Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

ABSTRACT Orbital torque is one of the potential approaches to achieve current‐driven magnetization switching in next‐generation spintronic devices, where the field‐like orbital torque plays a critical role to obtain field‐free magnetization switching. Here, we report a large field‐like orbital torque observed in FeNi/Cr heterostructures by the symmetric components of the spin‐torque ferromagnetic resonance signals, which induced a sin2 θ symmetry in the angular dependence of the symmetric component amplitudes. This field‐like orbital torque is along the m × z direction, with an efficiency (−0.033) comparable to that of the damping‐like torque (0.068). A significant tilting of the orbital current polarization generated by the orbital Hall effect in the Cr layer leads to the z ‐component of the orbital current polarization and the large field‐like orbital torque. Furthermore, the y ‐component of the orbital current polarization shows a reversal behavior as the Cr thickness decreases, demonstrating the competition between the orbital currents generated by the surface oxide layer and those within the Cr bulk. These findings provide insights into the orbital torques in the 3d transition metals and highlight the potential of orbital‐torque‐driven magnetization switching in the absence of external magnetic fields for the applications of spintronic devices.

High critical switching current density (Jc) and limited charge-to-spin conversion efficiency [spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency, ξSOT] of heavy metal-based SOT channels are the two key challenges for the development of energy-efficient SOT magnetic random-access memory (SOT-MRAM). In this paper, we demonstrate a significant enhancement of SOT efficiency in β-tungsten (W) films through magnesium oxide (MgO) doping, achieved via co-sputtering (CS) and multilayer-heterostructure (MLH) deposition, respectively. The W/MgO nanostructures retain the β-phase and exhibit a remarkable increase in ξSOT, from 0.20 in pure W to 0.48 for CS films (4% MgO doping)—and even more impressively—to 0.51 for the MLH method. The drastic SOT efficiency improvement is attributed primarily to the significantly enhanced skew scattering induced by MgO incorporation. As direct performance gauges, Jc of W/MgO nanostructures is reduced by up to 50.6%, and the power consumption is lowered by over 42%, compared to pure W-based devices. These findings highlight W/MgO nanostructures as highly promising SOT channel materials for energy-efficient SOT-MRAM applications.

The object of research is the processes of electromagnetic transformation in powerful asynchronous electric drives during controlled start-up and their impact on the quality of electricity in the power supply network. Distribution networks of industrial enterprises are considered, which have significant dynamic loads during the start-up of powerful machines. The problem to which the research is aimed is to ensure proper quality of electricity in distribution networks of industrial enterprises when performing controlled start-up of powerful asynchronous electric drives from soft starters based on a thyristor voltage regulator. Quantitative indicators of the influence of starting devices on the parameters of electricity quality were calculated using computer modeling in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Soft start using a thyristor regulator, although it limits the starting current, has a negative impact on the quality of electricity in the distribution network. Reactive power consumption increases, which causes a voltage drop. For the case of starting an asynchronous motor with a capacity of 3500 kW in the network of a sintering factory, it was found that direct start causes a voltage drop of about 350 V. Harmonic voltage distortions with a distortion factor of up to 6% also appear. Power active filters allow to improve the quality of electricity by introducing antiphase currents, which is proven by the application of theoretical methods of electrical engineering. The results obtained are applicable in the design of electric drive systems of powerful mechanisms during the modernization of the power supply of industrial enterprises, in the calculation of reactive power compensation means and in the development of energy quality standards. This will significantly contribute to increasing the reliability of technological equipment, reducing energy losses, and increasing the service life of electrical equipment at the enterprise.

Вступ. Розрахунок вітрового навантаження на будівельні конструкції є невід’ємною складовою сучасного будівельного проєктування, тому аналіз досвіду різних країн світу в цьому аспекті є важливим та актуальним завданням.Проблематика. Основною складністю урахування вітрового навантаження під час проєктування є різноманітність принципів та підходів до його визначення, яка ґрунтується на національних засадах різних країн світу.Мета. Співставлення чинних нормативних підходів з визначення вітрових навантажень України та Індіїна прикладі малоповерхової виробничої будівлі з аналізом системи факторів впливу та ступеня їх урахування.Матеріали й методи. Дослідження проведено на основі аналізу підходів чинних стандартів України та Індії з визначення вітрових навантажень. Об’єктом досліджень прийнято малоповерхову виробничу будівлю прямокутної форми в плані з двоскатним покриттям.Результати. Встановлено, що у чинних стандартах України та Індії використовується принципова схожа модель визначення вітрового навантаження, яка доповнюється системою поправочних коефіцієнтівдля врахування місцевих умов експлуатації. Проте стандарт Індії враховує 12 факторів місцевих умов, тодіяк у стандарті України взято до уваги лише 10 чинників. Методика їх врахування якісно різниться в цихстандартах. При цьому значення аеродинамічного коефіцієнту має кількісний рівень кореляції в межах 50 % за стандартами обох країн. Для малоповерхової виробничої будівлі з двоскатною покрівлею остаточновизначений рівень вітрового навантаження за стандартами України та Індії відрізняється. Так для бічних фасадів різниця показників становить до 25 %, для торцевих фасадів — до 40 %, для покрівлі — до 30 %.Висотний вітровий профіль для стандарту Індії є більш пологим та має кількісний рівень кореляції в межах 50 % для висоти до 20 м над поверхнею землі.Висновки. Отримані результати дають можливість аналізу чинних національних стандартів України таможуть бути використані для їхнього удосконалення.

The aim of the study is to sensorimetrically evaluate the aroma of Adyghe cheese (soft, smoked, and hard) and determine the effect of an edible pectin coating on aroma preservation in each sample. The objects of the study were samples of Adyghe cheese (soft – control, smoked, hard, soft in a pectin coating, soft in a pectin coating with spices, smoked in a pectin coating with spices (samples 1–6, respectively)). The study was conducted according to generally accepted standard methods in the laboratory of modern analytical methods at VSUIT and SNT LLC (Voronezh). Instrumental evaluation of the odor of the presented samples was carried out on a MAG-8 laboratory gas analyzer with the "electronic nose" methodology (made in Russia) based on 8 sensors. A comprehensive analysis of the influence of recipe parameters and process modes on the formation of the profile of volatile aromatic compounds in Adyghe cheese was carried out. Soft cheese contains more water (19.12 %) and acids (23.04 %), but fewer aromatic substances (7.35 %). Hard cheese contains more ketones (19.64 %) and amines (7.14; 7.74 %). Smoked cheese is similar to hard cheese in aldehyde content (20.10 %) but lower in ketones (16.18 %). Its aroma (8.33%) is more pronounced, and it intensifies with the addition of pectin and spices (10.40 %). Soft cheese in a pectin casing has the highest acidity (23.20 %) and aromatics (10.82 %); the addition of spices increases the ketone content (19.37 %), which collectively improves aroma perception. Pectin's role as a barrier, delaying the release of key VOC groups (ketones, alcohols) and prolonging aroma retention, has been substantiated. Spices alter the aroma, adding spicy and aromatic notes that can either mask or complement the original cheese aroma.

The massive accumulation of agricultural waste, such as wheat straw, and its disposal by burning pose significant environmental challenges. This study explores a sustainable solution by converting wheat straw into composite superabsorbent polymers (SAPs)—superabsorbents contain both synthetic and biodegradable fragments—for improved agricultural water and nutrient management. Wheat straw (WS) was sequentially processed via acid and alkaline hydrolysis to yield fractions with different lignin contents, which were then carboxymethylated (CMWS-Ac and CMWS-Al) to enhance hydrophilicity. These derivatives were incorporated at 20 and 33 wt. %. into SAPs synthesized by copolymerization with acrylamide and acrylic acid. The CMWS-Al-based SAPs exhibited superior properties, including higher equilibrium swelling ratios (up to 566 g/g in water), excellent mechanical strength, and robust gel structure, as confirmed by rheological studies. Furthermore, SAPs demonstrated a significant capacity to retain urea in sand columns, with SAP-CMWS-Al-33 achieving 56% urea retention, highlighting their potential for mitigating fertilizer leaching. The results establish a correlation between the extent of straw processing, the physicochemical properties and lignin content of the derivatives, and the performance of the final SAPs. These wheat straw-based SAPs present a promising, sustainable technology for enhancing soil moisture retention, improving fertilizer use efficiency, and valorizing agricultural waste.

The paper investigates the technology of using new formulations for modifying natural wood based on oligomers obtained from petrochemical waste containing styrene. For the protective treatment of wood, oligomeric materials prepared from by-products of the production of polybutadiene and styrene were used. The oligomers were obtained in the presence of an aluminosilicate catalyst at a temperature of 160-165 0C for 24 hours. It is shown that an increase in the styrene content in the oligomeric product helps to reduce water absorption and swelling of modified wood. It has been established that the introduction of a protective compound into the wood structure, including an oligomer from the by-products of polybutadiene production in combination with KORS varnish, provides effective protection for wood composites.

The results of determining the gas interchangeability criterion are presented. An analysis of the possibility of adapting existing gas combustion plants for the effective and stable use of a wide range of combustible gases is performed. It is shown that even natural gases from different deposits are not always interchangeable. Recommendations are developed that allow the use of even non-interchangeable gases on the same gas combustion equipment by changing the operating settings or slightly changing the design characteristics of the equipment. The results of the study of heat transfer in the combustion space when the composition of combustible gases changes and the associated changes in the emissivity of combustion products are presented. Recommendations are given on the organization of the combustion process of non-interchangeable gases, including by creating mixtures of combustible gases with the provision of the necessary interchangeability criteria. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of effective combustion of alternative types of artificial and synthetic combustible gases, including hydrogen, as well as non-interchangeable natural gases in existing gas combustion equipment. Study of the properties of combustible gases characteristic of gas distribution systems of Ukraine, and their compliance with the inter-changeability criteria and gas combustion equipment manufactured and supplied for industrial and municipal purposes. The relevance of the issues of ensuring the interchangeability of gases is confirmed by the implementation of regulatory legal acts on the quality indicators of combustible gases and the efficiency of their use in the national legislation of Ukraine. The results of the study provide the possibility of a barrier-free gradual introduction of alternative types of gases and a gradual transition to the combustion of gases with hydrogen content without cardinal changes in the design of existing burners and their operating modes. Bibl. 26, Fig. 2, Tab. 5.

Background. The relevance of the research theme is due to the necessity to improve the quality of foreign language teaching to Master Degree students at a technical university by searching and improving pedagogical methods in order to meet the requirements of new generation federal educational standards. In this regard, the use of edutainment technology in combination with artificial intelligence (AI) appears to be an important condition for the effective organization of the educational process with a focus on high motivation of the students. Thanks to the functionality of AI, lecturers have the opportunity to develop exciting interactive tasks as the basis of the technology analyzed both for the classroom activities and independent work of the learners. This will help to increase the language proficiency level of the students and prepare them for successful professional activity in an international environment. Purpose. The purpose is to analyze the peculiarities and potential of applying edutainment technology in combination with elements of artificial intelligence in teaching English to Master Degree students at a technical university. Materials and methods. The study is based on a set of theoretical and methodological approaches that has allowed us to conduct an analysis and effectiveness assessment of the applying edutainment technology in combination with AI in the educational process. It has been used such methods as observation, description, data collection and analysis, generalization, and systematization. Results. Within the framework of integrating edutainment technology into the educational process, it has been studied and tested GigaChat tools to determine their functionality and potential for their application in foreign language teaching. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the application of this technology combined with AI elements has made classes more interesting and contributed to the intensification of the knowledge acquiring process. It has been identified scientific conferences, communicative trainings, and discussions as the most productive forms of intellectual work, which stimulated student active participation during classroom activity and independent study. The article provides examples of artificial intelligence tools application in the practice of teaching English to Master Degree students of technological faculty. The materials of the study can be used when organizing foreign language classes in higher schools.

Probiotics are microorganisms that have beneficial properties that can have beneficial effects on the host organism. Chickens, pigs, and cattle are the most common farm animals around the world. In this regard, maintaining the microbial balance of the gut is an important task for veterinary medicine. It was previously established that probiotic efficacy has been proven for representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium are considered as probiotics of a new generation. The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome of chickens, pigs and cattle for the presence and relative content of probiotic microorganisms in it. Initially, the prevalence of phylum Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria in the faeces of all the farm animals studied was shown. The Firmicutes phylum turned out to be the most widespread phylum isolated from chicken fecal samples, while the Bacteroides phylum dominated the gut microbiome of cows and pigs. When analyzing the relative content of proteobacteria, it was found that the intestinal microbiome of cows is represented by bacteria of the classes Betaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, and in pigs almost exclusively by the class Epsilonproteobacteria. In the samples obtained from pigs, piglets and chickens, the dominance of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus over Bifidobacterium was established. The simultaneous presence of probiotic bacteria of a new generation, Faecalobacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, was identified only in faecal samples obtained from cows, while the relative abundance of bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila was 50.0 times higher than the number of Faecalobacterium prausnitzii in the samples. The bacterium Faecalobacterium prausnitzii was identified in pig faeces, and Akkermansia muciniphila was identified in chicken faeces. It is noteworthy that the presence of new generation probiotics in the intestines was not detected in piglets aged 5-10 days.