Wenshan University

Abstract In this paper, a symbolic computation method based on a neural network architecture, the improved neural network-based method, for obtaining novel exact solutions to combined Kairat-II-X differential equation is proposed. We secure various types of soliton solutions and periodic waves through the considered approach. Furthermore, similar to existing neural network-based schemes, this improved technique also applies the output of neural networks obtained via feedforward computation as a trial function. By introducing various activation functions, novel trial functions are extracted. These functions incorporate the neural networks’ weights and biases, in that connection transforming the solution of the combined Kairat-II-X differential equation into a problem of determining these parameters. Using neural network-based technique and the improved variant, we derive a number of exact solutions including dark solitons, singular solitons, combined hyperbolic function solutions for Kairat-II-X equation. The proposed method is compared in detail with physics-informed neural networks in terms of computational theory. The physical relevance of the driven solutions is carefully examined by providing a range of graphs that show how the solutions behave for particular parameter values. Our findings suggest that they could be applied in the future to determine novel and diverse solutions to nonlinear evolution equations that arise in mathematical physics and engineering.

The Bayer process is the primary method for alumina production. However, thiosulfate ions (S 2 O 3 2− ) present in the involved sodium aluminate solution are difficult to remove and adversely affect this process, thereby limiting the large-scale application of high‑sulfur bauxite. To address this issue, this study designed and synthesized a composite photocatalyst Co-TiO 2 @C based on ZIF-8-derived porous carbon as a carrier. Moreover, the study combined wet oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation to investigate the photocatalytic S 2 O 3 2− degradation activity and stability of this photocatalyst in a sodium aluminate solution. Results indicated that the ZIF-8-derived porous carbon carrier had a high specific surface area and highly porous structure, which were conducive to the loading and dispersion of Co-TiO 2 catalytic components. Moreover, it formed a composite photocatalytic material with good adsorption performance and abundant active sites. High-temperature pyrolysis led to the formation of graphite structures with excellent electron transfer properties on porous carbon supports, while Co doping reduced the bandgap energy of the loaded nano-TiO 2 , resulting in excellent photocatalytic performance of the composite catalyst under visible-light irradiation (The bandgap is 2.78 eV, and the photocurrent density under xenon lamp can reach 2.41 μA/cm 2 ). The adsorption degradation of S 2 O 3 2− ions by Co-TiO 2 @C/900 reached 29.6% within 30 min. After 60 min of light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation rate of S 2 O 3 2− ions by Co-TiO 2 @C/900 can reach 92.5% under xenon lamp irradiation, which is 38.4% higher than that of P25. Moreover, the degradation efficiency of S 2 O 3 2− ions by Co-TiO 2 @C/900 only decreased by 9.5% after 6 cycles of experiences. The results of quenching experiments and paramagnetic electron resonance indicated that the degradation mechanism of S 2 O 3 2− depended on the generation of reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, under light irradiation. • Photocatalytic oxidation for desulfurization of sodium aluminate solutions. • A ZIF-8-derived porous carbon photocatalyst with outstanding stability in sodium aluminate. • Mesoporous structure enhances the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst. • Co and C doping improved visible-light conversion efficiency of the photocatalysts. • OH and O 2 − were the main reactive oxygen species in S 2 O 3 2− photodegradation.

• Late Triassic (∼220 Ma) Au mineralization in the Dixu deposit linked to Indosinian post-collisional extension. • Magmatic-metamorphic-meteoric fluid mixing defines the ore-forming processes. • Sulfidation of mafic minerals drives Au precipitation, distinct from sedimentary-hosted systems. • The Late Triassic mineralization was not an isolated local phenomenon, but rather a regional-scale event. The Youjiang Basin in southwestern China constitutes a world-class gold province, predominantly characterized by Carlin-type gold deposits hosted in both sedimentary and intrusive rocks. The Dixu gold deposit represents a key example of Carlin-type mineralization occurring within Permian pyroclastic rocks, offering significant insights into the metallogenic processes of the basin. This study integrates U-Pb geochronology and oxygen isotope analysis of hydrothermal zircons to constrain the timing and source of ore-forming fluids at the Dixu deposit. The results indicate that the main gold mineralization event occurred at ca. 220 Ma. Hydrothermal zircons from mineralized samples yield δ 18 O values between +5.2 ‰ and +8.8 ‰, exhibiting a moderately wide range of calculated δ 18 O H2O values from +5.6 ‰ to +9.1 ‰, which suggests that the ore-forming fluids were derived from deep-circulating crustal waters with magmatic contributions. Based on diagnostic mineral assemblages and cross-cutting relationships of vein systems, the mineralization process can be divided into three stages: early-, main-, and late-ore stages. The main-stage mineralization occurred via sulfidation reactions between hydrothermal fluids and iron released through alteration of mafic minerals, leading to the formation of arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite. This stage is characterized by a diagnostic alteration assemblage (silicification-chloritization-hydrothermal rutile), with a notable absence of decarbonation. These distinctive mineralogical signatures differ from those of carbonate- and siliciclastic-hosted deposits and bears similarities to basalt- and dolerite-hosted counterparts. Our findings demonstrate that the Late Triassic mineralization event in the Youjiang Basin was not an isolated local phenomenon, but rather a regional-scale event associated with post-collisional magmatic activity during the Indosinian orogeny. Moreover, this study reveals the critical role of multi-sourced fluids and lithology-controlled alteration processes in the formation of pyroclastic-hosted Carlin-type gold deposits.

In contemporary Chinese literary regional writing, Yunnan, with its distinct "borderland" characteristics and splendid and diverse ethnic culture, has become a "rich mine" for Chinese contemporary literary creation, giving birth to a large number of influential writers and works. Early Yunnan writers identified with "borderland" landscapes and "ethnic culture" symbols, forming an "outward-oriented" writing paradigm. Since the new era, the focus of writing by the new generation of Yunnan writers has increasingly shifted towards deep reflection on individual survival dilemmas, cultural inheritance crises, and emotional anxieties under the impact of modern civilization, presenting a profound "inward-oriented" shift characterized by narratives of universal humanity and spiritual dilemmas". This profound transformation is not only a renewal of literary subject matter dimensions, but also a manifestation of deep resonance and reshaping of literary concepts, aesthetic tastes, ethnic culture, writers' subjective consciousness, and the spirit of the times, and deeply reflects the complex process of Yunnan writers' response, dissolution, and even reconstruction of literary imaginations and identity perceptions of "borderland" and "center" in different intergenerational transitions. In view of this, this paper will systematically examine this historic shift along the threads of "Construction and Shaping: The Imagination of Borderland Consciousness and Ethnic Writing", "Demystification and Internal Turn: Diversified Exploration of Modernity Imagination", and "Reflection and Echo: Polyphonic Landscape of Intergenerational Differences and Contextual Changes". By examining how Yunnan writers of different generations respond to regional experiences, social transformation, and ideological waves, it aims to reveal the complex shaping mechanism of identity perception in their literary practice and provide a new path for Chinese regional literary research.

Cerebral ischemic injury, a major cause of mortality and disability, results from reduced or interrupted blood flow to the brain, most commonly in ischemic stroke. Insufficient oxygen and nutrient supply disrupts cellular metabolism, leading to neuronal death, neurological dysfunction, and lasting impairments. Current therapeutic strategies, including thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and anticoagulation, primarily aim to restore perfusion and provide neuroprotection by preserving the ischemic penumbra. While these interventions can partially rescue viable tissue in the acute phase, their effectiveness is constrained by narrow therapeutic windows, low recanalization rates, and contraindications, leaving significant unmet clinical needs. Consequently, the search for novel, targeted approaches has become a central focus of ischemic stroke research. Recent discoveries have identified lactylation, a newly recognized post-translational modification derived from lactate, as a key regulator of gene expression, protein function, and metabolic reprogramming. Once regarded as a simple glycolytic byproduct, lactate is now known to act as both an alternative energy substrate and a signaling molecule, influencing neuronal metabolism, antioxidant defense, and inflammatory responses. In ischemic brain injury, lactylation modifications of histone and non-histone proteins may either protect neurons—by supporting energy homeostasis, regulating stress-responsive genes, and suppressing apoptosis—or exacerbate injury through neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and immune evasion. Evidence indicates that the outcomes of lactylation depend on lactate concentration, timing of accumulation, cell type, and the balance between “writer” and “eraser” enzymes. Therefore, lactylation emerges as a promising yet complex therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia. Modulating lactate metabolism and its downstream modifications offers new opportunities to expand the therapeutic window, attenuate neuronal injury, and improve recovery. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms linking lactate and lactylation to ischemic injury, highlights current contradictions in experimental findings, and explores the potential of targeting lactylation pathways for innovative treatment strategies.

Notoginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), a bioactive saponin from Panax notoginseng, exerts cardio-cerebrovascular protective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and glucose homeostasis-regulating effects. However, its oral bioavailability is limited by gastric degradation and poor intestinal permeability. This study presents a food-grade bigel system for encapsulating Rb1 to enhance its stability and controlled-release performance. Oleogels were structured using monoglycerides (8%, w/w) in soybean oil. Rb1-loaded binary hydrogels (gellan gum/xanthan gum, 12:1 w/w) were emulsified in 10% Tween-80 (w/w). Bigels were formulated at varying hydrogel-to-oleogel ratios, and a ratio of 4:6 was identified as optimal. Stress-sweep rheological analysis revealed a dense gel structure with a peak storage modulus (G′) of 290.64 Pa—the highest among all tested ratios—indicating superior structural integrity. Confocal microscopy confirmed homogeneous encapsulation of Rb1 within the continuous hydrogel phase, effectively preventing payload leakage. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis detected a distinct endothermic transition at 55 °C (ΔH = 6.25 J/g), signifying energy absorption that enables thermal buffering during food processing. The system achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 99.91% and retains both water and oil retention. Effective acid protection and colon-targeted delivery were observed in the digestion test. Effective acid protection and colon-targeted delivery were observed in the digestion test. Less than 5% of Rb1 was released in the gastric phase, and over 90% sustained intestinal release occurred at 4 h. The optimized bigel effectively protected Rb1 from gastric degradation and enabled sustained intestinal release. Its food-grade composition, thermal stability, and tunable rheology offer significant potential for use in functional foods and nutraceuticals.