Western Digital (China)

Tailoring nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals with a large bandgap and wide transparency extending from ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths remains a challenge due to the inherent trade-offs in these properties. Here, we report two novel scandium tellurite NLO crystals, AScTe2O6 (A = K, Rb), engineered through a synergistic strategy that optimizes both electron distribution and lattice vibrations. These isostructural crystals feature a unique 2D topological framework analogous to KBBF, built from distorted [TeO3] pyramids and [ScO6] octahedra. Notably, RbScTe2O6 achieves an ultrawide bandgap of 4.43 eV with a UV cutoff at 236 nm, the shortest reported among known NLO tellurates, coupled with an extended IR transparency beyond 7.0 µm. Moreover, it affords a compelling combination of a high laser-induced damage threshold of 27.8 × AgGaS2, a strong phase-matchable second harmonic generation response of 2.3 × KDP, and a large birefringence of 0.19 at 1064 nm. The highly polarizable [TeO3] pyramids and well-aligned [ScO6] octahedra collectively dominate the optical anisotropy and NLO activity, as evidenced by first-principles calculations and dipole moment analyses. These outstanding attributes establish RbScTe2O6 as a highly promising candidate for NLO applications in wide wavelength ranges.

BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can significantly impact social functioning. Traditional ADHD diagnostic methods rely on subjective behavioral ratings and neuropsychological tests, but these tools may have limitations, including biases and restricted ecological validity.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between parental ratings of ADHD symptoms and performance on a Virtual Reality Attention Task (VRAT) in school-aged children. The objective was to examine whether the VRAT could provide an objective, ecologically valid measure of ADHD symptoms, and how it correlates with established ADHD rating scales, namely the Swanson Nolan and Pelham, Version IV Scale-Parent Scales (SNAP-IV) and the Chinese version of the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised (CPRS-48).MethodsA total of 425 school-aged children (6 to 8 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study. They completed the VRAT, a continuous performance test embedded within an immersive virtual classroom, while their parents completed the SNAP-IV and CPRS-48 rating scales. Bivariate correlational analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to examine the relationships between the VRAT and rating scales, as well as the discriminatory capacity of the VRAT.ResultsVRAT shows several correlations with the SNAP-IV subscales and the CPRS-48 subscales. Participants with higher SNAP-IV inattention and hyperactivity scores exhibited lower VRAT attention and motion performance index scores (all P<.001). For the CPRS-48, significant correlations were noted with conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic problems, impulsivity-hyperactivity, and attention index, particularly with the attention performance and motion performance indexes (all P<.05). Gender differences were significant in attention and hyperactivity measures of the SNAP-IV and CPRS-48, while only latency showed gender differences in the VRAT. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the key performance metrics of VRAT showed moderate discriminatory power, with area under the curve values varying from 0.56 to 0.74.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential of virtual reality–based assessments such as the VRAT in ADHD diagnostics, providing an innovative approach to evaluating attention in a more immersive and ecologically valid setting. However, given the modest correlation with parent rating scales, it suggests that a combination of objective and subjective assessment tools would provide the most accurate and comprehensive ADHD diagnosis.

The product information generated at different levels in the automated manufacturing process is closely related to the final product information. This paper is to sort out the types of product information in the automated manufacturing process between China and Germany, and compared the structure and interfaces of product information integration, and research the key technical support for the application of product information and analysis for the use case.

BaCO3, Y2O3 and SiO2 powders weighed at Ba:Y:Si molar ratios of x:26:16 with x = 9.0–14.0 were mixed in a planetary ball mill, compacted, and calcined at 1300 °C for 12 h. The calcined compacts were reground in a planetary ball mill and recompacted to form disk-shaped powder compacts that were then heated at 1600 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the ceramic disks were mainly composed of the tetragonal oxide, BaxY26Si16O71+x (x ≈ 10.2), with some secondary phases. A ceramic disk with the highest relative density of 96 % respect to the theoretical density of the tetragonal oxide was obtained at x = 10.8. The granular and elongated grains of the tetragonal oxide were contained in a matrix of fine oxide grains. The relative dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tan δ) measured for the ceramic disk at frequencies of 10 Hz and 1 MHz were 5410 and 0.07, and 380 and 0.44 at 25 °C, and 7000 and 0.08 and 3830 and 0.334 at 325 °C, respectively.

Abstract During the transportation of natural gas through pipelines, there is a potential for the formation of gas hydrates. These hydrates can result in pipeline blockages, causing economic losses and significant safety hazards. Therefore, it holds crucial reference value to understand the conditions under which hydrates are formed and to grasp the laws governing their generation for effective prevention and control. This study employs the P-P hydrate thermodynamic model to compute the temperature and pressure at which natural gas generates hydrates. We also explore the impact of changes in the composition of natural gas on the temperature and pressure required for hydrate formation. This helps us discern the sensitivity of hydrate formation conditions to various components. Our findings indicate that propane, isobutane, and H2S substantially influence hydrate formation under the same percentage of alteration. For instance, a 3% increase in these three components results in a temperature increase of 2.36°C, 2.83°C, and 2.14°C, respectively, for hydrate formation at 100 bar.

A career in academics is in some ways at odds with commercialization. The priorities of an academic institution are publish or perish. Yet, the path to commercialization embeds either patents or trade secrets. Many in academics do not acknowledge patents as academic achievement. For a variety of reasons, university laboratories are not established to build the demonstrations needed to promote commercialization.Universities support patenting but are not equipped to facilitate commercialization of research, especially research based on sophisticated, fundamental ideas. Because of the constraints of the academic environment, ideas are driven to patents before devices are demonstrated. Yet the Bayh Dole Act provides that federally supported research be commercialized with any profits returned to the universities and inventors.These constraints create a barely navigable matrix for the academic inventor.When financial constraints reduce the University's support of patents, ownership is transferred to the inventor. This creates complexities in IP management with the University and increases cost to the inventor. However, it also creates opportunity.To commercialize the existing and evolving IP, a small business was formed with family. And now we maintain the patents, write grant applications restricted to the personally held IP, promote the IP, and try to bridge the chasm to commercialization.Startup success is elusive under the best conditions with experienced founders that understand both the technology and more importantly the business need. Founders typically have a working system and industry contacts before attempting to launch a new venture. Founders spend most of the time selling to investors and early prospects.New ventures started by academics have none of these advantages. They often have a great idea but no commercially viable prototype, no industry contacts and no connections to investors. They do not understand the amount of time spent on fundraising, and lack the skills and desire to raise funds. Commercialization of university research is more difficult than starting with nothing outside because university life is a full time job with many constraints. Investors are not interested in part-time CEOs. They want full time commitment and focused dedication. Investors are not interested in dealing with university administrations and procedures.Successful commercialization requires three roles: Business person that understands the market opportunitySubject matter expert that can defined a solution to the problemProduct manager that can translate between the other two and build a working system. A successful combination of these roles in coordination is required to build an investable business that can attract the capital required for commercialization.Academics can provide the subject matter expertise but engaging successful business people and product managers need to be found outside universities. Finding these connections is difficult but friends and family, industry organizations, and angel investment networks can provide some paths. University business schools and administrations should facilitate these connections with vetted business people.Universities should have an investment pitch competition put on by professors with patent portfolios each semester. Universities can invite investors to view the commercializable research that is being developed within the university. This is a non-trivial undertaking but can be done virtually to reach a wide range of investors across the country.Very few US universities have provided successful paths to commercialization. These most famous, well funded, private universities attract most of the investment interest. A few worked examples coming from other universities will encourage the appetite for future investment.

In the process of requirement analysis of Interstation Section Direction Control function applicable to TBTC and CBTC, to prevent the introduction of inherent safety defects due to misunderstanding of requirements. The formal method is used to improve the accuracy of describing the functional requirements of Inter-station Section Direction Control, enhance the rationality of design, and reduce the risk of introducing safety defects. First, the EVENT-B language model of each layer is established by using state transition diagram and refinement strategy, and the safety characteristics of the system are verified by proving the invariant proof obligation. Through the accuracy and hierarchy of the formal modeling process and the corresponding verification activities, it is proved that the method is feasible and efficient.