Washburn University

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are experiences of abuse, neglect, and other household problems occurring before age 18 and contribute to the development of both physical and mental health concerns. People experiencing homelessness report disproportionately higher rates of ACEs and negative mental health concerns; however, little research has been conducted regarding the relationship between ACEs and mental health outcomes specifically for homeless populations. A dearth of research also exists regarding how childhood experiences of homelessness interact with ACEs and mental health outcomes. The present study examined the mental health outcomes for people experiencing homelessness, as well as how childhood experiences of homelessness may fit into the ACEs model using archival data. People experiencing homelessness (n = 100) completed the ACEs questionnaire, a demographics questionnaire, and a health appraisal questionnaire. Results found ACEs significantly predicted negative mental health outcomes for people experiencing homelessness. Childhood experiences of homelessness were predictive of negative mental health outcomes; however, this relationship became negligible when acting as a covariate with ACEs. This result suggests that the ACEs framework adequately explains the effects of traumatic events for children experiencing homelessness and the subsequent negative mental health outcomes.

Abstract Premise Plant roots are the critical interface between plants, soil, and microorganisms, and respond dynamically to changes in water availability. Although anatomical adaptations of roots to water stress (e.g., the formation of root cortical aerenchyma) are well documented, it remains unclear whether these responses manifest along the length of individual roots under both water deficiency and water over-abundance. Methods We investigated the anatomical responses of Tripsacum dactyloides L. to both drought and flood stress at high spatial resolution. Nodal roots were segmented into one-centimeter sections from the tip to the base, allowing us to pinpoint regions of maximal anatomical change. Results Both stressors increased the proportion of root cortical aerenchyma, but metaxylem responses differed: flooding increased vessel area whereas drought led to smaller vessels, with both showing a lower number of vessels. Drought also significantly increased root hair formation, but only within the first two centimeters. The most pronounced anatomical changes occurred 3-7 cm from the root tip, where cortical cell density declined as aerenchyma expanded. Discussion These findings highlight spatial variation in root anatomical responses to water stress and provide a framework integrating various other data types where sampling effort is limiting (e.g., microbiome, transcriptome, proteome).