Yarmouk University

introduction: Triazole compounds and their Acetamide derivatives have received great attention due to their intriguing pharmacological properties. They have become increasingly useful and important in constructing bioactive and functional molecules. materials and methods: Compounds were derived from isophthalic and terephthalic acids. The compounds 6a-d were prepared by reacting the hydrazides of acids with various aryl isothiocyanate followed by refluxing with potassium hydroxide for 6 hours. Different 2-bromo-N-(4-substitutedphenyl) acetamide 3a-f were prepared by reacting different substituted anilines with bromoacetyl bromide in an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. The compounds 7a-p were then derived by reacting 6a-d with 3a-f for about 30 minutes in an ethanolic solution of potassium hydroxide. The new compounds were fully characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR spectroscopy. ABTS and DPPH assays were performed to explore the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the compounds 6a-c and 7a-p investigated by employing the broth micro broth dilution method. The cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated using CCK-8 kit. results: New compounds were produced with good yields of 60-93%. Thiol compounds 6a-c demonstrated radical inhibition behavior. The inhibition percentage increases with increasing concentration of the compounds in both scavenging assays. Most new compounds 6a-c and 7a-p displayed a MIC value of 128 µg/mL against examined gram negative and gram positive bacteria. All new compounds tested in this study were relatively safe in normal cells and did not instigate undesirable toxic effects. discussion: - conclusion: new compounds were successfully synthesized with good yield, fully characterized, and proved radical scavenging, moderate antibacterial activity and didn’t show desirable cytotoxicity in normal cells.

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a primary global public health concern since it is commonly recognized as the primary risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer globally. This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge and the prevailing attitudes of Jordanian nursing students toward hepatitis B, with a particular focus on identifying knowledge gaps and factors influencing their understanding and perceptions. Materials and methods A descriptive design was employed to collect data from December 1, 2023, to April 1, 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct convenience sampling among senior Jordanian nurses. Result A total of 455 participants were analyzed, revealing a young cohort with a mean age of 22.5 years. The participants demonstrated moderate knowledge of hepatitis B, with specific misconceptions identified. Besides, participants demonstrated a moderately positive attitude toward hepatitis B. However, demographic characteristics showed significant differences in knowledge by sex, whereas certain factors did not. Still, attitudes significantly differed based on those infected with hepatitis B and family members infected with hepatitis B. Conclusion This study focused on training and awareness programs to enhance knowledge and foster a positive attitude towards hepatitis B amongst nursing students. Moreover, combining these training and awareness activities would help improve hospital safety protocols in Jordan and ensure that a hepatitis B virus outbreak is averted.

Wearing wearable devices has become a part of daily life for many people worldwide. Wearables provide various applications, including health monitoring, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Since wearable devices are in close contact with the human body, considering human factors aspects during the design and development stages is essential for the success of future wearables. This research aims to assess the optimal body part for medical wearable sensors’ placement based on the wearable’s expert opinion questionnaire. The study focused on four main categories: cardiovascular monitoring, neuromuscular monitoring, biofluids, and gait disorders, considering three placement criteria: comfort, accuracy, and simplicity. Corresponding to the findings, there is a gap between the recent research outcomes and the experts’ answers. In particular, the answers to the questions related to the placements of wearable sensors for neurological and gait disorders were limited to the traditional clinical diagnosis techniques. This could be attributed to insufficient knowledge and collaboration between engineers and medical professionals. This highlights the need for a systematic way to evaluate the wearability of wearables based on their performance alongside wearability criteria by establishing a wearability assessment human-centric framework for each wearable sensor application supported by clinical studies and experimental data, which could reduce the time for development and commercialization of accurate, reliable, and comfortable wearable medical devices.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has traditionally been managed with population-based, protocolized mechanical ventilation strategies designed to limit ventilator-induced lung injury. While these approaches have improved outcomes, they fail to account for the pronounced biological, mechanical, radiological, and temporal heterogeneity that characterizes ARDS. Accumulating evidence shows that patients differ markedly in functional lung size, recruitability, chest wall mechanics, inflammatory burden, and tolerance to ventilatory stress, making uniform ventilatory targets physiologically imprecise and, at times, harmful. This narrative review examines the evolution from conventional lung-protective ventilation toward a precision-based paradigm that aligns ventilatory support with individual patient physiology. We conceptualize ARDS not as a static syndrome but as a dynamic spectrum, viewing the injured lung as a heterogeneous mechanical system susceptible to regionally amplified stress and strain. Within this framework, we discuss key principles underlying precision ventilation, including functional lung size (the "baby lung"), driving pressure, mechanical power, patient-ventilator interaction, spontaneous breathing-associated injury, and the time-dependent evolution of lung mechanics. We synthesize current evidence supporting mechanical, biological, and radiological subphenotyping as complementary strategies to individualize ventilatory management, while critically appraising their current limitations. This review also evaluates bedside tools that may operationalize precision ventilation in clinical practice, including esophageal pressure monitoring, lung ultrasound, and electrical impedance tomography, and examines the role of artificial intelligence as a clinician-directed decision-support aid rather than a prescriptive substitute for physiological reasoning. Implications for clinical trial design, ethical considerations, and future directions toward predictive and adaptive ventilation strategies are also addressed. Precision mechanical ventilation represents a shift from rigid thresholds toward proportional, physiology-guided intervention across the disease trajectory. By integrating evolving lung mechanics, ventilatory load, and patient effort over time, this approach provides a coherent framework for safer and more effective mechanical ventilation in ARDS while preserving the core principles of lung protection.

To investigate the influence of surface characteristics on the shear strength of sand-fines mixture soil-foundation interface, a modified shear box was utilized. In this study, a smooth and two textured (or rough) surfaces that simulate conventional and innovative foundation elements were used, and the soil-surfaces interface was subjected to monotonic shear loading. The soil used in the present study is a mixture of medium sand and fine-grained soils. Two sand-fines mixtures were prepared (i.e., 100% sand–0% fines and 60% sand–40% fines). The results presented herein show that the increase in roughness level of tested surfaces leads to an increase in the interface shear resistance when compared to smooth condition. The higher interface resistance of textured (or rough) surface could be attributed to the creation of highly confined soil wedges (passive zones) at the face of elements and soil dilation with the displacement of surfaces against interface soil at a constant rate. The percentage of increase was up to 68.5% for 100% sand–0% fines mixture and 75.0% for 60% sand–40% fines mixture soils when compared to the interface resistance of smooth surface, respectively. The findings of the present study encourage the adoption of foundation elements with a textured (or rough) surface in sites consisting of sand-fines mixture soils.

To determine the attitude of the medical students towards the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in undergraduate medical students at Jordanian universities. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted over three months, from October 2023 to December 2023, and 1099 medical students participated from different Jordanian universities. The survey comprised four key sections: demographics, AI Exposure, perceptions and future outlook, and ethical concerns. The survey revealed a notable gender disparity in AI usage among medical students, in which females constituted a larger proportion (74%). Among the types of chatbots used, ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) was the most popular and used by 47.5% of students, and 49.4% indicated 1–5 h saved per week when using chatbots in general. 35.4% agreed that AI would benefit their future careers as doctors, and 30% agreed that medical students should be educated about the limitations and potential risks of AI technologies in patient care. The findings underscore the importance of integrating discussions about AI in medical curricula to ensure students are well-informed and prepared for the evolving landscape of healthcare.