication means in the acquisition of speech and social-communicative competences by journalists is presented; professional social-communicative competence of journalistic activity is singled out; foundations of the synergy of journalists’ acquisition of speech and social-communicative competences are determined.

The article is devoted to the study of the national worldview's peculiarities on the material of names of airspace, celestial bodies and natural elements. The quantitative analysis of common and different meanings of the analyzed lexical units in Ukrainian, German, English and French relating to the person's characteristics in society is carried out. The greatest number of connotative meanings that characterize the behavior, features of character, appearance and a certain state of a person, show the lexemes water and fire. The lower item takes the use of the lexeme moon, and the lexemes sky and sun are in the last positions. Among the common and different meanings the common meanings prevail quantitatively. In the different meanings with national peculiarity the most belong to French. The use of each of the analyzed names in figurative meanings reveals the meanings with a positive and negative connotation, the meanings with negative connotation prevail. The obtained results are indicative of the importance of the analyzed names for different peoples.

The development of music therapy is a relevant topic for research, given that this phenomenon is still in its infancy in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the media use of music therapy in the contemporary socio-cultural space of Ukraine. The main research methods are comparison, analysis, synthesis, and specification. The main research tools are a survey based on Google Forms, interviews. The territorial scope of the study covers different regions of Ukraine. The experimental verification of the use of music therapy in the socio-cultural space of Ukraine took place in several stages: theoretical and methodological, experimental and generalized. In particular, at the first stage, the peculiarities of the interpretation of music therapy and other theoretical problems of its use in the socio-cultural space were identified. At the second stage (experimental), a scientific experiment was conducted to identify the key problems and prospects of using music therapy through the media in the socio-cultural space of Ukraine. At the third stage, the data obtained were compared with the results of other scholars, in particular, the peculiarities of using music therapy in Ukraine and other European countries were compared and summarized. The results describe the peculiarities of using media-based music therapy in Ukraine, identify the main tools of mass communication used by music therapists in Ukraine, characterize the main goals of media-based music therapy, and outline the main challenges of using media resources in the practice of music therapists in Ukraine. It is established that the introduction of music therapy has common and distinctive features in comparison with European countries. The conclusions emphasize the importance of music therapy in the modern socio-cultural space of Ukraine, and it is determined that music therapy continues to develop in view of the current demand for psychotherapists in Ukraine.

Thermal treatment of pesticide-contaminated soil is one of the effective methods of purifying soil from harmful pollution. Since pesticides have a harmful effect on humans and the environment, especially if they enter the body through food, there is a need to reduce their amount in the soil. Thermal treatment of soil contaminated with pesticides consists in raising the temperature of the soil to a certain level, which allows the destruction of pesticides and other harmful substances. The purpose of this work is to analyze the results of previously conducted studies using high-temperature processing and their conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the method. The review of research was conducted on the basis of the criteria for the effectiveness of thermal treatment and its potential use for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils. Recent research shows that thermal treatment of pesticide-contaminated soil can be a self- sufficient and simple method of soil purification. However, further research is needed in this area to improve methodology, techniques and environmental safety development regarding post-procedural soil behavior and waste disposal. All this can help in further work on solving the problems of soil pollution and help preserve the health of people and ecosystems. It has been established that heat treatment is one of the most effective methods of remediation of soil contaminated with pesticides. It allows you to reduce the level of pollution by a significant amount after just one application of this method. However, before using the treatment, it is necessary to study in detail all possible factors affecting the effectiveness of the method, including temperature, duration of treatment, type of soil and others. Various methods of heat treatment, their effectiveness and possibilities of use in real conditions were analyzed. The main factors affecting the effectiveness of the method, as well as various options for the application of heat treatment, depending on the type of soil and the level of contamination, were also investigated.