Western Digital (Japan)

The ability to use an applied voltage to effectively manipulate perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is critical for high density, robust magnetic random access memory devices. Using first principle simulations, we examine voltage control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the interface between Fe and several different spinel oxides (MgAl2O4, MgGa2O4, and ZnAl2O4). These spinel oxides have an excellent lattice match with Fe and there is good alignment of spinel O atoms with Fe atoms at the interface. We find that all of these Fe|spinel oxide interfaces have high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ranging from 1.87 to 1.89mJ/m2. The two Fe layers closest to the oxide interface provide significant contributions to the magnetic anisotropy. Calculations for Cu|Fe|spinel slabs under applied fields indicate VCMA coefficients in the range of (25–30 fJ V m) which are comparable to that found for Fe|MgO. Given the excellent lattice match with (001) bcc Fe for all of these spinel oxides and the demonstrated high TMR for the case of Fe|MgAl2O4, our results indicate that members of this spinel oxide family are promising candidates for tunneling barriers in future voltage controlled MRAM devices.

Salikneta Farm is located in Bulacan, Philippines. On that farm, many monitoring tasks were conducted conventionally, which might be labour-intensive and error-prone. Only physical appearance might be considered while monitoring the farm. This international community service developed an IoT-based land monitoring system to help farmers monitor their farms. The IoT system was designed as a suitcase for portability, and it could send the data to a server for further analysis. Upon testing the IoT system, it was then delivered to Salikneta Farm. A workshop was then conducted onsite, covering the IoT system and how to use it in the field. According to 15 participants, the workshop was insightful and helped the participants to understand the IoT system and its usage. The interview with the supervisor of the farm supported this. After the workshop, the IoT system was used on the farm. The supervisor occasionally reported the conditions and consulted on some issues. There was some data reported from the IoT system to a special server. To sum up, the system was considered beneficial for the farm and it is being used.

Food delivery applications (FDAs) have become an essential part of modern student life, providing convenience and accessibility in daily consumption patterns. This study aims to examine the factors influencing user satisfaction and how they contribute to students’ dependence on FDAs. Five key variables were analyzed: time saving, price saving, information quality, security system, and safe packaging. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 244 active student users and analyzed using regression analysis. The results reveal that all five factors positively affect user satisfaction, with time saving (β = 0.313) showing the strongest influence, followed by price saving (β = 0.245), security system (β = 0.211), safe packaging (β = 0.151), and information quality (β = 0.074). These findings suggest that practical efficiency and economic benefits play a more significant role in shaping satisfaction than informational aspects. The study provides valuable implications for FDA providers and app developers to improve service efficiency, enhance user satisfaction, and foster long-term app engagement.

Zoned storage enables higher storage densities with Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) hard disks and reduces costs and improves tail latency with Zoned Namespace (ZNS) SSDs. However, the adoption of zoned storage has been limited by the absence of suitable general-purpose file systems allowing the use of unmodified applications.

Probabilistic computing with p-bits is emerging as a computational paradigm for machine learning and for facing combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) with the so-called probabilistic Ising machines (PIMs). From a hardware point of view, the key elements that characterize a PIM are the random number generation, the nonlinearity, the network of coupled probabilistic bits, and the energy-minimization algorithm. Regarding the energy-minimization algorithm in this work we show that PIMs using the simulated quantum annealing (SQA) schedule exhibit better performance as compared to simulated annealing and parallel tempering in solving a number of COPs, such as maximum satisfiability problems, the planted Ising problem, and the traveling salesman problem. Additionally, we design and simulate the architecture of a fully connected CMOS-based PIM that is able to run the SQA algorithm having a spin-update time of 8 ns with a power consumption of 0.22 mW. Our results also show that SQA increases the reliability and the scalability of PIMs by compensating for device variability at an algorithmic level enabling the development of their implementation combining CMOS with different technologies such as spintronics. This work shows that the characteristics of the SQA are hardware agnostic and can be applied in the codesign of any hybrid analog-digital Ising machine implementation. Our results open a promising direction for the implementation of a new generation of reliable and scalable PIMs.

Abstract Adopting current-driven switching mechanisms in spintronic devices has effectively addressed the challenges of magnetic field-dependent switching and large device footprints(1, 2), thereby providing a high-density, fast, energy-efficient, and non-volatile memory solution for massive data handling3–7. The Spin-Filter Tunnel Junction (SFTJ) is emerging as an alternative spintronic device for memory applications(8, 9). However, until now, SFTJ devices have been manipulated by external magnetic fields. This paper reports the current-induced switching in the SFTJ devices, where the magnetic state of the ferromagnetic insulating manganite, Sm0.75Sr0.25MnO3 (SSMO), serving as the spin-filter barrier, is manipulated by the current. The realization of these devices involved the growth of lattice-matched oxide heterostructures and the fabrication of nanopillar tunnel devices, achieving an unconventional magnetoresistance (MR) of approximately 200% at 5K. This work highlights the strong influence of applied current on the magnetic switching field, suggesting a current-induced inverse metamagnetic transition in the ferromagnetic insulating barrier layer. Through comprehensive analysis under various experimental conditions and supported by theoretical calculations, this study presents the first demonstration of current-induced magnetic field-free switching in SFTJ devices. This marks a significant advancement in the field of spintronics, particularly at low temperatures, for energy-efficient cryogenic memory technology applicable to quantum electronics(10, 11) and quantum computing(12, 13).

Aims: This study intended to assess and enhance the importance of entrepreneurial skills for community enterprises in Chainat Province in the 21st century. Study Design: This study used a mixed method approach, combining qualitative data obtained from in-depth interviews with quantitative data gained using a questionnaire developed from the qualitative results. Place and Duration of Study: A sample of 400 community entrepreneurs in Chainat Province was chosen using cluster sampling and random selection techniques, between December 2021 and November 2022. Methodology: The qualitative research tool differs from the quantitative research tool. The questionnaire in quantitative research should have an Index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) above 0.6 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. Results: During the COVID-19 period, the qualitative research revealed that the majority of issues are marketing-related. Hence, they require marketing technologies. The quantitative research results indicated significant progress in two categories of entrepreneurial skills in the 21st century: innovation skills and marketing-related life and career skills. The other discoveries included educational materials tailored for modern-day business owners, catering to a range of learning styles. The text covered essential entrepreneurial skills for local businesses, sales promotion techniques, public relations strategies to acquire specific customers, sales negotiating skills, maintaining product branding, and developing new sales tactics. Conclusion: The study discovered that entrepreneurs in Chainat Province aspire to enhance their entrepreneurial abilities in the 21st century, particularly focusing on developing innovative skills and life and career skills