Vitebsk State University named after P.M. Masherov

This study aimed to design and evaluate a proactive, school-based educational framework functioning as an early diversion mechanism for vulnerable youth at risk of future justice system involvement. The study addressed the question of whether the presence of structured early identification, individual learning support, and combined behavioral and social-emotional interventions might have led to a decrease in the occurrence of academic disengagement, disciplinary escalation, and criminogenic risk indicators. It adopted a quasi-experimental longitudinal research design where 180 at-risk students (n = 90 intervention; n = 90 control) were used. These groups were tested to be equivalent at the baseline (p > 0.05). The intervention was provided in a 12-month multi-tiered support model that incorporated academic support, behaviour regulation, restorative practices, and involvement of family. Repeated-measures ANOVA, multilevel modeling, multilevel mediation analysis, and thematic qualitative analysis were used to assess the outcomes. There was significant time × group interaction effects on GPA (F (1, 178) = 18.42, p < 0.001) and attendance (F (1, 178) = 21.75, p < 0.001) having large effect sizes (d = 0.82; d = 0.91). There were significant decreases in disciplinary referrals and behavioral risk scores in behavioral outcomes, with intervention attendance being a significant predictor of behavioral risk (β = −14.72, p < 0.001). The risk indicators on justice decreased greatly (t (178) = 5.63, p < 0.001), and the probability of high-risk classification reduced from 62% to 29% of high-risk in the intervention group. The mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect (−6.45, 95% CI [−9.12, -3.78]) when it comes to academic engagement and self-regulation. For vulnerable adolescents, proactive, composite educational innovations can generate positive academic results and significantly diminish danger in terms of conduct and equity, and place schools as efficient early diversionary frameworks.

The relevance of the topic is substantiated by the current trends in studying a poetic text as a specific speech-thinking formation focused on the aestheticization of the images of the reflected world and possessing pronounced communicative and pragmatic components. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the formation of the supertext layer in O.E. Mandelstam’s poem “Alexander Gertsevich Lived...”. The authors use methods of contextual and interpretative text analysis and the method of intertextual analysis as linguistic tools. The study views a poetic text as a cognitive-synergetic phenomenon that emerges from the interaction of discursive and interdiscursive factors. It is determined that the transformation of the linguistic sign semantics in the poetic masterpiece is directly related to the thickening of meanings as a result of interaction of different figurative means and stylistic figures in a limited textual space. It is concluded that the supertextual layer of Mandelstastam’s poem is formed by various idiostylistic manifestations, such as the syntactic organization of the poetic text, which manifests the rich rhythm-melody, verse musicality and the phonosemantic dynamics. We emphasize that the supertext allows to express the poet’s inner creative state, to convey the dynamics of struggle with himself, to show the polemical search for philosophical guidelines for self-assessment of his spiritual state and its meaning for the creative process. The prospect of research is the development of the theory of supertext in poetic discourse.

Abstract Currently, human activities create modern infrastructures in forest ecosystems, e.g., natural gas pipeline clearings, firebreaks and power-line corridors, which can modify forest environment conditions and contribute to the formation of open, extended linear habitat. The present study revealed that three main types of clearings in boreal pine forests contributed to the formation of specific assemblages of ground beetles due to the variability of their environmental conditions. The clearings with more heterogeneous and structurally complex vegetation, such as fire-breaks, can support the higher carabid species diversity. On the other hand, high intensity management practices such as plowing lead to the reduction in structural complexity of habitats and induce low species diversity, but higher ground beetle abundance in natural gas pipeline clearings than in forests. In contrast to species richness and diversity, the ground beetle functional richness and diversity in the clearings increased compared to the control forests. In addition, the species composition, indicator species, and species traits were noticeably different from those of the forest ground beetle assemblages. The main variables driving carabid diversity parameters were plant height, soil pH, salinity, moisture and bare soil proportion. Therefore, natural gas pipeline clearings, firebreaks and power-line corridors can be considered alternative habitats within pine forests.

New requirements for the quality of secondary general education have made the problem of improving its content relevant. To solve it, it was necessary to rethink the existing ideas about the essence of the content of education, its structure, the grounds for selection and design, as well as to formulate and test new theoretical ideas that allow developing the content of education adequate to the challenges of the time. The article describes the concept of selection and structuring of the meta-subject content of secondary general education, presents the essential characteristics and structure of this content. The methodological basis of the study is the anthropological approach, in line with the ideas of which the essential characteristics of the content of meta-subject education are defined. The model of meta-subject content of education was tested at seventeen innovative sites of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus.

Since the end of the twentieth century, linguistics has been laying the foundations for studying another language hypostasis, the spiritual one. However, the categories of spirituality and spirit have not been investigated in Russian language studies yet. This substantiates the relevance of studying the Bible heritage and spiritual space of the Russian word. The aim of the study is to show that the Russian language is the basis for the spirituality of the Russian people, which is formed and preserved in words, set expressions, proverbs with deep sacred meanings. These units fix the system of Bible values and guide the behavior of the people. The material of the study were words, set expressions, proverbs from dictionaries derived from the Bible or having sacred meanings, and some parts of the Bible. The author used descriptive, discursive, and linguistic-cultural analysis and system-semasiological interpretation of the language material. The study showed that the Russian language is the main and necessary source of spirituality for Russian people; it expresses and keeps key ideas about the God, religion, and church, which define intellectual and moral traits of Russian-speaking personality. The study reveals an important aspect of the communicative function of the Russian language, which is realized in prayers, requests to God, and in the sacred meanings of the Russian word as part of its linguistic semantics. The study proves that the Russian linguistic consciousness contains the basic religious and spiritual values and the behavior norms. The Russian language is permeated with biblical meanings so the theological-anthropocentric paradigm of scientific knowledge is prospective for Russian language studies.

The article examines the military novel by the Vitebsk children's writer, participant of the Great Patriotic War Grigory Shakulov, written based on the stories of Alexander Gilep, a soldier of a machine gun company, leading a marching magazine, "Soldiers of Pillbox No. 205" (1960–1964) as a means of patriotic education of modern youth. The literary text was restored from the manuscripts of G. Shakulov and published by the writer's daughter and grandchildren in separate books (St. Petersburg, 2018; Mn., 2019). The work has a documentary basis, written based on the records of a front-line source. The author of the article, based on the characteristics of the military story as a genre, determines its specifics in the writer's work, identifies the features of Shakulov's artistic style, conducts an ideological-thematic and imaginative-stylistic analysis of the text of the story, designates the moral and educational potential of the work.

The search movement was an important element of public life in the USSR in the second half of the 20th century and continues to play a significant role in sovereign Belarus. Initially, it manifested itself in the form of the Red Pathfinders movement, and since the mid-1980s, in the activities of numerous search parties, groups, and clubs that carried out excavations at the sites of former battles and contributed to the dignified reburial of fallen soldiers of the Soviet army. The search movements received new development in connection with the investigation of the case of the genocide of the Belarusian people. The article analyzes the main achievements, problems, and prospects of the public search movement in the Vitebsk region as a region in which some of the first public search organizations emerged, later transformed into the republican association “Poshuk”. Particularly active work was carried out in the Vitebsk region. A brief history of the movement in the region is given, and the most active searchers who made a significant contribution to the cause of searching for and perpetuating the memory of fallen defenders of the Fatherland are mentioned. The main forms and methods of search engines' activities and regional characteristics are studied. Possible solutions to some existing problems in this area and to improve the quality of work of search associations are proposed.

Information on the production characteristics of aquatic vegetation species in the lakes of the Belarusian Lakeland is summarized. Data are provided on the values of phytomass, air-dry weight, productivity, and number of specimens depending on the classes of projective cover for 43 different macrophytes. The values of phytomass and air-dry weight parameters obtained for the Belarusian Lakeland are within the ranges of values given for other natural territories of the Republic of Belarus. The values of phytomass of macrophytes of the Belarusian Lakeland are also compared with data for other regions, and the closest similarity of the indicators of the surveyed territory with data for the Komi Republic, Upper Volga region, northwestern Russia, and the Republic of Buryatia is established. The indicators of phytomass, projective cover, and number of plants per square meter of 16 species in different types of lakes are analyzed, and significant differences are received for Phragmites australis, Nuphar lutea, Potamogeton lucens, Persicaria amphibia, Equisetum fluviatile, and Schoenoplectus lacustris. For 20 out of 28 species, reliable significant or high values of correlation and regression coefficients are established for the interconnection of phytomass indicators with the parameters of projective cover and/or abundance per square meter.

Natural-technical agricultural ecological-geological systems occupy significant areas in Belarus, but there is only scattered information about their abiotic and biotic components. Based on the classification of ecological-geological systems of the republic developed by the authors, a general description has been compiled and features of abiotic (lithotope, hydrotope, edaphotope) and biotic (microbocenosis, phytocenosis, zoocenosis) components of agricultural EGS are identified. These EGS are characterized by a specific structure and include technogenically transformed components. Most of the agricultural lands of Belarus are located on flat river terraces and flat watersheds, but their plowing gradually led to the formation of a transformed relief. Natural geodynamic processes are practically absent in these territories, but parageneses of engineering-geological processes caused by agricultural activity are developing. The use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides transforms natural geochemical fields and changes the properties of natural geochemical barriers. The transformations are caused by changes in albedo on agricultural lands, which causes changes in the radiation-thermal balance of the territories. Soils are transformed into technoedaphotopes, microbiocenoses – into technomicrobiocenoses, phytocenoses – into crop-cenoses, zoocenoses – into technozoocenoses. Natural-technical agricultural ecological-geological systems of Belarus are complex specific formations with characteristic features. It must be taken into account when analyzing ecosystems formed under conditions of heterogeneity of the composition and properties of the technogenic component, as well as during their systematization and ecological-geological surveys.