Zane State College

[Przedmiotem rozważań w monografii są bieżące trendy w rozwoju pieniądza. Wynikają one z głębokich zmian społecznych, gospodarczych i – przede wszystkim – technologicznych. Trendy te dotyczą zarówno samej jednostki pieniężnej, jak i uwarunkowań instytucjonalnych tworzenia pieniądza, odnoszących się do niego regulacji i posługiwania się współczesnym pieniądzem. W tym kontekście na szczególną uwagę zasługują takie kwestie, jak zmiany w formach pieniądza, pojawianie się innowacji płatniczych i walut cyfrowych, a także wyzwania, jakie rodzi to dla tradycyjnej fizycznej gotówki, banków centralnych oraz regulacji sfery monetarnej. Monografia składa się z sześciu rozdziałów. Przedmiotem rozważań w rozdziale pierwszym jest współczesny pieniądz – jego rozumienie, formy, funkcje oraz czynniki kreacji. W rozdziale drugim skupiono się na tradycyjnej formie pieniądza, jaką jest fizyczna (papierowa) gotówka. Treścią rozdziału trzeciego są innowacyjne instrumenty pieniądza bezgotówkowego. Rozdział czwarty dotyczy kryptowalut – ich genezy, definicji, cech oraz tego, na ile można je postrzegać jako pieniądz i czy instrumenty te mogą w przyszłości zająć miejsce tradycyjnych walut. W rozdziale piątym scharakteryzowano swoistą odpowiedź banków centralnych na kryptowaluty, jaką są waluty cyfrowe banków centralnych (CBDC). Rozdział szósty zaś poświęcono wyzwaniom w zakresie regulacji, jakie generuje rozwój nowych form pieniądza oraz innowacji płatniczych.] z zapowiedzi

In this article, basic ideals in a Leavitt path algebra over a com- mutative unital ring are studied. It is shown that for a nite acyclic graph E and a commutative unital ring R, the Leavitt path algebra LR(E) is a direct sum of minimal basic ideals and that for a commutative ring R and a graph E satisfying Condition (L), the Leavitt path algebra LR(E) has no non-zero nilpotent basic ideals. Uniqueness theorems for Leavitt path algebras over commutative unital rings are also discussed.

In this article, I argue that persons suffering from Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) can give informed consent to surgical measures designed to treat this disorder. This is true even if the surgery seems radical or irrational to most people. The decision to have surgery made by a BIID patient is not necessarily coerced, incompetent or uninformed. If surgery for BIID is offered, there should certainly be a screening process in place to insure informed consent. It is beyond the scope of this work, however, to define all the conditions that should be placed on the availability of surgery. However, I argue, given the similarities between BIID and gender dysphoria and the success of such gatekeeping measures for the surgical treatment of gender dysphoria, it is reasonable that similar conditions be in place for BIID. Once other treatment options are tried and gatekeeping measures satisfied, A BIID patient can give informed consent to radical surgery.

In this article, we introduce the idea of Lie regular elements and study 2 × 2 Lie regular matrices. It is shown that the linear groups GL(2, ℤ2 n ), GL(2, ℤ p n ), and GL(2, ℤ2p ) (where p is an odd prime) can be genrated by Lie regular matrices. Presentations of linear groups GL(2, ℤ4), GL(2, ℤ6), GL(2, ℤ8), and GL(2, ℤ10) are also given.

Firearms have been noted as a risk factor in youth suicide, but this has not necessarily translated effectively into the clinical setting. There is little information from the mental health field on firearm counseling interventions with parents of adolescents. The intent of this study was to uncover adolescent mental health clinicians' endorsements of specific messaging strategies on firearm access and safety counseling geared toward parents of depressed and suicidal adolescents. A total of 24 clinicians from a rural area took part in a focus group study. As part of the focus group, mental health counselors looked at six short paragraphs that phrased counseling parents on suicide and firearms. They were asked to identify three sentences across these paragraphs that they felt would be useful with parents of depressed or suicidal adolescents in counseling. Results found 66 responses that resulted in the recognition of 16 common statements across participants. The frequency of statements was examined, qualitatively analyzed and grouped according to messaging concept. The results indicated that the sentences the counselors identified fit into five concepts: Risk, Empathy, Impulsivity, Lethal Means Restriction Counseling, and Parental Responsibility. The present study provides insight into message strategies identified as helpful in engaging parents in discussions of firearms when the risk of adolescent suicide is present.

The Oath (Cuba/Yemen). 2010. 96 minutes. In English and Arabic with English subtitles. Producer/Director: Laura Poitras; Distributor: Zeitgeist Films Ltd., 247 Centre Street, New York NY 10013 (212 274–1989; fax: 212 274–1644; mail@zeitgeistfilms.com; http://zeitgeistfilms.com). - Volume 46 Issue 1

Abstract Now that you have made the exciting decision to sketch the Moon, your thoughts will no doubt be turning towards the practicalities – which art materials should you use, what about observing equipment, and how will you see what you are drawing if you are outside in the dark, and so on. Everyone new to astronomical sketching goes through this process. We hope this section of practical hints and tips will help to answer those questions for you and ensure a successful start to your lunar sketching journey.KeywordsLunar Reconnaissance OrbiterFull BlackGraphite PencilDrawing BoardIndividual SheetThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the coping self-efficacy (CSE) scale and adherence to HIV medication in men and women enrolled in a large HIV treatment program in Kenya. Data were collected from a sample of 354 volunteers attending Nazareth Hospital's nine satellite clinics located in parts of Nairobi, and the central province of Kenya. A social demographic survey, Adult Clinical Trials Group adherence questionnaire, and CSE scale were used to obtain information. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were performed to analyze data and to test study hypotheses. Females were less likely to be nonadherent than males: the odds of adherence for females were 3.7 of the odds of adherence for males. Controlling for gender, CSE was significant. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy can be partially explained by CSE. Efforts aimed at building self-efficacy are likely to improve and maintain adherence to HIV and other medication. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

It is shown that (1) every almost self-injective group algebra is self-injective and (2) if the group algebra KG is continuous, then G is a locally finite group. Furthermore, it follows that the following assertions are equivalent: a CS group algebra KG is continuous; KG is principally self-injective; the group G is locally finite.