Переписка И.М. Ободовской и М.А. Дементьева с Т.Г. Цявловской (по материалам архива Ободовской-Дементьева в Государственном музее А.С. Пушкина)

Satellite telemetry data are commonly used to quantify habitat selection, examine animal movements, and delineate home ranges. These data also contain valuable information concerning dens, nests, roosts, and other central places that are often associated with important life history events and may exhibit unique characteristics; however, using satellite telemetry data to study central places is complicated by common nuances like locational error and animal movement. We coupled a novel modeling framework that accounts for these nuances with an Argos satellite telemetry dataset to examine the spatiotemporal behavior associated with harbor seal haul‐out sites on Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA. The methodology incorporates an observation model that accommodates multiple sources of uncertainty in telemetry data and a flexible Bayesian nonparametric model to uncover latent clustering in the telemetry locations. We also contribute extensions to examine the effect of covariates on site selection and to obtain population‐level inference concerning central place use. Harbor seal haul‐out sites generally occurred in inlets and bays, areas that are isolated from the open water of the Gulf of Alaska. Most individuals selected haul‐out sites that were protected from wave exposure. The effects of bathymetry and shoreline complexity on haul‐out site selection were variable among individual seals, as were the effects of time of day, time since low tide, and day of year on temporal patterns of haul‐out use. As repositories of satellite telemetry data on a wide variety of species accumulate, so do opportunities for using this information to learn about the locations of central places, as well as the temporal patterns in their use. The model‐based approach we describe offers a practical and rigorous means for gaining insight concerning these sensitive locations, knowledge of which is important for the effective management and conservation of many species.

Abstract: The 2021 national strike was undoubtedly one of the most important events in Colombia's recent history. Never before had the social protest reached such intensity and breadth as was expressed on April 28, and it continued for at least four months in different cities. Many social sectors with dissimilar agendas demonstrated in the streets throughout the country and faced the repressive and excessive response of the police that left several dead, mutilated, or missing. In this context, the Indigenous movement, one of the main groups participating in the protest, took on public intervention actions in which spirituality had a central place, among them, the call for a "social and communal minga for the care of life." This act, which staged a ritual to constitute a community and popular guard, is an example of how religion is expressed outside the areas socially assigned to it, and allows us to think about the close relationship between spirituality and politics beyond the normative frameworks of liberal secularism. From this perspective, I am interested in exploring the way in which these spiritualities mobilize powers and relationships (with humans and non-humans) as part of a political proposal that problematizes established social orders, subverts dominant frameworks of intelligibility about cultural difference and religious diversity, and challenges our political imagination about what democracy should be. Resumen: El paro nacional de 2021 fue sin duda uno de los acontecimientos más importantes de la historia reciente de Colombia. Nunca antes la protesta social había alcanzado una intensidad y amplitud como la que se expresó a partir del 28 de abril (28A), y se continuó al menos durante cuatro meses en distintas ciudades. Muchos sectores sociales con agendas disímiles se manifestaron en las calles a lo largo y ancho del país y debieron enfrentar la respuesta represiva y desmedida de la Policía que dejó varios muertos, mutilados y desaparecidos. En ese contexto, el movimiento indígena, uno de los actores sociales movilizados, asumió acciones de intervención pública en los que la espiritualidad tuvo un lugar central, entre ellos, el llamado a una "minga social y comunitaria por el cuidado de la vida". Este acto, que puso en escena un ritual para constituir una guardia comunitaria y popular, es un ejemplo de cómo lo religioso se expresa fuera de los ámbitos socialmente asignados a la religión, y nos permite pensar la estrecha relación entre espiritualidad y política, más allá de los marcos normativos propios del secularismo liberal. Desde esta perspectiva, me interesa explorar, de forma situada y en contexto, la manera en que estas espiritualidades movilizan poderes y relaciones (con humanos y no humanos), como parte de una propuesta política que problematiza órdenes sociales establecidos, subvierte marcos de inteligibilidad dominantes sobre la diferencia cultural y la diversidad religiosa, y reta nuestra imaginación política sobre el deber ser de la democracia.

O'Neill, Cognition, and the Common Core Standards

Literary works with historical content are literary works created by writers referring to historically valuable events, namely important human events occurred in the past. The literary works also contain historical messages, such as the heroic values. Literary learning activities to appreciate historically charged literary works containing heroic stories can be used as a way to instill heroic values ​​in students. For this reason, literary learning activities are needed that are able to correctly process the heroic values ​​contained in historical literary works so that these values ​​are able to have a strong influence on the lives of students. In this learning activity, the activities were selected from those directly and indirectly related to the activities of appreciating literature. The activities are (1) reading heroic literature and discuss it (2) write or create heroic literature in the form of poetry and short stories, (3) celebrate heroic literature by reading poetry and reading short stories, and historical literature (4) dialogue about heroic films to enhance the horizon and (5) develop an attitude of respect for heroism by appreciating heroism in everyday life as a form of appreciation. Literary learning can be used as a vehicle to instill the value of heroism by making historical literature as the topic of discussion and by processing it as activities that can be an arena for internalization and externalization. The internalization process encourages to instill the values ​​into students' personalities and externalizing processes can be made through various expressions, so that students are trained to understand the values ​​in their lives.

The article studies the process of changing religious policy in the context of socio-political reforms of the 1980s; analyzes the factors that contributed to the soviet religious policy and the impact of the policy’s changes on the religious life of the 1990s. It discusses the period when Russian society was continuing to looking for a consensus on the role of religion in the public and political spheres. Based on the state archives materials (The State archive of the Russian Federation and The Russian State archive of modern history) this research aims to identify the functions of the Union and Republican Councils for religious Affairs as the key institutions implementing religious policy. The author comes to the conclusion that the 1980s religious policy was manifested in the conceptual rethinking of the place of religion in everyday discourse. Changes in religious policy have caused not only a development of the relationship between the state and the faithful. They contributed to the new phenomena of soviet society, for example, certain religious groups, previously recognized as “extremist”, have become actively involved in the legal field and “normal” social activities. An important event was the celebration a millennium since the 988 Baptism of Rus’ when Gorbachev received Patriarch Pimen and other Holy Synod members inside the Kremlin. The transition to new forms and methods of interaction with religious institutions was realized. The faith reemerged into the public sphere and believers engaged in charity, education, mission and publishing. As a result of the resurgence of religious freedom and the democratization of the legal regulation regarding religious organizations was the adoption in 1990 of the new law “On freedom of conscience and religious organizations”.

Mental illness is widespread among Indigenous people in Australia and mental disorders are reported to be the leading cause of disease burden after cardiovascular disease. Indigenous males are affected by mental health problems at higher rates than their non-Indigenous counterparts. This is evident from the higher levels of psychological distress, higher hospitalisation rates and higher death rates due to mental and behavioural conditions among Indigenous men. However Indigenous men do not commonly receive treatment from mental health services. The literature highlights two important reasons. One is that they do not access mainstream mental health services in proportion to their need and the second is the suggestion that mental health services may be culturally inappropriate and inaccessible. This study sought to establish the qualitative factors that influence Indigenous male help seeking and aspects of the service setting that impede access. The specific objectives of this study were fourfold. The study sought to first examine the factors that influence Indigenous male help seeking for mental health problems. Second, the study aimed to identify the factors affecting utilisation of mental health services. Third, the study intended to determine the barriers and facilitators to care for Indigenous men with mental disorders and finally, it sought to identify strategies to improve access to and utilisation of mental health services by Indigenous men in Gippsland. The study was informed by the guidelines on values and ethics proposed by the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Decolonising Methodology of Linda Tuhiwai Smith as well as methods suggested by other authors who have worked in the field of Indigenous health. Within a Qualitative Description design,semi-structured interviews were utilised to obtain narratives from Koori men and carers and mental health professionals. A total of seventeen Koori were interviewed including men, carers, social and emotional wellbeing workers and a hospital liaison officer. In addition, 28 staff from the mental health services were interviewed individually or in focus groups. A total of thirteen themes emanated from the data. These have been categorised into three results chapters. The first results chapter relates to obstacles faced by Koori men in seeking help for a mental illness. This chapter covers the four themes of recognising a mental illness, disclosing one‟s mental illness, reluctance to contact a service, and alternate ways of coping. The second results chapter focuses on the mismatch between mainstream mental health services and includes the three themes, barriers to gaining entry into services, barriers to engagement with services and staffing problems in the services. The final results chapter relates to future directions and outlines six themes. The first two themes relate to improving help seeking among Indigenous men. They include improving mental health awareness among the Community and empowering men to talk about problems. The next four themes relate to rendering services more accessible. They include, building men‟s confidence in services, developing relationships with the Koori community, enhancing flexibility of services and strengthening the role of the Koori Mental Health Liaison Officer. The results are then discussed in relation to the literature on help seeking and available services. In this section, the unique experiences of Koori men with regard to help seeking and service utilisation together with implications for future research and interventions are discussed. Other co-incidental learnings from the study include the need to provide for a long time frame for research involving Koori men, the need to adopt a flexible approach to research and the need to engage cultural advisors who represent different sections of the Koori community. The distinctive aspects of this research are multiple. First, it provides the first in-depth exploration of help seeking among Indigenous men with mental health problems. Second, it sheds light on the various barriers to Indigenous men accessing mental health services. Third, it gives voice to Koori people to indicate how they expect mental health services to be culturally appropriate. Fourth, it provides the first report of dual perspectives of Koori men and carers as well as service providers in improving services. The best solutions for a difficult situation are usually those that include perspectives of all stakeholders. Finally, the research was carried out in a culturally appropriate way and in so doing the researcher has not only been able to identify real challenges and solutions but has also taken a step forward in improving the reputation of research among Indigenous men in Gippsland. Future research will have to determine the feasibility and usefulness of the interventions suggested.

Living under Stalin's Rule in Kazakhstan Mekhmet Volkan Kaşıkçı (bio) Zh. B. Abylkhozhin, M. L. Akulov, and A. V. Tsai, eds., Zhivaia pamiat´: Stalinizm v Kazakhstane—proshloe, pamiat´, preodolenie. 332 pp. 2ndexp. ed. Almaty: Dajk-Press, 2020. ISBN 13 978-6012901108. Published in English as Stalinism in Kazakhstan: History, Memory, and Representation, trans. Simon Pawley and Anton Platonov. 212 pp. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2021. ISBN 13 978-1793641625. $100.00. Roberto J. Carmack, Kazakhstan in World War II: Mobilization and Ethnicity in the Soviet Empire. 272 pp. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2019. ISBN 13 978-0700628254. $50.00. Allen J. Frank, Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhstan. 153 pp. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2019. ISBN 13 978-3700183341. $33.00. Maksim Kim, Karaganda: Zhizn´ liudei v gorode uglia, 1931–1941 gg. ( Karaganda: People's Lives in a Coal Town, 1931–1941). 216 pp. Moscow: R osspen, 2017. ISBN 978-5824321623. For the first time, Stalinist rule in Kazakhstan has attracted much attention beyond the field of Central Asian studies thanks to Sarah Cameron's book on the Kazakh famine of 1930–33. 1Cameron's book has won several prestigious book prizes in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian studies. The horrible famine of 1930–33 was the most important event that shaped the Soviet Kazakh experience. Whereas the Ukrainian famine is now widely recognized [End Page 905]as the "Holodomor," however, the Kazakh famine is still largely unknown in the rest of the world. Although Cameron's book has been vital in introducing Kazakhstan's Soviet experience to a wider audience, its reception as the first scholarly account of the Kazakh famine has created an image of a completely stagnant field that does not do justice to all the other historians, both local and international, who have made significant contributions to the study of famine and other issues in the history of Soviet Kazakhstan. The goal of this review essay is to introduce the main debates on Stalinist rule in Kazakhstan and to acknowledge contributions from both local and international historians. Including books published in Kazakhstan, Russia, Europe, and North America serves this purpose well. Stalinism or Stalinist rule here does not merely refer to repression, although that is an inseparable aspect of this period. Instead, I bring together works on repression (including famine, the anti-Islamic campaign, the Great Terror, and ethnic deportations), religion, social policies, mobilization, and the war experience. In contemporary scholarship, we are usually stuck with two separate histories of Soviet Central Asia. On the one hand, we have a history of violence and repression in which collectivization, anti-Islamic destruction, and the Terror occupy a central place. On the other hand, we have a history of social and cultural development in which Central Asian intellectuals, politicians, artists, or women activists create a new culture and society in which violence and repression are rarely taken into account. This duality significantly limits our understanding of the Soviet experiment in Central Asia. Although the edited volume Zhivaia pamiat´is specifically devoted to repression, the other three books help us overcome this duality. In his social history of Karaganda, Maksim Kim understands the establishment of the Karaganda basin as a study of forced modernization which interweaves the formation of social policies and a draconian state apparatus. While Allen Frank focuses on the suppression of Sufi circles, he also shows continuities in Muslim culture and how even these suppressed religious figures were eventually integrated into the Soviet project. Roberto Carmack's book shifts the focus from the 1930s to the role of World War II in the formation of Soviet identities and the Sovietization of the republic's political and economic system. ________ Almost all aspects of Soviet Kazakh history are understudied; the famine is no exception. Yet it is hard to disagree with Catriona Kelly, who writes in [End Page 906]her introduction to Zhivaia pamiat´that the cover description of Cameron's book as "the first scholarly account of the murderous famine of 1930–33" by a leading historian of modern Central Asia is a bizarre comment (10). It is difficult to understand why the book is presented as...

The article deals with the interaction between the authorities and society in solving problems in the rear in connection with the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. Smolensk province, thanks to the presence of railroads and self-government bodies in the form of zemstvos and towns, despite the remoteness of the province from the front, was involved in the all-Russian programs of assistance to the army and the population affected by the war. However, these events on the territory of the province have not been studied so far. The presence in the Smolensk State Archive of dozens of files with great information potential makes it possible to analyze the contribution of the inhabitants of Smolensk province and its administration to the liberation of the Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula. The materials of the Smolensk State Archives on the subject are of a clerical nature. They are stored in the fonds of the Office of the Smolensk Governor (F. 1), Smolensk provincial zemstvo (F. 7), Smolensk city council (F. 65). The uniformity of the sources corresponds to the objectives of the study. The system of local administrative institutions and public organizations for the treatment of the wounded, accommodation of prisoners and assistance to the families of servicemen and the activities accompanying these activities are studied from the perspective of the system approach and event analysis. The analysis of sources has shown that the system of rear institutions and relations was formed under the influence of the central government, but its organizational forms, practices and procedures of interaction were formed locally and were a reflection not only of government policy, but also of the positive perception of the war by the local population and the presence of the necessary public structures on the territory of Smolensk province. The central place in the system of these institutions was occupied by the local Care for Wounded and Sick Soldiers, which was a structural subdivision of the Red Cross on the territory of the province, with the governor acting as coordinator. During the war years in Smolensk province an extensive network of temporary evacuation hospitals was created, which were under the jurisdiction of the provincial administration of the Care for the Wounded and Sick and zemstvo institutions. Thousands of wounded were treated in them. The article presents other actions to help the army: collection of warm clothes among the population, assistance to the families of servicemen who suffered from the war. The author concludes that the organizational forms and practices developed in Smolensk province during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 became a kind of approbation of similar measures applied in the rear during the First World War.

In the context of socio-economic transformations taking place in the Russian state, characterized by a difficult financial and economic situation, a serious problem is the fight against fires that cause significant harm to people’s lives and health, and huge economic and environmental damage. Modern advances in science and technology have made it possible to create numerous means of preventing fires, but these days, fires are not uncommon. The main reason for the low effectiveness of the disclosure and investigation of fire-related offenses is the ingrained and widespread practice of omissions when working at the fire site, when it is still objectively possible to collect all the necessary information about the fire. Therefore the special sharpness is got by a problem of improvement of professional skill of the persons investigating the fires. The lack of training of investigators in this regard leads to the fact that the investigation of fire cases does not give the desired results. This circumstance increases the importance of applying special knowledge in the field of natural and technical Sciences, allowing in a difficult situation to establish cause-and-effect relationships between elements of the mechanism of a criminal event, including both human actions and manifestations of objective laws of nature.

The article is devoted to a large-scale research work in the field of literary museology, which has no analogues in Russian historiography, carried out according to the idea and concept of the project coordinator E. A. Vorontsova and implemented by the V. I. Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature in collaboration with the Association of Literary Museums with the support of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is an analytical review of some subjects of the encyclopedia related to the formation of literary museums, mainly in the regions of the country, as well as the search for their interrelationships, common and special features in development. Using the example of the biography and creative heritage of A. S. Green, the author shows the possibilities of reading the museum history associated with the name of this writer, recorded in the encyclopedia. The active work of museums leads to the creation of communities, such as the Aksakov Community, which includes libraries, other cultural institutions, and educational institutions aimed at collecting, storing, researching and popularizing materials of the life and work of writers. The author concludes that the encyclopedia profoundly characterizes all the diversity of literary museums in Russia, among which there are museums dedicated to literary works, and library-museums that allow creating “places of memory” of writers. The article states that the chronological and thematic scope, factography with deep analysis, interdisciplinary and systematic approaches in covering the phenomena of museum culture, informative scientific reference apparatus, professionalism of the editorial and author’s teams allow us to talk about the encyclopedia as the most important event in the museum life of Russia, reflecting a high degree of its generalization, and, therefore, and as a phenomenon of Russian culture.

ObjectivesThe present study aims to describe the dental visiting patterns in a Norwegian adult population and their associations with sociodemographic and oral health variables, including oral pain. We further explore if the utilization of dental health services and oral pain predicts caries and periodontitis, the most common oral diseases.Materials and MethodsWe use data from the seventh wave of the Tromsø study performed in 2015–2016. In this cross‐sectional survey, all residents 40 years or older in Tromsø municipality in Norway were invited, of whom 21,083 (65%) participated. All participants answered questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, use of health services, and self‐reported health measures, including pain. Almost 4000 participants underwent a dental examination with registration of caries and periodontitis. Associations of dental visiting patterns and utilization of dental services the past 12 months with sociodemographic‐, self‐reported‐, and clinical oral health measures were analyzed by cross‐tabulation and Pearson's χ2 tests, as well as with logistic regression analyses with caries and periodontitis as outcomes.ResultsA regular, annual dental visiting pattern was the most common, but among respondents with severe dental anxiety and poor dental health, visiting for acute problems only or never (symptomatic visiting) was the most common. Intervals of more than 24 months between visits and a symptomatic visiting pattern were associated with caries, whereas shorter than 12‐month intervals and a symptomatic visiting pattern were associated with periodontitis. Many characteristics were shared among respondents with the lowest and the highest utilization of dental services, including oral pain, a difficult financial situation and poorer self‐reported and clinical dental health.ConclusionsRegular dental visits at 12–24 month intervals were associated with beneficial oral health parameters, compared with more frequent, rarer, and symptomatic dental visiting patterns. Oral pain was an unreliable predictor of caries and periodontitis.

Individual factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in between and during pandemic waves (July–December 2020)

The article deals with the notarial act of 1295 that confirms the grant of a relic by the chapter of St Just of Lyons to the Florentine monastery San Giusto alle Mura. The primary attention is paid to the reasons that prompted the canons to give a part of the relics to a little known monastery. It is an attempt to ascertain the circumstances of the deal that were not reflected in the document. The substituted data allows us to conclude that at the end of the 13th century the chapter of St Just was in a difficult financial situation. The grant of the relic was accompanied by large expenses on the part of its initiator, Florentine of Lyons Bernarduccio Aldobrandeschi. It is possible to assume that the chapter actually sold the relic, having probably paid thus their unsettled debts. Taking in account the value of the object of the transaction and its questionable character, the canons got advantageous terms. The sale was presented as a conditional gift, the notarial act underlined unselfish motives of the canons, and the recipients of the gift guaranteed a proper respect of the relic. Formally the aim of the grant was to disseminate the cult of the saint, although the canons could count on this in addition to other benefits of the transaction. Despite the efforts of the Florentines, the possession of the relic did not help the nuns to improve the status of their monastery and get the preference in their dispute with a local parish patron.

The economic problems of mortgage takers, especially in light of the global financial crisis, is a very important issue, both from the point of view of housing policy and the stability of the banking sector. The analysis of the situation of mortgagors is usually limited to determining the percentage of mortgages in default. We compared the revealed mortgage repayment problems among Poles (arrears) with the unrevealed ones (such as high housing cost burden, inability to bear unexpected expenses), which we defined as housing cost stress. Next, we compared these problems with those of tenants at market rates. We found that, although we observe only a small percentage of mortgagors who are in arrears with their housing costs in Poland (about 3%), a large proportion of borrowers (about half of them) are in a difficult financial situation. At the same time, we noticed that their situation is still better than that of market rent tenants, because only one in five renters did not experience problems with covering housing costs. Among tenants, singles were much more likely to suffer from housing cost stress.

Of the four medieval cities (and dioceses) of Frankish Cyprus – Nicosia, Paphos, Limassol, and Famagusta – Paphos has received the least attention. Continuing work on the Bullarium Cyprium project, which involves editing the papal letters referring to the island, provides a window into the ecclesiastical history of the town. This is the second of three articles in this journal that complete Jean Richard’s work on the bishops of Paphos in the period of the Avignon papacy (1309–1377). With some notes on Bishop Jacques More (1309–1321), this paper focuses on his successor, Aimery de Nabinaud, OFM, the first member of an illustrious family of ecclesiastics who served Cyprus in the 14th century. First noted in 1310, when he was teaching at the Minorite convent in Famagusta, Aimery was an important advisor to King Henry II (†1324), he was eventually elevated to Bishop of Paphos in 1322. We know most about Aimery’s diplomatic activities with the Kingdom of Armenia in Cilicia from 1310 until his death, as well as the difficult financial situation he left to his successor as bishop, Géraud de Veyrines.