Walisongo State Islamic University

Abstract. Wahidah BF, Khasanah R, Husain F. 2026. Anatomical traits and economic potential of Amorphophallus variabilis and conservation implications in Selo Arjuno Forest, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270213. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270213. Amorphophallus variabilis is rarely utilized or studied despite its ecological and economic value. This study aimed to identify its anatomical characteristics, secretory structure, and the distribution of ergastic substances in its organs, including assessing their implications for conservation and local economic development. The study was conducted in Selo Arjuno Forest, Kendal District, Central Java, Indonesia. Anatomical slides from six mature individuals were prepared with paraffin methods and examined under a light microscope. Socio-economic data were collected through in-depth interviews. All data were analysed descriptively. The results showed that tubers are the primary storage organs, with a very high starch granule content (±8400/mm²), far exceeding those in petioles (±25/mm²) and leaf blades (±71/mm²). Sand and druse calcium oxalate crystals dominate tubers, contributing to stress tolerance. Tannin distribution is organ-specific, namely schizogenous cavities are more abundant in petioles, while idioblasts occur more frequently in tubers. Interviews indicate that A. variabilis is rarely cultivated, although its glucomannan-rich tubers have strong potential for functional food and health products. These findings highlight the importance of functional anatomy for conservation planning. In situ conservation and community-based ex situ cultivation can support sustainable management while creating utilization opportunities that enhance local livelihoods.

Since the MUI fatwa regarding cash waqf was issued on May 11 2002 and the Law on waqf number 41 of 2004 and PP Number 42 of 2006 was issued, nazir is considered a pillar of waqf waqf. Nadzir is considered an important element in waqf management in developing waqf assets significantly. This research discusses how to update cash waqf regulations in the management and development of waqf assets in Indonesia? How is the implementation of cash waqf regulations at the Insan Qur'an Foundation? What is the impact of the implementation of cash waqf regulations on Insan Qurani Indonesia Pamekasan Madura? This research uses qualitative research methods, with field research. With a normative-sociological approach. The findings from this research show that changes to waqf regulations regarding the management and development of waqf assets in Indonesia, the implementation of cash waqf regulations at the Indonesian Insan Qurani Foundation opened up opportunities and awareness for the Pamekasan community regarding the urgency of empowering productive waqf for the sake of realizing welfare and social justice. Waqf regulations can make it easier for Nazirs to develop productive waqf in Indonesia. Cash waqf has made a positive contribution to the development of Quran houses, trade, agriculture and livestock under the Insan Qur'an Foundation, expanding access to education and creating new jobs. This research offers an in-depth view of the practice of cash waqf as an effective strategy in developing waqf land assets in Indonesia, with the Insan Qur'an Foundation as the locus of this research study.

This study is motivated by the theological and sociological tensions in contemporary hijab phenomena, where symbols of piety are often reduced by the commodification of the fashion industry. This study aims to deconstruct the static understanding of hijab and reformulate the concept of decency amidst the currents of lifestyle trends. Employing a qualitative library research method with a comparative approach, this research synthesizes the critical thought of Fatima Mernissi (historical deconstruction) and the tawhidic hermeneutics of Amina Wadud (substance reconstruction). The results indicate that the hijab is not an ahistorical dogma, but a dynamic cultural medium. The main finding of this study is the concept of “contextual ethics of decency” as a middle path; a synthesis positing that clothing forms may change according to the context of the times (per Mernissi’s historical critique), provided that the principles of moral integrity and piety remain its core essence (per Wadud’s interpretation). This study concludes that the desacralization of hijab by the market need not be responded to with anti-modernity rejection, but rather with the strengthening of women’s moral agency. Consequently, the parameters of piety shift from visual formalism to dignified public ethics, providing theoretical legitimacy for modest fashion as a valid yet spiritual expression of identity.

This study explores the academic shock experienced by international students from Muslim minority countries in Asia—Thailand, China, and Cambodia—who enrolled in an undergraduate Islamic Education program in Indonesia. Using a qualitative narrative inquiry approach, data were collected through unstructured interviews with participating students. Findings reveal a significant shift in students’ perceptions during their studies. Initially influenced by media portrayals of terrorism and conflict, many students arrived with fear and uncertainty about studying in Indonesia. Over time, however, their academic and social experiences challenged these assumptions. Through inclusive interpretations of Islam, local cultural engagement, and dialogical learning, students encountered values of tolerance, hospitality, and mutual respect. This transformation encouraged them to promote religious moderation, interfaith dialogue, and humanistic education upon returning to their home countries. The study extends the concept of academic shock across intellectual, psychosocial, and spiritual dimensions.

Teacher-student relationships within the Islamic educational tradition are frequently characterized by a unidirectional, vertical hierarchy in which the student is relegated to a passive recipient of knowledge. This power imbalance often triggers pedagogical stagnation and, in extreme cases, manifests as physical violence or emotional detachment. This study proposes a paradigm shift by re-envisioning the dynamics of teacher-student relations through the lens of Mubādalah (Reciprocity). Employing a qualitative approach grounded in hermeneutic analysis, this paper deconstructs the conventional "subject-object" dichotomy and replaces it with a "subject-to-subject" partnership grounded in Mubādalah principles. The analysis applies a three-step Mubādalah framework: first, identifying universal Islamic principles of justice; second, extracting core pedagogical values from religious texts; and third, reciprocally distributing these values to both teachers and students. The findings demonstrate that applying Mubādalah to teacher-student relations transforms the classroom into a space of mutual dignity, where both parties become active participants in a shared spiritual and intellectual journey. This reciprocal model does not diminish the teacher's role but reframes their position from an absolute authority to a mentor and facilitator grounded in compassion (raḥmah). Ultimately, this research contributes to the discourse on Islamic educational reform by providing a theological and methodological foundation for creating non-violent, egalitarian, and harmonious learning environments suited to the challenges of the 21st century.

Reading is one of the fundamental skills that students must master from the early stages of education. Good reading ability not only supports students’ understanding of various subjects but also contributes to the development of critical thinking skills. However, low reading interest and limited reading comprehension abilities remain significant challenges in primary education. This condition affects the quality of learning and limits students’ ability to understand information in depth. Therefore, the use of engaging and effective learning media is necessary to improve students’ reading abilities. This study aims to examine the effect of using flashcard media on the reading comprehension ability of fourth-grade elementary school students. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research population consisted of all fourth-grade students, with a total sample of 36 students, divided into 17 students in the experimental group and 19 students in the control group. Data were collected through a pretest and a posttest, and then analyzed using tests of normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that the use of flashcard media has a significant positive effect on students’ reading comprehension ability. These findings suggest that interactive visual media can serve as an effective pedagogical strategy to improve the quality of reading instruction and strengthen literacy skills among elementary school students.

Purpose – This study aimed to identify shortcomings in the Grade VII Arabic teaching materials issued by the Ministry of Religious Affairs and to develop an improved, curriculum-aligned assessment prototype that supports student accessibility and instructional diagnosis. Design/methods/approach – A Design and Development Research (DDR) approach guided three integrated phases—needs analysis (document review and teacher interviews), prototype design, and expert validation—using a curriculum-evaluation checklist and iterative revision cycles. The analysed textbook authored by Faruq Baharudin and edited by Wahib Dariyadi was systematically mapped for item typology and skill coverage, revealing consistent lesson structures but predominant reliance on written, pragmatic items. Findings – Results indicated a pronounced gap in listening assessment, which emphasized letter- and word-level discrimination and dictation while underrepresenting sentence- and discourse-level comprehension; expert validation produced high I-CVI scores for many items and recommended explicit item-to-competency mapping, graded difficulty markers, and rubric-guided performance tasks. Prototype revisions incorporated sentence-level listening prompts, short-dialogue response items, and rubric-guided speaking and writing assessments to broaden construct coverage and diagnostic capacity. Research Implications – The study implies that curriculum designers, teacher educators, and policymakers should prioritize item-competency alignment, targeted teacher professional development, and modest ICT provisions to realize performance-based assessment benefits. Limitations include reliance on document analysis, interviews, and expert validation without large-scale classroom trials, and the paper recommends phased pilot testing with mixed-methods evaluation to establish effectiveness and scalability.

This study analyzes the legal framework and the implementation of Sharia principles in bullion banking operations, particularly gold-based services provided by Islamic banks in Indonesia. Gold services, including gold savings, gold financing, and gold trading, have strategic potential to support product diversification and enhance the competitiveness of Islamic banking institutions. This research employs a normative juridical method using a conceptual approach and regulatory case studies. The analysis focuses on relevant legal instruments, including Law Number 21 of 2008 on Islamic Banking, regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority, and fatwas of the National Sharia Council–Indonesian Ulema Council concerning gold transactions. The findings indicate that, from a normative perspective, gold services are supported by a sufficient legal foundation through Islamic banking regulations and Sharia fatwas. However, Indonesia has not yet established a comprehensive and specific regulatory framework governing Islamic bullion banking operations. The implementation of Sharia principles in gold services is carried out through murabahah, ijarah, and wadi’ah contracts, emphasizing the existence of physical gold as the underlying asset and ensuring transparency in transactions. Despite this normative compliance, practical challenges remain, particularly regarding regulatory consistency, legal certainty, and the limited availability of physical gold storage infrastructure. Therefore, this study recommends regulatory refinement and stronger institutional coordination among the Financial Services Authority, Bank Indonesia, and the National Sharia Council to strengthen legal certainty and ensure effective compliance with Sharia principles in Islamic banking gold services nationwide.

Abstrak: Perilaku temperamental pada anak usia sekolah dasar menjadi perhatian praktisi pendidikan dan psikologi karena berdampak langsung pada perkembangan sosial-emosional dan keberfungsian akademik. Namun, masih terdapat kesenjangan antara kompleksitas perilaku tersebut dan kemampuan orangtua dalam memahami serta merespons kebutuhan emosional anak secara tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi orangtua dalam memahami perilaku temperamental, melakukan pendampingan emosi, menampilkan modeling emosional, membangun hubungan emosional yang aman, serta mengelola pengaruh lingkungan dan media digital. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus pada tiga orangtua anak sekolah dasar di lingkungan pedesaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pengkodean tematik berlapis yang meliputi identifikasi tema awal, pengelompokan pola, dan penarikan makna tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman orangtua terhadap pemicu emosi, penerapan strategi pendampingan yang adaptif, dan kualitas modeling emosi berperan penting dalam menurunkan intensitas perilaku temperamental anak. Hubungan emosional yang hangat dan responsif berfungsi sebagai faktor pelindung yang memperkuat regulasi emosi anak. Sebaliknya, lingkungan rumah yang tidak terstruktur dan penggunaan gadget tanpa pengawasan meningkatkan reaktivitas emosional. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa perilaku temperamental merupakan hasil interaksi multifaktor antara praktik pengasuhan, kualitas hubungan emosional, dan konteks lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi pengasuhan yang komprehensif, peningkatan literasi pengasuhan emosional, serta regulasi penggunaan media digital untuk mendukung perkembangan emosi anak. Abstract: Temperamental behavior in elementary school–aged children has become a major concern among education and psychology practitioners due to its direct impact on socio-emotional development and academic functioning. However, a gap remains between the complexity of such behaviors and parents’ ability to understand and appropriately respond to children’s emotional needs. This study aims to analyze parental strategies in understanding temperamental behavior, providing emotional coaching, demonstrating emotional modeling, establishing secure emotional relationships, and managing the influence of the environment and digital media. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design involving three parents of elementary school children in a rural setting. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using layered thematic coding, including initial theme identification, pattern grouping, and thematic meaning interpretation. The findings indicate that parents’ understanding of emotional triggers, the application of adaptive emotional coaching strategies, and the quality of emotional modeling play a significant role in reducing the intensity of children’s temperamental behavior. Warm and responsive emotional relationships function as protective factors that strengthen children’s emotional regulation. Conversely, unstructured home environments and unsupervised gadget use increase emotional reactivity. These findings confirm that temperamental behavior results from multifactorial interactions among parenting practices, the quality of emotional relationships, and environmental contexts. Therefore, comprehensive parenting interventions, enhanced emotional parenting literacy, and regulation of digital media use are necessary to support children’s emotional development.

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom model in enhancing Arabic speaking skills among eleventh-grade students at State Islamic Senior High School 1 Semarang. Given the critical importance of Arabic speaking skills for academic and professional success, despite the common challenges in acquiring these skills at the Madrasah Aliyah level, the study aims to assess the model's impact on pronunciation, intonation, fluency, vocabulary, and grammar. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test/post-test procedure, 36 students participated, with 32 completing the study. Data were collected through oral performance tests and structured observations. The results indicate a significant improvement in students' Arabic speaking abilities, with the average total score rising from 14.59 in the pre-test to 17.75 in the post-test. Notable gains were observed across all evaluated areas, including pronunciation and intonation, fluency, vocabulary, and grammar. These findings suggest that the Flipped Classroom model effectively enhances speaking proficiency by promoting independent learning outside the classroom and facilitating active classroom interaction, thus improving students' readiness and confidence. This research contributes to foreign language education by demonstrating the positive impact of the Flipped Classroom model on language acquisition and offers valuable insights for educators seeking innovative teaching methods. Future research could explore the long-term effects of this model on other language skills and investigate the role of technological tools and online platforms in further enhancing language learning outcomes.