Von Ardenne (Germany)

In an era of globalisation, some have suggested that Transnational Education (TNE) could be the solution for expanding equitable access to higher education. Yet, it faces scrutiny for its quality and impact. This study investigates the concept of student success within the context of UK TNE, focusing on a case study of an International Branch Campus (IBC) in Berlin, Germany. Through a survey of 148 undergraduate and postgraduate students, the research explores how students define success during and after their studies. Key findings indicate that students associate success with academic achievement, application of knowledge in professional roles, and gaining expertise in their field. Post-graduation, success is often defined by securing employment and increased workplace confidence. The study also identifies barriers to success, such as balancing studies with work and cultural adjustments, highlighting the need for tailored university support. This research underscores the importance of aligning institutional success metrics with student-defined success to enhance the overall quality and sustainability of TNE programs.

Based on public archives (from the French police) as well as on private sources (diaries and correspondences), this article analyzes the images and discourses triggered by the presence of Cossacks in the allied army during the French campaign, in the Spring 1814. The analysis shows that hostile representations did not appear in 1814, but rather go back to a collective imaginary that emerged at the end of the 18th century and was reinforced by Napoleonic propaganda and the sore memory of the 1812 campaign. In the Spring 1814, during the invasion, the violence attributed to the Cossacks reactivated these hostile stereotypes: portrayed as monsters, Cossacks embody barbarity and absolute devil; they are unanimously rejected out of the civilized and Christian world. Yet, step by step, the occupation, and the associated direct, concrete contacts that it generates, progressively contribute to notable evolution of the images, as can be seen in many private sources: that Cossack officers belong to the civilized world becomes a certainty, and simple soldiers, perceived as picturesque and exotic, are no longer a source of fear.

Among the different methods of whole-body hyperthermia (WBH), the energy transfer with infrared radiation seems to have established itself as a relatively simple procedure. The infrared systems differ with regard to the used spectrum of radiation. In the case of water-filtered infrared radiation, infrared A (760-1400 nm) is the focal point of heat radiation. This radiation penetrates deep into the skin up to the capillary area of the corium. Eighty treatments of patients in an advanced stage of cancer (40 male, 40 female, April 1998-April 1999) were performed with a WBH device with water-filtered infrared radiation, IRATHERM 2000. Extreme WBH was combined with induced hyperglycaemia and relative hyperoxaemia, and for 83% of the patients with chemotherapy as well. The body-core temperature was measured rectally (85%) or vesically. The objectives of the thermal control were a low rate of side-effects and a quick rise of the body-core temperature with regard to the condition of the patient's skin. The mean duration of the rising phase (37.5-41.5 degrees C) was 87 +/- 19 min. A correlation between lamp power and rising time (r = 0.08) was not found. Moreover, no correlation could be found between the appearance of thermal lesions > or = WHO 2nd degree and the lamp power. Thermal lesions according to WHO 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees appeared in the case of 20, 15 and one treatment, respectively. Their area amounted in 2nd-degree cases to 0.08% of the body surface, on average. The highest mean temperature over 60 min (T60) was 42.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C, and the mean of maximum temperature (Tmax) was 42.3 +/- 0.1 degrees C. The mean thermal isoeffect dose EM43 was 35.8 +/- 6.3 min. WBH with water-filtered infrared radiation in combination with induced hyperglycaemia and relative hyperoxaemia (procedure of systemic Cancer Multistep Therapy) is a safe and practicable procedure with good tolerability in the case of experienced application. It permits a rapid rise of body-core temperature and a high thermal constancy in the plateau phase. An all-around access to the patient is possible in all therapy phases.

This paper describes a new type of applicator system for the intracavitary radiothermotherapy of gynaecological tumours. Hyperthermia and radiation can be delivered by one and the same applicator. The hyperthermia is delivered by a modified capacitive heating technique (27.12 MHz) combined with cooling systems, the radiation by the numerically controlled oscillation of a gamma source on the inside of the main applicator, the RF gamma applicator (HDR afterloading technique). Isotherms and isodoses can be adapted to the anatomical-pathological situation. Interactions between the applicator system and the surrounding tissue were investigated in a theoretical model (FEM). Complex two-dimensional SAR calculations as well as three-dimensional temperature calculations were carried out. The RF gamma applicator was also examined by thermography; the thermography proved the theoretical modelling to be correct. The applicators were also tested in animal experiments.