Xinjiang Normal University

Comprehensive Summary Quinoxalines are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and materials science, yet their synthesis from sterically hindered and electron‐deficient ketones remains challenging. Herein, we report a mild, photochemical strategy for the direct oxidative annulation of readily available formyl acetates with o ‐diamines. This operationally simple protocol, devoid of external photocatalysts, efficiently proceeds under ambient conditions using white light, sunlight, or remarkably, low‐energy red light ( λ = 700–710 nm) as the sole energy source. The reaction exhibits exceptional functional group tolerance, enabling the incorporation of diverse (hetero)aryl, alkyl, and ester groups onto the quinoxaline core in up to 90% yield. Its synthetic utility is demonstrated through gram‐scale synthesis, facile downstream transformations, and the construction of novel ester‐functionalized, nitrogen‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( N ‐doped PAHs). The photophysical characterization of the obtained N ‐doped PAHs revealed excellent optical properties across FMO and ESP analysis, UV‐vis absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence emission spectra. Mechanistic studies support a pathway involving initial condensation followed by a light‐mediated oxygen capture and radical cyclization.

To clarify the ecological characteristics of herbaceous plants on parabolic dunes in the Ebinur Lake Basin and to support regional ecological conservation, this study focused on herbaceous species with an importance value (IV) > 1%. Standard ecological indices and analytical approaches were used for assessment. The results showed the following. (1) A total of 12 herbaceous species were recorded, belonging to 10 genera and 7 families. The ranking of niche breadth showed no clear qualitative association with IV. (2) Niche overlap (Oik) among species was generally high. Fifty-eight species pairs had Oik > 0.60. Most herbaceous species differed only slightly in their environmental and resource requirements, indicating interspecific competition. (3) Overall species associations were significantly positive. The ratios of positive to negative associations were 12.2 based on the χ2 test, the interspecific association coefficient (AC), and Spearman rank correlation. Species were strongly associated. The community was at the mid-successional stage. (4) Diversity indices followed a normal distribution. The community showed moderate richness and evenness, with pronounced dominance. For future conservation, species with similar ecological preferences and biological traits should be selected. Management should adjust and optimize species composition to improve resource use efficiency and enhance community stability.

Aiming at the problem of insufficient note-level attribute modulation and the difficulty of fusion of cross-genre musical elements, the study proposes a hierarchical conditional embedding mechanism and a symbolic feature conditional diffusion method. Through the dynamic gated fusion of note-structure and adaptive acoustic modulation guided by symbols, it optimizes the millisecond precision generation of melodic rhythm and the synergistic control efficiency of high-fidelity audio synthesis. This enables fine-grained controlled generation of cross-cultural heterogeneous music. The experimental results indicated that the model achieved 96.2% note localization accuracy in cross-cultural scenarios, which was 12.8% higher than the benchmark. The minimum value of beat synchronization deviation was 1.7 ms, which was 52.9% lower than the optimal comparison model. The average value of polyphony duration was 70.6%, an improvement of 9.8%. Differential scale fusion reached 12.5 tone level, breaking through the limit of twelve equal temperament. The peak memory occupation was 198.3 MB, and the energy consumption of a single song was as low as 0.142 kWh, reducing energy consumption by 29.4% compared with the traditional solution. The professional composition evaluation revealed that the cultural coordination degree of the heterogeneous style fusion fragment was 92.1%. The real-time generation delay stabilized at 2.8 ms, and the generation quality improved by 38.7% compared to the industrial standard. These results proved the model's comprehensive advantages in cross-dimensional control and artistic expression. This model can be integrated into digital audio workstations (DAWs) as either a plug-in or a cloud API. It provides creators with real-time, interactive generation and style transfer capabilities. It provides intuitive control over both macro-level structure and micro-level acoustic details via natural language commands or symbolic input. This significantly lowers the barrier to high-quality, AI-assisted creation. This drives the popularization and application of cross-cultural music fusion exploration.

In this paper, we determine the unique graph whose least eigenvalue attains the minimum among all the connected simple graphs with given clique number.