СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ РИСК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В ЦЕЛЯХ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ НЕНЕФТЯНОГО СЕКТОРА АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССОВ

The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of the conceptual foundations and models of integrated risk management for industrial enterprises, particularly the machine building sector in Ukraine, in the context of increasing economic uncertainty in the external environment. It has been demonstrated that the effectiveness of enterprise operations largely depends on the quality of the risk management system, which should be an integral part of strategic management. This enables the mitigation of the negative impact of uncertainty and allows risk to be used as a tool to enhance the adaptability and competitiveness of the enterprise. The advantages and disadvantages of the main risk management models are systematized. It is shown that each model has its own methodological logic and area of application; however, the highest level of efficiency is achieved through the integrated use within the corporate risk management system. The article summarizes practical recommendations for building an efficient risk management system in enterprises: establishing a risk management policy and defining strategic directions; implementing international risk management standards; developing an internal control system; involving staff at all levels in risk management processes; and automating control procedures. The research results show that an integrated risk management system, tailored to the specifics of industrial enterprises, enhances the efficiency of managerial decision-making, ensures strategic resilience, and minimizes the impact of external and internal threats. The proposed approaches provide a basis for improving corporate risk management systems in the context of transformation and increasing competition. Prospects for further research involve developing an organizational and economic mechanism for risk management that would consider modern challenges and trends in the development of industrial enterprises, as well as creating a system of indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management, which will allow assessing the efficiency of managerial decisions based on quantitative and qualitative criteria.

The nature and peculiarities of formation of risks of economic activity of enterprise are researched. Expediency of application of instruments of adaptive risk management of economic activity of enterprise on the basis of use of the situational approach and study of the risk management system in dynamics is substantiated. A model of adaptive risk management of economic activity of enterprise on the basis of precedents has been formed, which includes subsystems of active and reactive risk management. Important components of influence on the adaptive management system are the current risk situation caused by the existing risk factors, the dynamics of risk factors development and the strategy of risk management of economic activity adopted by the enterprise, which defines the targets, priorities and prerequisites for making adaptive management decisions at the enterprise in the face of risk. The accumulation of information about the object of management within this model allows developing optimal management decisions, accumulating information about adaptive decisions in the Bank of precedents of management decisions and using them as a template for making management decisions in similar (typical) situations. It is substantiated that an important feature of the development of the system of adaptive management of economic risks at enterprise is the presence of a certain direction of transformation - the vector of development of the adaptive management system. A vector model of adaptive transformation of the risk management system at enterprise has been proposed, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the process of development of the system of adaptive risk management of economic activity of enterprise. Building a model of risk management at enterprise on the basis of precedents, taking into account the vector nature of its development, will contribute to a holistic understanding of the patterns of formation and transformation of the system of adaptive risk management of economic activity at enterprise. The study substantiates the feasibility of using an adaptive approach in the system of enterprise economic risk management, which is considered as a flexible open system capable of self-learning and progressive development. The use of precedents for making adaptive management decisions increases the system's ability to self-develop and more effectively adapt to the changing conditions of the external and internal environment of the enterprise.

Task. Issues devoted to the delimitation of methods and procedures of related scientific areas: risk management, economic security, management and risk management are studied and researched by many authors. This gives rise to thoughts about a single basic basis for the listed scientific movements. So, the author, in order to avoid constant repetition of listing the scientific directions under consideration in the article, calls them directions, economic categories, etc., but the problem raised by the author of the article is the differentiation of the main elements, in particular methods, procedures, goals, objectives, principles between the studied categories, namely risk management, economic security, management and risk management. The purpose of the article is to systematize the listed elements and consider their duplication in the scientific areas under consideration. Model. The author systematizes, on the basis of those reviewed by modern economists and analysts, as well as classic scientific works, the basic elements of risk management, economic security, management and risk management. An attempt was made to find an answer to the question «are there specific developed methods and techniques for risk management of an organization that would distinguish it from the risk management system and other scientific areas?» Conclusions. Economic categories: risk management, economic security, management and risk management are considered as a single process in economic research, and therefore economists do not have a clear opinion and understanding of the differences between these categories. Practical significance. A comparative analysis of the essence of the main elements of risk management, economic security, management and risk management allows us to determine the most appropriate methods and procedures for the practical application of risk management in organizations. Allows you to develop an understanding of the implementation of risk management principles in organizations to achieve their goals. Originality. The list of goals, objectives, procedures and principles of risk management, economic security, management and risk management has been clarified, expanded and systematized.

This chapter outlines the two main frameworks – ISO 31000 and Committee on Sponsoring Organization's Enterprise Risk Management – which are used globally as guides on risk management systems. In Canada ISO: 31000 were adopted as a national standard, and in March 2010, the British Standards Institute also integrated the international standard into its own portfolio, as BS ISO 31000. Risk assessment involves three sub-elements – identification, analysis, and evaluation, which help a manager, decide how to respond to a specific risk, given the context and the organisational risk appetite. Communication of risk information should be both internal, for control purposes, and external, for reasons of accountability. Consultation helps management understand how well risks are being managed, how and if controls are working and where they are not, and utilise suggestions on how the process can be improved. In so doing, recording and reporting provides a mechanism for accountability, which is essential to a risk management system.

A key feature of risk analysis is that risk assessment and risk management should be functionally separated. However, the usefulness of a risk assessment may be limited if the output is not designed to help with risk management decisions. The COMRISK project investigated the communication between risk assessors and risk managers. The overall goal of the project was to identify current practices and challenges in communication between risk assessors and risk managers during the risk analysis process, and thus increase and improve the understanding and the quality of the communication between them. Specific actions to achieve this aim included reviewing of historical food safety cases, analysing risk assessment requests, identifying communication guiding documents, including legislation and agreements, conducting semi-structured interviews with risk assessors and risk managers, and identifying tools for facilitating the communication between risk assessors and risk managers. It was concluded that the usefulness of a risk assessment is strongly dependent on well-defined and mutually recognised risk questions and that scarce or poor communication between risk assessors and risk managers is one of the major reasons when an output from risk assessment fails to support risk management. The communication between risk assessors and risk managers preceding the onset of the risk assessment, when the risk assessment requests with its risk questions are defined, is especially identified as one of the critical points to ensure a risk assessment that is fit for purpose. However, difficulties in understanding were also reported for the communication between risk assessors and risk managers during and after the risk assessment. Lack of communication is seldom a result of formal constraints or agreements nor can it be explained by a wish of the risk assessors or risk managers. Instead, perceived constraints or traditions appear to be possible underlying factors leading to scarce or poor communication between risk assessors and risk managers. It is essential that both risk assessors and risk managers acknowledge the crucial importance of communication between them while at the same time respect their different roles in a risk analysis.According to respondents, the best solution to facilitate the framing of the risk assessment questions isan open dialogue between risk assessors and risk managers to agree on the goal of the assessment and to build trust. Further, the interviewresults indicate that a formal systematic process may facilitate communication during the risk analysis. Where there is uncertainty, e.g due to data gaps or issues related to the methodology and models, it should be acknowledged and described properly by risk assessors to risk managers. Training of risk assessors and risk managers may improve the possibility of a timely and fit-for-purpose output.Such a training should give a deeper insight in the risk management process, give a better understanding of the risk managers role, and especially raise the awareness of the importance of the communication between risk assessors and risk managers.To improve the risk analysis process, it is also important that the risk assessor gets feedback regarding how risk assessments have met the needs of the risk managers.The present study also found that aspects of risk communication studied in this project are not extensively discussed in the guidance documents for risk analysis. More research is needed to identify the barriers for a fit for purpose communication.

Recent well-publicized cruise and ferry ship accidents have been a wake-up call to the shipping industry. These events raise the need for ship owners to use more advanced risk management approaches. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has become an integral part of modern corporations, especially in safety critical industries where unsafe operations can lead to catastrophic accidents that result in loss of life, huge financial losses and the potential demise of the corporation. This paper presents the current findings of an on-going research to determine the best implementation of a Risk Management System (RMS) integrated with the Safety Management System (SMS) at cruise and ferry operating companies. The hypothesis is that ship management companies with better enterprise risk management will have better safety records and stronger financial performance. The paper presents the results of the application of Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP)/Systems Theoretic Process and Analysis (STPA) to a ferry operator to analyse the organizational performance of their risk and safety management systems. Initial results from the analysis showed gaps in communication paths, lack of tracking of risks and limited involvement of senior management in the risk process. A preliminary approach to deriving key indicators is presented.

In modern conditions, regardless of what type of economic activity an organization faces various risks. For manufacturing enterprises, the area of risks is one of the most extensive, since it is necessary to take into account uncertainties in both financial and production activities. Creation of an effective risk management system determines ways and opportunities to ensure sustainability of organizations and their ability to withstand adverse situations. Risk reduction is possible through risk management, which involves their identification and assessment, as well as the use of procedures and management me-thods that would reduce possible risks. For the most effective implementation of risk management, a systematic approach to organizing this process is required. Risk management will be of particular importance for energy companies due to the changes that have been observed in this area over the past few years. The paper proposes a risk management model for energy enterprises, which includes the goal, object, subject, functions, principles and processes of risk management, taking into account the characteristics of energy enterprises. An algorithm for implementing this model is presented, consisting of five main stages. The use of this algorithm will allow us to obtain intermediate results from the implementation of the risk management system and, if necessary, adjust this process. The paper presents an analysis of existing concepts on the use of risk points. Attention is also paid to the issue of using this method at energy enterprises in other countries. The methodology for determining critical control points, which lies in at the heart of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system used in the food industry, is discussed in detail. The possibility of using risk points to determine those responsible for risks at energy enterprises is substantiated. An analysis of the operating thermal power plant was carried out in order to identify points of production and technical risk. The result of the analysis was the identification of those responsible for this type of risk.

A banking institution becomes extremely vulnerable in its activities, when out of ability to create a mechanism for identifying and overcoming destabilizing factors of influence. Therefore, an important component in the overall management of bank is the introduction of a risk management system. The article is aimed at examining the conceptual bases of the bank’s risk management system and the methodological principles of its organization. The research has showed that the risk management process requires a systematic approach, based on a certain mechanism presented in the form of risk management. It includes a set of techniques, procedures and risk management policies and forms the risk management strategy and tactics. The foundations of the construction of the bank’s risk management system are the international standards Basel II and Basel III and the requirements of the regulator, in particular regarding the structure of the risk management process, its efficiency and some specific aspects. It is substantiated that the construction of a comprehensive system of risk management of the bank provides for the definition of: tasks, principles, objects and subjects, methods and instruments of risk management. The formation of a risk management system is carried out on the basis of modern approaches to corporate governance in banks and requires the development of a conceptual scheme of risk management along with compliance with the principles of the organization of the risk management system. It is emphasized that modern organizational measures of the risk management system are represented by three lines of defense and include four stages; provide for the use of effective models and instruments for assessing (measuring) risks and developing the intrabank (intragroup) risk management documents.

The article investigates the ways and means of improving and perfecting the state of labor protection at transport enterprises of Ukraine through the implementation of international standards for risk management and occupational safety. A detailed analysis of international standards for occupational safety, and their main benefits that improve the health and safety of enterprises. The object of research is international standards on occupational safety and risk management. The purpose of the work is to analyze the implementation and use of international standards on occupational safety and risk management at Ukrainian transport enterprises. Research methods - analytical. Quality management of labor protection at enterprises is one of the priority areas of transport enterprises in order to reduce occupational injuries and improve working conditions. In order to effectively manage labor protection in transport enterprises, the authors of the article propose the introduction of international standards in the field of occupational safety and risk management in Ukraine. Examining the chosen topic, it was found that in many works that devoted to the application of international standards on occupational safety was not a generalization of all regulations and standards on labor protection and risk management in the enterprise. The main directions for the implementation of international standards for occupational safety and risk management in transport enterprises of Ukraine are proposed. The results of research can be recommended for implementation in the management system of labor protection at transport enterprises of Ukraine. KEY WORDS: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY, SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS, RISK ASSESSMENT, IMPROVING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CONDITIONS, MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

The article focuses on the introduction of a risk-oriented approach to labor protection at the enterprises of the grain processing industry. Such an approach is imperative in modern conditions in accordance with the Concept of reforming the system of labor protection management. This will involve the introduction of the proactive principle of “preventive actions” (prevention of hazardous events and situations) instead of the existing reactive principle of “corrective actions” (response to hazardous events and situations). A risk-oriented approach to occupational safety and health is the basis for the formation of a new national system for prevention of the operational risks. In the grain process enterprises, which have agreed their policy on labor protection with international standards, there has been an increase and improvement of the responsibility and competency of the ordinary employees and managers in the safety field, the risk of on-the-job injury has decreased. Improvement of the system of labor protection and risk management at enterprises should be carried out according to State Standard (DSTU) ISO 31000:2018 “Risk Management. Guidelines (ISO 31000:2018, IDT))”. The purpose of the standard is to reduce operational risks to an acceptable level. The main stages of the risk management process are presented. Identification of hazards, risk assessment, definition of security measures is a constituent and integral part of such a system. This is necessary to identify and understand the dangers that may arise in the course of an enterprise's activity, to assess the risk arising from a particular hazard, and to take measures to reduce the probability of occurrence of hazards. At the enterprises of the grain process industry, the identification of hazards consists in the definition of all objects, situations or actions (or their combination) that are inherent in an enterprise's activities and present a potential threat to the health and life of workers. At the same time, the different types of works and situations are considered in order to identify the dangers that are constantly present in normal working conditions, as well as the hazards, the impact of which is possible in case of deviation from normal working conditions and emergencies. Examples of possible hazardous factors at such enterprises are given. The adequacy of the existing security measures, the need for heir improvement or the introduction of other security measures are determined based on the results of the risk assessment.

Preventing the environmental risks linked to contaminated sites and guaranteeing the safety of human settlements are some of the challenges and tasks involved in the construction of world-class city clusters in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Due to differences in the political systems and land property rights between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, as well as in the levels of urbanization, industrial structures, and environmental management capabilities of the nine cities in the Pearl River Delta, the risk management and control mode of contaminated sites varies considerably within the Greater Bay Area. In this context, an analysis of the features of risk management and control in the contaminated sites of typical cities can help strengthening technical communication and cooperation, optimizing risk management and control systems. This article briefly describes the risk management and control systems adopted for polluted sites in China; in particular it elaborates on the features of these systems in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Hong Kong, and Macao, which have been subjected to monitoring, contamination assessments, and renovation procedures. During our study, the risk management and control systems adopted in different cities have been analyzed and compared; moreover, we elaborated thoughts and suggestions for land planning, policy feedback, information disclosure, and alliance mechanisms. We conclude that, overall, Hong Kong and several cities of the Pearl River Delta have established effective risk management and control systems for the polluted sites, which take into account certain local characteristics. However, with the further development and reuse of contaminated sites, the building of a world-class urban agglomeration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will require safer, more refined, and more efficient risk management and control strategies. We highlight the need to exchange information among researchers in order to promote technical exchange and cooperation. This is particularly important for the risk management and control of polluted sites distributed within the two regions and nine cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, sine it would allow their safe reuse and efficient development.

Resilient flood-risk management at the municipal level through the lens of the Functional Resonance Analysis Model

Annotation. Introduction. The constant tendency to increase foreign trade turnover and at the same time the limited possibilities of reorganization of the customs service require its constant improvement, forcing to look for optimal forms and mechanisms for the implementation of its relevant functions. An effective mechanism which ensures the interests of the state and foreign trade participants in customs control is currently a worldwide system of risk management in customs control. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to consider the customs risk management system as a tool for simplifying customs procedures in the context of Ukraine’s European integration. Results. The article considers the customs risk management system, which is an important tool for simplifying customs procedures and for bringing them to the best world standards, which is a necessary condition for Ukraine’s competitiveness in the global economic system. It is noted that an effective risk management system as a unique tool of integrated customs control allows the application of new principles of security of international supply chains. Risk management is the basic principle of modern methods of customs control, which allows optimal use of resources of customs authorities without reducing the effectiveness of customs control, and frees most participants in foreign economic activity (FEA) from unnecessary control. The article focuses on the subject-oriented approach, which involves the categorization of FEA participants in the risk management system. Categorization in this case is the classification of participants in foreign economic activity depending on the essential indicators. The main directions of ensuring the effective functioning of the customs risk management system in the field of customs control in Ukraine are identified. Conclusions. The article identifies the main directions of ensuring the effective functioning of the customs risk management system in the field of customs control in Ukraine. Keywords: risk management system; risk management process; subject-oriented approach; risk classification.

As a result of the critical analysis of existing models of risk management, it should be noted that the effectiveness of risk management does not always depend exclusively on specific methods of responding to them. The decisive factor is the quality of management decisions, which should not only reduce the risk to an acceptable level, but also guarantee the achievement of the organization's goals. Risk management is closely related to both the events that occur in complex systems and the response to them by the enterprise, which is a complex multi-element system. This determines the need to use an integrated approach to risk management, which expands the methodological foundations of modern risk management. Thus, risk management at enterprises should be aimed both at identifying the causes of various risks and at using all opportunities to ensure optimal development of the enterprise in conditions of economic uncertainty. Also, based on the results of a critical analysis of existing risk management models, the article develops practical recommendations that can be used to guide the formation of a risk management system. Further scientific research should be directed to the development of an organizational and economic risk management mechanism at the enterprise, considering modern challenges and threats.

The article discusses the formation of the system of risk management and evaluation of the effectiveness of integrated project risk management in the space rocket sector. The classification of the integrated project risks for knowledge-based enterprise in the space rocket sector and credit institution was made. The main methods of project risks evaluation, which can be applied in the space rocket sector, are described. The scheme of integrated project risk management was made on the basis of the life cycle approach when implementing projects in the space rocket sector. When implementing project risks in the space rocket sector, an enlarged scheme of the Regulations on Integrated Project Risk Management System, was developed. An issue of integrated risk management in the space rocket sector using a system of measures being named the “Value-at-Risk” (VaR) was reviewed. It was concluded that there was a need for project implementation in the space rocket sector using a complex, effective, and integrated system of risk management.