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ObjectiveLateral ankle sprains (LASs) are prevalent in soccer and can affect long-term performance, injury recurrence and risk for chronic ankle instability. This case–control study examined functional impairments associated with LAS in professional soccer players aged 17–21.Methods40 players were divided into 2 groups: 21 with a history of LAS and 19 healthy matched controls. Functional assessments included the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Y Balance Test (YBT), Weight Bearing Lunge Test, Heel Rise Test, Side Hop Test, and ankle and hip isometric strength measurements.ResultsSoccer players with a history of LAS exhibited significant deficits in dynamic balance, particularly in the anterior and composite YBT scores, with moderate effect sizes (p<0.05). FAAM scores also revealed functional limitations in daily activities and sports performance for the LAS group. No significant differences were observed in strength or mobility measures, including the Heel Rise, Side Hop and isometric tests. There were also no differences between injured and non-injured legs in the LAS group in the performance tests.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the persistent deficits in dynamic balance following LAS, emphasising the need for targeted rehabilitation to mitigate the risk of reinjury and enhance performance in soccer players.

Small and medium-sized family enterprises usually assume that the main objective of their activity is to maintain stable growth of the company in the context of its succession by the younger generations. An important factor affecting the strategy of such entities is the fact that their activities are often carried out in niche areas, where skills and knowledge are passed down from generation to generation. Therefore, small and medium-sized family businesses will be geared towards long-term benefits and building long-term survival strategies. Entrepreneurs, bearing in mind the need to hand over the company, should be interested in the search for and implementation of decision support tools to ensure stability. The aim of the study is to analyze the possibilities and limitations of using cost statements and other economic accounts supporting the strategy building in the opinion of the entrepreneurs themselves. The basis of the analysis is own research carried out on a group of small and medium family enterprises.

Acne vulgaris is one of the most often diagnosed dermatological diseases. With some people, it can appear after a period of puberty, however with the others; it can emerge in their young age and last continuously in their adulthood. Current research has shown that acne among mature patients occurs usually after the age of 25.

Systematic, permanent, time-staggered hostile behavior towards an employee are just some of the features of the phenomenon known as mobbing. Such behaviors lead to mental and often physical destruction. We meet with them every day because it has been accompanied by hostility since the beginning of its existence, as an emotion, and the need to acquire and overcome. The motives of applying such behaviors depend not only on the internal characteristics of the human being that enable him to meet his needs. In a professional environment, it is the lack of appropriate rules of mutual coexistence, consent to such behavior by concealing their occurrence as well as deliberate actions. The article presents the phenomenon of mobbing in the practice of Polish enterprises. It indicates what is mobbing and what behaviors are legally recognized as mobbing. It presents the size of this phenomenon in Poland, its causes as well as the effects of using mobbing for an employee and an entrepreneur. In this article, the author is based on the literature available in this area, compares the research conducted by CBOS in 2002 and 2014, as well as the research by HR Sedlak & Sedlak, from 2015, and tries to complement this multidimensional problem with its perception by the serial employees.

The primary symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of motor functions. Despite constant pharmacological treatment, the patient’s daily functioning ability diminishes, leading to deterioration in the quality of life. Clinical and experimental studies show that systematic use of physical exercise delays the build-up of motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease by prolonging patients’ functional independence and thereby improving their quality of life. Systematic physical activity, such as resistance, balance, and stretching exercises (elements of aerobics, Nordic walking, dance, tai chi, or the use of Taijiquan martial arts), is considered as possibly useful therapy in symptomatic treatment of PD. In this paper, based on available literature, it was shown that thanks to appropriately selected Taijiquan techniques (Chinese martial arts and movement) can significantly improve the quality of life of people with PD, improve their mobility, and hence reduce the incidence of falls. However, it should be remembered that it could only be part of therapy, in the prevention and treatment of PD symptoms, and not create it. Access to the literature of the subject, which is largely in Chinese, may constitute a limitation of this study.

Obecnie do najistotniejszych problemow rynku pracy w Polsce zaliczyc nalezy starzenie sie zasobow pracy. Wynika to z rosnącego odsetka osob starszych w populacji, bedącego konsekwencją niskiego wskaźnika urodzen oraz wydluzenia przecietnego trwania ludzkiego zycia.Celem artykulu jest zaprezentowanie wplywu zmian demograficznych na sytuacje na rynku pracy pracy w Polsce, ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem pokolenia 50+ oraz konsekwencji, jakie zmiany te powodują. Dodatkowo przedstawione zostaną czynniki determinujące sytuacje osob starszych na rynku pracy, a takze polityka rynku pracy wzgledem tej grupy spolecznej.

Health-related concerns can often be factors influencing health-related behaviours. It remains unclear whether a high level of concerns is associated with pro-healthy or unhealthy dietary behaviours and whether any associations between nutrition-related concerns and dietary behaviours exist in a population of girls and young women. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between perceived health and nutrition concerns and dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish young females. Data was collected in 2012 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey within the GEBaHealth (Girls Eating Behaviours and Health) project in a group of 1107 Polish girls aged 13–21 years old. Dietary patterns were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on dietary data collected with Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs). Nutrition and health concerns were assessed separately by two indices: Health Concern Index (HCI) and Nutrition Concern Index (NCI); both based on the Health Concern Scale (HCS). The associations between perceived health and nutrition concerns and each dietary pattern were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Displaying a higher level of health concerns increased the chances of adherence to the upper tertile of ‘Fruit & vegetables’ pattern (adjusted odds ratio [adj. ORs]: 1.46, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 1.02–2.10). Displaying a lower level of health concerns increased the chances of the adherence to the upper tertiles of ‘Traditional Polish’, ‘Dairy & fats’, ‘Fruit and vegetables’ and ‘Fast food & sweets’ patterns (adj. ORs: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.31–2.67; 1.66, 95% CI: 1.18–2.34; 1.57, 95% CI: 1.11–2.22; 1.52, 95% CI: 1.08–2.13; respectively). No significant associations were found between levels of nutrition concerns and dietary patterns in the adjusted model. We found associations between self-perceived health concerns and dietary patterns in our study sample, suggesting health concerns can be an important predictor of dietary behaviours in girls and young women. To increase the effectiveness of healthy eating, an emphasis should be laid on health, reinforced with awareness of nutrition, when advising on food-related decisions.

Wymagający, doinformowany, zmienny i niecierpliwy klient banku stanowi duże wyzwanie dla organizacji. Tworzenie pakietu korzyści gwarantujących trwałe relacje pomiędzy klientem i bankiem, wymusza nowe podejście do koncepcji zarządzania tymi relacjami. Celem opracowania jest wskazanie na możliwości wykorzystania przez bank działalności prokonsumenckiej i prospołecznej do wdrożenia innowacji w procesie obsługi, źródłem których mogą stać się klienci banku. Kreatywność konsumentów i społeczna odpowiedzialność banku mogą przełożyć się na wzrost satysfakcji klientów z tytułu zaspokojenia zbioru jego wymagań, w stosunku do wartości usługi świadczonej przez bank.