Whitechapel Gallery

Total hip replacement (THR) has proved to be a reliable treatment for the end stage of hip osteoarthritis. It is a common orthopaedic procedure with excellent results, but is associated with significant blood loss and high rates of allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT). The potential complications and adverse events after ABT, combined with the ongoing research, have resulted in multimodel, multidisciplinary blood management strategies adoption, aiming to reduce the blood loss and transfusion rates. Many reviews and meta-analyses have tried to demonstrate the best blood management strategies. The purpose of this study is to review any evidence-based blood conserving technique, dividing them in three stages: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative.

Century City: Art and Culture in the Modern Metropolis was the first temporary exhibition mounted at Tate Modern from February to April 2001. The exhibition’s central problematic was the intensification—at specific moments in particular places—of the relationship between urban experience and cultural praxis. Iwona Blazwick organised the show, working with a team of curators from within and outside Tate, to showcase the relationship between vanguard culture and the urban through the twentieth century across nine cities from Asia (Tokyo, 1967–1973, Reiko Tomii; Bombay/Mumbai, 1992–2001, Geeta Kapur and Ashish Rajadhyaksha), Africa (Lagos, 1955–1970, Okwui Enwezor and Olu Oguibe), the Americas (Rio de Janeiro, 1950–1964, Paulo Venancio Filho; New York, 1969–1974, Donna De Salvo), and Europe (Paris, 1905–1915, Serge Fauchereau; Vienna, 1908–1918, Richard Calvocoressi and Keith Hartley; Moscow, 1916–1930, Lutz Becker). Now director of the Whitechapel Gallery, Blazwick looks back at this ambitious exhibition, discussing its development, challenges, and legacy in the following interview with art historian Rattanamol Singh Johal.

Are, bure, boke -littralement brut, flou, granuleux -, trois mots presque magiques autour desquels s'est construite l'histoire de la photographie japonaise d'aprs-guerre. Moriyama Daid et Nakahira Takuma sont exemplaires de cette esthtique rebours du photojournalisme et de la belle image , particulirement depuis leur participation la revue Provoke, publie pendant une courte dure de 1968 1969. Depuis, leurs clichs flous et contrasts sont devenus reprsentatifs d'un style Provoke , expression qui dsigne de manire vasive la quasi globalit de la photographie japonaise depuis les annes 1960. Jusqu' prsent, Provoke a systmatiquement t envisage selon un point de vue formel, mettant de ct son contexte de production, celui de la fin des annes 1960, en pleine priode de contestation politique et sociale, au Japon et dans le monde. L'exposition sur Provoke qui s'est tenue rcemment l'Albertina de Vienne 1 visait dconstruire l'aura mythique acquise par le magazine dans le domaine photographique,

Overall, the survival rate of people affected by childhood cancer is increasing. It is important for dental professionals to understand the effects cancer treatment can have on growth and dental development. The aim of this case report is to describe the effects of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy on dental development, dental appearance and oral health in a 6-year-old female patient treated for synovial sarcoma. The numerous theories of tooth eruption described in the literature are summarized and this case report shows how, although root development was arrested, tooth eruption still occurred. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The skeletal and dento-alveolar effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for treatment of childhood cancers are explored and exemplified by the case reported. The numerous tooth eruption theories that have been described are also discussed. Interestingly in this case report, tooth eruption still occurred despite incomplete root formation.

This essay focuses on the installation Little Savages by artist Tessa Farmer, exhibited at the Natural History Museum, London, in 2007. A taxidermied fox, other natural materials, and tiny malevolent fairies made by the artist out of insect and plant material, create narratives concerning ecology. The materials used by Farmer lead us to reflect upon the history of taxidermy, its impact on fashion and its position as a domestic handicraft. Farmer, a vegetarian, is using references to taxidermy, fairies, and social insects in order to question the authority of the institution in which she is exhibiting. She is not creating a nostalgic vision of craft. Instead, her work represents an alliance between handicraft and recent technologies in the age of the Internet. Natural materials and electronic mass media are interrelated in Farmer's work, driven by curiosity about the material at hand, be it tangible or ephemeral. The audience is reminded that neither materials nor nature can be frozen and preserved for eternity, but instead are subject to processes of decay, death, and evolution.

Sir: I read with great interest the article by Patterson and Wong entitled “Quilting and Chloromycetin Ointment: An Easier Way to Manage Full-Thickness Skin Grafts” (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 118: 1551, 2006). It is good to have some evidence base for my own practice, as I am also an enthusiast of the quilting technique. The conventional tie-over does little to prevent hematoma formation or shearing, as the compressive effect is quickly lost due to the natural creep of the peripheral margin skin to which the tie-over sutures are anchored. I would merely like to add that equal success can be achieved using absorbable sutures throughout. I use 5-0 Vicryl Rapide for both the graft margin and the quilting sutures. This gives the added advantage of not having to set specific times for follow-up, as no sutures have to be removed. Care should be taken to ensure that the suture ends are of sufficient length to avoid knots unraveling with the application of the chloromycetin. I also use a deep dermal and subcuticular absorbable suture (Monocryl) for donor-site closure, again, in an effort to simplify postoperative follow-up. DISCLOSURE The author has no financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this communication. Sam Norton, M.R.C.S.(Ed.) Department of Plastic Surgery The Royal London Hospital Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom [email protected]

This article will investigate the care required for those with reduced renal function before renal replacement therapy (RRT) commences. Renal nurses are often involved with the technical, monitoring and evaluative aspects of RRT for those with end stage renal failure. However, many patients may experience reduced renal function many years before reaching the stage of needing RRT. Renal nurses are already involved in the preparation of patients for RRT, but are not presently exercising their specialist skills in the period before this time by contributing to the prevention of end stage renal failure (ESRF). Screening programmes carried out in various parts of the world demonstrate that many members of the population have undetected renal insufficiency, and may benefit from intervention from the nephrology team to prevent further renal dysfunction. It is for this group of patients that this article will consider the potential for the renal nurse to expand their scope of practice.

To provide a technical report on a new device. Early outcome assessment of patients undergoing anterior cervical decompression and stabilization with the described technique. To detail the operative and technical aspects of the new anterior cervical instrumentation and to identify its suitability for an extensive clinical study. The controversy over the need for fusion in the surgery of cervical disc disease is in part fueled by the absence of an ideal technique. However, the design of the integrated anterior cervical plate and cage device (PCB) appears to provide immediate stability and to restore disc height and cervical lordosis in addition to reducing graft recipient and donor site-related complications. After a standard anterior cervical discectomy and preparation of the disc space, the correct size of the cage with integrated plate is inserted. Self-tapping screws are inserted without image intensifier. Cancellous bone chips are used. The technique was used in 29 patients that were followed prospectively from 5 to 24 months (median 8 months, interquartile range 6-15 months). The technique was easy to learn and implement. The authors' experience has been free of intraoperative complications. After surgery no screw backout or device failure was identified. Twenty-seven patients improved clinically. Donor site morbidity was trivial. No collars were applied after surgery. The design of the system appears to prevent bone-graft recipient site and donor site complications, provides immediate biomechanical stability, prevents screw backout or breakage, and restores posterior interbody height and lordosis. The device is of sufficient promise to warrant further close evaluation focusing on long-term outcome. The new radiolucent version has potential advantages for the assessment of fusion.

See article on page 813 During the 1960–1970s we learnt how artificial feeding could rescue a few severely undernourished patients. Next, research characterised the integrative biochemistry of illness and sought ways by which the catabolic responses could be influenced nutritionally and hormonally. More recently the large proportion of hospital patients suffering from undernutrition, as judged by both weight for height and by micronutrient status, has become widely appreciated and there has been an interest in more routine supplementation of hospital patients. As the practice of supplementation increases there has been a growing need for randomised controlled trials to assess its clinical effectiveness. But applying rigorous clinical endpoints such as mortality, morbidity, or duration of stay in randomised controlled trials of a secondary treatment such as nutritional support is difficult because the endpoints are easily confounded by primary treatments and other factors. The physiological effects of undernutrition in the otherwise normal human have been well known for about 50 years.1 As far as sip supplements are concerned there is now excellent evidence that they do not simply replace the intake of normal food but effectively increase nutrient intake and improve nutritional …