WengFu Group (China)

BackgroundThe emerging concept of the pathobiome has revolutionized our understanding of disease etiology by emphasizing the complex interactions between multiple pathogens and their hosts during disease progression. Although significant advancements have been made in characterizing the pathobiome in human, animal, and plant diseases, the pathobiome associated with seaweed diseases remains unexplored. Saccharina japonica, a commercially important farmed seaweed, has increasingly suffered from bleaching disease during its nursery stage, severely compromising the supply of healthy sporelings and sea field cultivation. Despite its significant economic consequences, the pathobiome associated with this bleaching disease and its interactions with the host remain unclear, posing a major challenge for disease control.ResultsThrough multi-omics and meta-omics analyses, we identified the pathobiome associated with bleaching disease in S. japonica and elucidated its interactions with the host. The pathobiome is dominated by the core taxa Bin_7 (Glaciecola sp.), Bin_12 (Arenicella sp. 017854775), and Bin_22 (Arenicella sp.), which employ virulence mechanisms such as chemotaxis, motility, and toxin secretion to initiate infection. In response, the host S. japonica activates a multifaceted defense, including mechanisms like cell wall strengthening, reactive oxygen species bursts, and antibiotic production to combat the invading pathobiome. To counteract these host defenses, the core pathobiome taxa upregulate genes associated with antioxidant enzymes and antibiotic resistance, enabling their establishment and persistence within the host.ConclusionsThis study provides the first analysis of the pathobiome in seaweed diseases. By identifying the core taxa of the pathobiome, their virulence mechanisms, and the host defense responses, we elucidate the pathobiome-host interactions underlying S. japonica bleaching disease. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the pathobiome in seaweed diseases and lay the groundwork for developing targeted strategies to control the bleaching disease in seaweed aquaculture.Video Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-025-02235-2.

The northern part of Guizhou Province is rich in coal resources, but mining safety is threatened by water - bearing strata. This study zeroes in on Longfeng Coal Mine in Guizhou Province and delves into the issue of water damage in coal mines under complex geological conditions. By applying a range of methods-empirical formulas for water - conducting fracture zones from massive data fitting, overburden theory, numerical simulation, DC electrical method exploration, and borehole camera detection-the study reveals that as the working face advances, the overburden fracture zone expands sideways and compacted in the middle. The fractal dimension of the water - conducting fracture zone fluctuates remarkably, showing a clear link to water inrush. Based on fracture development patterns, an integrated surface and underground exploration drilling scheme was designed and carried out. The scheme successfully determined that the water - conducting fracture zone's development height was between 44 and 59m, with a fracture - to - mining ratio of 15.39-20.63. The detachment water accumulation space lies in the hard - soft interlayer formed by the Longtan group limestone and the underlying silty mudstone. In engineering practice, the rock - layer detection borehole camera was upgraded. Its image - presentation effect was optimized, and the detection depth of the borehole was increased. Additionally, a multi - angle detection borehole camera with waterproof, mud - proof, and cold - resistant capabilities was designed, and technical improvement measures were proposed to adapt to more complex underground conditions and ensure more accurate rock - layer information acquisition. These innovations provide significant guidance and reference for preventing water inrushes in mines and protecting groundwater resources under similar geological conditions.

To enhance both the environmental performance and mechanical properties of phosphate solid waste backfill materials, this study examines the effects of corn straw fibre (CS), rice straw fibre (RS), and jute fibre (JF), each at five lengths (3-15 mm) and five dosages (0.1-0.5 wt%), on the rheological behaviour, mechanical strength, and microstructural characteristics of the backfill slurry. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of natural fibres markedly improved both the compressive and tensile strengths of backfill materials. For example, incorporating CS at a length of 12 mm and a dosage of 0.2 wt% increased the compressive and tensile strengths by 144.4% and 18.8%, respectively. Likewise, RS at 3 mm and 0.2 wt% increased the strengths by 68.3% and 11.9%, while JF at 12 mm and 0.5 wt% enhanced them by 108.2% and 14.9%, respectively. Ion leaching experiments and XPS analyses confirmed that the incorporation of natural fibres effectively adsorbed and immobilized phosphorus and fluorine in phosphogypsum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the improved mechanical strength was primarily attributed to fibre-bridging effects and enhanced fibre-matrix bonding. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrated that incorporating natural fibres reduced the porosity of backfill materials (from 12.9% to 8.14%) while increasing their density. This study provides an experimental foundation for optimizing backfill materials and recommends a 12 mm CS fibre length at a dosage of 0.2 wt% to improve the stability and safety of mine fill structures.

Graphene, a carbon material with high carrier mobility and low current density, is a promising candidate for the fabrication of flexible sensors.

Six sorghum varieties containing different amylose were selected to investigate the structural and physicochemical characteristics of starches and endosperm texture of grains. The results showed that the outer layer endosperm of sorghum grain changed from waxy to corneous, and its starch granules were more compactly packed and exhibited the spindle-shaped holes with the increase of amylose content. Higher amylose starch granules exhibited fewer and smaller micropores on the surface and were more likely to deform and agglomerate into larger amorphous particles after heated. Amylose content of sorghum starches was negatively correlated to granule size, relative crystallinity, and the proportion of the long branch chains (DP = 25-36 and > 36), whereas positively correlated to the proportion of the short branch chains (DP = 6-12 and 13-24). Amylose content had negative correlations with T o , T p , ΔH, PV, and SDS (p < .05), positive corrections with FV, SB, and RDS (p < .05), and no correlations with T c , HPV, BD, and RS. It could be concluded that amylose content affected the endosperm texture of sorghum grain and had strong correlations with structural and physicochemical properties of sorghum starch. These findings may help identify uses for these sorghum varieties in baijiu production.