Вплив комплексної профілактики карієсу та некаріозних уражень на біохімічні показники крові у пацієнток з дисбалансом естрогенів

Background and Aim: Portal hypertension (PHT) is a frequent sequel of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Propranolol is commonly used for lowering portal pressure and preventing variceal bleeding. The hepato-protective effect of ginger has been reported. The aim of this study is to assess the effects and interactions of ginger and propranolol in prehepatic PHT in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Adult male albino rats were divided into 3 main groups. The first group: control rats. The second group: sham-operated rats and third group: pre-hepatic portal hypertensive rats induced by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). The third group is subdivided into subgroup: untreated-PPVL group and subgroups 2-6 were treated with propranolol 75 mg/Kg; ginger 90 mg/kg; 180 mg/Kg; ginger 90 mg/kg plus propranolol 75 mg/kg, and ginger 180 mg/kg plus propranolol 75 mg/kg, respectively. The portal pressure was measured in all groups then rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for estimation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels then hepatic as well as gastro-intestinal tissues were obtained for histopathological examination. Results: Ginger, propranolol and in combinations decreased the elevated portal pressure and histopathological score in the liver and esophagus. Administration of ginger and ginger-propranolol combinations decreased the latter score in stomach and intestine as well as the ALT level while AP level was reduced by ginger 90 mg/kg alone and in combination with propranolol. Conclusion: Ginger and propranolol had protective effects against PHT and the related hepatic as well as esophageal histopathological changes. Ginger and ginger-propranolol combinations reduced ALT and AP levels as well as histopathological scores of stomach and intestine.

The article is devoted to the solution of an urgent problem- influence of different lighting modes on the dairy productivity of cows. 2 groups of cows with 20 heads each were formed. In control group, light in the cowshed was 50-75 Lux for a light period of 7.5 h in January to 16.5 h in June, and in experimental group - 150-200 Lux and 16 h, respectively. It was found that the intensity and duration of illumination affects physiological state, reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows. In the experimental group of cows, compared with the control group, hemoglobin content in blood increased by 4.6% (P < 0.01), red blood cells - by 20.6% (P < 0.05), total protein - by 11.2% (P < 0.001), glucose - by 39.1% (P < 0.05). There was a tendency to increase the total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in blood serum of cows of the experimental group. The level of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum of cows in the control group was 71.5% (P < 0.01) higher than that of cows in the experimental group. Milk yield per 1 cow in the experimental cowshed was 433 kg more than in the control. The cost of 1 kg of milk in the experimental group was 0.94 rubles lower, and the profitability of milk production and sales is 9.42% higher than in the control group. To increase the milk productivity of cows, it is recommended to increase light level in barns for tethered keeping to 150-200 Lux, with the duration of lighting in the winter and transition periods of year up to 16 hours per day.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, leading to ovarian dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. This experimental study aimed to compare the hepatoprotective effects of micellized vitamin D3 (MVD3) and conventional vitamin D3 (CVD3) compared to metformin (MET) in a rat model of letrozole (LTZ)-induced PCOS. Methods: An experimental study was conducted over 90 days using 30 healthy female albino rats with regular estrous cycles. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups (six per group): control, LTZ-induced PCOS, LTZ + MET (155 mg/kg), LTZ + CVD3 (1000 IU/kg), and LTZ + MVD3 (1000 IU/kg). PCOS was induced using oral LTZ (200 µg/day), and treatments were administered daily by gavage. Estrous cycle was assessed by vaginal cytology. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were measured to evaluate hepatic function, and liver tissues were examined histopathologically after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mean levels of liver enzymes were compared using the independent samples t-test, with significance set at P <0.05. Results: LTZ-induced PCOS caused significant elevations in serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels compared with controls (P <0.001). MET treatment partially reduced liver enzyme levels, but the mean levels remained higher than controls. In contrast, treatment with either MVD3 or CVD3 resulted in marked normalization of ALT, AST, and ALP levels compared with controls, being comparable to controls. Histopathological analysis supported these findings, showing severe hepatic structural damage in rates with LTZ-induced PCOS, partial improvement with MET, and restoration of normal hepatic architecture with MVD3 and CVD3. Conclusion: MVD3 or CVD3 markedly alleviate LTZ-induced hepatic injury in PCOS rats, outperforming MET in normalizing ALT, AST, and ALP levels and restoring hepatic architecture. These findings highlight vitamin D3 as a promising adjunct for managing PCOS-related liver injury, warranting further mechanistic and clinical studies.

Phosphates and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels of the serum and peritoneal fluid were measured in 40 children with acute intestinal necrosis. It was found that the serum and peritoneal fluid phosphates and ALP increased in cases with intestinal necrosis in comparison with those in cases with intestinal ischemia(P＜0.05). There was also a significant difference the ALP levels of the peritoneal fluid of the petients with the long segment intestinal necrosis and those with the short segment necrosis(P＜0.05). The causes of the elevation of phosphates and the ALP levels in serum and peritoneal fluid were discussed. These assessments would be useful in early laboratory dianosis of the intestinal necrosis, and be helpful in making prognosis of the patients. Key words: Intestinal Obstruction

The article reflects the results of a study of the quality of life in patients of perimenopausal age against the background of CO2-laser use on the eve and after complex treatment. Today in Ukraine, the number of women suffering from stress urinary incontinence is steadily growing, and the problem has moved from purely medical to the rank of medical and social. Stress urinary incontinence significantly reduces the quality of life of women, leading to discomfort, causes a woman to change her usual behavior, makes her more withdrawn, is accompanied by serious psychoemotional disorders (depression, psychological stress, depression), leads to severe physical and moral suffering, social maladaptation. That is why assessing the quality of life in women with stress urinary incontinence is considered extremely relevant. Today, conservative and surgical techniques are used to treat stress urinary incontinence. However, none of these methods contributes to the complete disappearance of symptoms of stress urinary incontinence, and the relapse rate after the disease is high, which forces a woman to long-term follow-up and treatment, significantly worsening her quality of life. The objective: to assess the quality of life before and after the use of a CO2-laser in the complex treatment of stress urinary incontinence in premenopausal patients. Materials and methods. 89 patients with stress urinary incontinence were examined. Depending on the prescribed therapy, it is divided into two groups. The main group included 44 women who were offered CO2-laser therapy in combination with local hormone therapy. The comparison group was formed by 45 women who were prescribed only topical estriol therapy. In order to assess the quality of life of women with stress urinary incontinence, a survey of patients was conducted using a specialized PFDI-20 questionnaire, and the FSFI questionnaire was used to assess the female sexuality index. The quality of life score and female sexuality index were determined before treatment and 6 and 12 months after the start of treatment. Results. According to the PFDI-20 questionnaire, 6 months after the start of treatment, there was no significant difference in the number of points in women in the study groups. After 12 months from the start of treatment, significant differences in the median scores were recorded (the main group – 18 points; the comparison group – 30 points; p<0.05). Evaluating the index of sexual function in the dynamics of treatment according to the FSFI questionnaire, a significant increase in this indicator was noted in women of the main group (median before treatment – 25 points; after 6 months from the start of treatment – 35 points; after 12 months from the start of treatment – 46 points; p<0.05). Evaluating the results of the UDI-6 questionnaire 12 months after the start of treatment, we drew attention to significant differences in the symptoms of urinary incontinence in women who received CO2-laser therapy in combination with local estriol therapy before treatment and compared to women who received only estriol locally. Conclusions. The inclusion of a CO2-laser in combination with local administration of estriol in the complex treatment of stress urinary incontinence can significantly reduce the manifestations of this complication, which is confirmed by a significant decrease in the median score from 55 to 18 in women of the main group according to the results of the PFDI-20 questionnaire (p<0.05). The index of sexual function in women who received the proposed complex based on the results of the FSFI questionnaire experienced a significant increase from 25 to 46 points (p<0.05). The results of a survey using the UDI-6 questionnaire indicate a significant reduction in the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence in women in the main group compared to women who received only local estriol therapy. Keywords: stress urinary incontinence, CO2-laser, estriol, quality of life.

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment has been widely accepted among adults in the present years. It has been postulated that the tooth movement is faster in children when compared to the adults. This could be assessed more accurately by assessment of gene markers responsible for bone turnover in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The purpose of this study was to assess the association of levels of acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in GCF with age during the tooth movement. Materials and Methods: A group of 14 growing and adult patients requiring fixed orthodontic therapy were selected. The maxillary canines were retracted in both the groups using coil springs. GCF samples were collected before the spring activation and subsequent sampling was done after the activation up to 6 th week. The levels of alkaline and acid phosphatase were then compared. Results: On comparison, the alkaline phosphatase levels were much higher in children at baseline and remained elevated suggesting increased osteoblastic activity. The levels of acid phosphatase were higher in the children at all-time intervals, indicating increase in the osteoclastic activity. Conclusion: Increase in enzymatic activity in children during the tooth movement as compared to adults partially supports the hypothesis of faster tooth movement in children.

Gestosis develops when the adaptive systems of the cow body is unable to create the necessary conditions for the developing fetus. The research goal is to reveal the relationship between the biochemical, hormonal and immune indices and the incidence of postpartum complications in cows. The studies were carried out in 2019 in the Black-Pied herd; 104 cows 60-10 days before calving were studied. The trial group consisted of 43 cows with postpartum complications (postpartum endometritis, retained placenta and parturient paresis); the control group consisted of 61 cows with a physiological course of calving and the postpartum period. There is a strong inverse statistically significant relationship between the concentration of estradiol in blood serum 15 days before calving and retained placenta cases (rs=-0.75; ?<0.05). A close inverse statistically significant relationship was found between the progesterone concentration in cows 15 days before calving and retained placenta cases (rs=-0.72; ?<0.05). The concentration of HDL-cholesterol is strongly negatively associated with the occurrence of parturient paresis (rs=-0.97; ?<0.01). Regarding the levels of alkaline and placental-like alkaline phosphatase in blood serum of cows 45 days before calving, a close direct relationship was found with retained placenta cases (rs=0.67; ?<0.05 and rs=0.88; ?<0.01). A strong positive, statistically significant relationship was found between the value of the neutrophil functional reserve and the cases of postpartum pathologies as retained placenta (rs=0.76; 0.83) and endometritis (rs=0.69; 0.79).

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, there has been growing interest in identifying early preclinical disease symptoms and searching for their laboratory markers in recent decades.Objective: to studythe relationship between vitamin D levels, phosphorus-calcium metabolism and clinical manifestations of PD.Patients and methods. Serum levels of total vitamin D (VD), as well as total calcium, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), inorganic phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed in 138 patients with PD. The severity of the disease was verified according to the Hoehn-Yar criteria, the clinical symptoms of the disease were verified using the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), the evaluation also included the quality of life (QoL) scales for patients with PD (PDQ-39), anxiety and depression (HADS), and Beck depression inventory, assessment of cognitive functions (CF) according to MoCA. Then, we analyzed the effect of vitamin D levels and other indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on the severity of PD clinical symptoms.Results and discussion. Patients with PD had a significant impact of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on CF, assessed by MoCA scale and the PDQ-39 subscale “Cognitive functions”. A joint direct impact of vitamin D levels (β=0.111; p=0.002), PTH (β=0.02; p=0.037) and the indirect effect of AP (β=-0.028; p=0.027) on CF was revealed. A direct effect of the level of inorganic phosphorus (β=5.932; p=0.001) and AP (β=0.055; p=0.025) on the QoL of patients with PD was observed.Conclusion. Cognitive decline in PD patients is directly related to vitamin D and PTH levels. At the same time, the lower the QoL of patients with PD, the lower the serum vitamin D level was, serving as an early predictor of cognitive decline in patients with PD.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crankcase oil on the cellular and functional integrity of rat skin. Thirty (30) rats were randomly grouped into six viz groups A-F. Group A (base-line control) received 2 ml of distilled water. 2.5 %, 5.0 %, 7.5 %, and 10.0 % v/v of the crankcase oil were prepared using unused oil as solvent and 2 ml of the concentrations were topically administered to groups C-F respectively for seven consecutive days. Group B served as positive control and received 2 ml of the unused oil. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration, and blood and part of the skin were collected. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde level in the blood and skin samples collected were evaluated. Elemental analysis of the crankcase oil was also carried out. The result revealed high lead, iron and chromium levels. Blood lead concentration of rats was significantly (P<0.05) high after seven days of administration. ALP level in skin and serum increased significantly (P<0.05) with the concentration of crankcase oil. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in skin ACP activity while it increased significantly (P<0.05) in the serum. Similar results were observed in the SOD levels of the serum and the skin. The level increased significantly (P<0.05) in groups D-F when compared with controls. The MDA concentration of both serum and skin were significantly (P<0.05) elevated. This suggests toxic potential of used lubricating oil and its potential predisposition to cancer.

Effect of Morinda officinalis capsule on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

We studied the features of acute enteral failure in patients with peritonitis in the setting of COVID-19 by studying the properties of the enteral pathobiome, biochemical, functional, pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic markers in diffuse peritonitis. A retrospective randomized cohort controlled study was conducted; it included 84 patients divided into two groups. Stratified randomization was used. The species composition and properties of the enteral luminal pathobiome were studied. 699 inoculations were made, resulting in 3024 isolates. The enteral morphofunctional coefficient, the level of alkaline phosphatase and its intestinal isoform were dynamically studied. In immunohistochemical studies, we studied the expression of CD-3 and Bcl-2. Patients with COVID-19 in addition to a decrease in the level of saprophytic microflora, showed a significant increase in Klebsiella spp., Candida, Clostridium spp. and Citrobacter (p≤0.05). The rate of antibiotic resistance in the comparison group was 8.3%, in the main group - 36.9%. MRSA pathogens were noted in 86.4% of cases, VRSA strains were found in 20.6% of cases. Patients with COVID-19 had a deficiency of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, which persisted even on the day 5 of treatment. Macro- and microscopic studies showed pronounced inflammatory and apoptotic changes in the intestinal wall of patients in the main group. A specific enteral pathobiome that is multiresistant to antibiotics, pronounced inflammatory and apoptotic changes in the intestinal wall, and a predisposition to perforation of the small intestine are characteristics of enteral failure in diffuse peritonitis in the setting of COVID-19.

Toxicity assessment of cypermethrin nanoparticles in Channa punctatus: Behavioural response, micronuclei induction and enzyme alteration

The work is devoted to the study of the reactivity of the biochemical composition of saliva in children with SCI, which was used for the treatment of non-removable and removable OA. There was a decrease in the activity of the α-amylase enzyme during orthodontic treatment in both experimental groups: in patients in the experimental group, which used non-removable equipment 3 months after starting treatment at 16.5% and 6 months after starting treatment it was 16%. There was a decrease in the activity of saliva α-amylase after 3 months at 11% and in samples of saliva taken after 6 months at 10% during treatment of patients of the experimental group with removable orthodontic equipment. The total calcium level after 3 months of observation was 15% lower compared to the start of treatment. The phosphorus level was 9% lower at this moment of observation. After 6 months of observation, the trace elements were different from the original ones: calcium was 27% lower, and the level of phosphorus was lower comparing to the baseline by 15%. Treatment of SCI with removable orthodontic equipment impaired the mineral balance: the calcium level after 3 months of observation was lower by 12%, and the level of phosphorus was lower by 6% compared to the beginning of the study. After 6 months of observation, the traced elements differed from the original ones: the level of calcium was 21% lower than the previous values, and the level of phosphorus was lower by 13% compared to the start of treatment. The evaluation of alkaline phosphatase activity in mixed unstimulated saliva using non-removable orthodontic equipment showed that the level of alkaline phosphatase after 3 months of treatment was 3% lower compared to the beginning of treatment, and after 6 months of observation activity of the investigated enzyme was less than the initial by 10%. Treatment of dental anomalies with removable equipment inhibited the enzyme activity: after 3 months of treatment, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was less than 7% compared to the beginning of the study, and after 6 months of observation activity of the investigated enzyme differed from the initial by 20%. The use of non-removable orthodontic equipment led to a significant increase in the activity of IL-1β. Three months after starting the study, IL-1β was 4-fold higher compared to the start of treatment, and after 6 months of treatment, it became 9-fold higher. Treatment of dental abnormalities with removable equipment showed that the activity of IL-1β after 3 months of treatment increased 4-fold, and after 6 months of observation the researched index was different from the initial 9-fold.&#x0D; At the 3rd month of observation in children using non-removable OA, the activity of lysozyme decreased by 21%; reduction of lysozyme activity during the 6th month of treatment constituted 23%. Patients in the experimental group treated with detachable OA observed an increase in lysozyme activity at the 3rd month of observation by 27%, and 6 months after the start of treatment, the activity of lysozyme was less than 29% compared to the data of the 3rd month of the use of non-removable orthodontic equipment it led to a significant increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine: after 3 months of observation was 2.5 times more than at the beginning of treatment, and after 6 months of observation, they differed from the initial in 4 times. Treatment of dental anomalies with removable orthodontic equipment also contributed to an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine: IL-4 levels were higher after 3 months of treatment compared to baseline data by 1,8, and after 6 months of follow-up, the study figure was in 4 times higher than the previous values.&#x0D; The obtained results of the study of the reactivity of biochemical changes in oral fluid using removable and non-removable OA in children can be used in planning of orthodontic treatment as diagnostic markers for the further selection of tactics and assessment of the oral cavity in children on the background of treatment of JFA by removable and non-removable OA.

BackgroundSenile osteoporosis (SOP), which is caused by unbalanced bone remodeling, leads to significant economic and societal burdens globally. The combination of Epimedii Folium (EF) and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) serves as a commonly-used prescription for SOP in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This study aimed to evaluate the osteoprotective effects of EF and LLF in combination on SOP rats based on the constructed multilayer perception (MLP)-artificial neural network (ANN) model.Methods15 month old male Sprague–Dawley rats were administrated with EF, LLF or the combination of EF and LLF (EF&LLF) for 2 months, while 17 month old rats were used as the aging control group. All the rats were anesthetized with 25% ethyl carbamate, then their serum liver and bone tissues were taken. We detected bone mass, bone mineral density (BMD), biomechanics and the microstructure of bone trabecula by micro-CT and H&E staining to evaluate the degree of osteoporosis. Blood lipids and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and liver pathology were use to assess the side effects of drugs. Levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and the ratio of ALP to TRACP both in serum and bone were measured for the evaluation of bone turnover rate. The bone mRNA and protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), d2 isoform of vacuolar (H+) ATPase (ATP6V0d2), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), M-CSF, Wnt5a, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected for evaluating bone metabolism.ResultsThe results showed that EF&LLF improved bone mass and bone quality by preventing bone loss, increasing maximal load as well as protecting the micro-structural retrogressive change of trabecular bone in SOP rats; ameliorated the steatosis in the liver and decreased blood lipids and serum ALT, AST and GGT; enhanced bone remodeling by stimulating the expression of ALP and TRACP. At the molecular levels, EF&LLF stimulated the osteoclastogenesis by upregulating the protein and mRNA expression of OPG, RANKL, M-CSF and ATP6V0d2; meanwhile, EF&LLF stimulated osteoblastogenesis by enhancing the expression of TGF-β1, BMP2, Wnt5a and IGF-1. According to our established MLP model, EF&LLF has a better effect on osteoclastogenesis or steoblastogenesis in SOP rats than EF or LLF.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the systemic bone protective effects of EF&LLF by promoting bone remodeling in aging rats might be a substitute medicine for the treatment of SOP.

Vitamin D deficiency is a widely recognized public health problem. Efficacy of a recently developed micellized form of vitamin D3 has not been studied. Hence, we undertook this study to compare its efficacy with the conventionally used fat-soluble vitamin D3. In this open-labeled nonrandomized pilot study, we recruited 180 healthy children, aged 13-14 years in two groups and supplemented Group A (60 children) with 60,000 IU of fat-soluble vitamin D3/month with milk and Group B (120 children) with 60,000 IU/month of water miscible vitamin D3 under supervision for 6 months. Serum 25(OD)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were evaluated before and after supplementation in 156 children (54 in Group A and 102 in Group B) who completed the study. We observed a significantly greater increase in the serum 25(OH)D levels in group B as compared to group A (31.8±9.1 ng/mL vs. 23.7±10.4 ng/mL; p<0.001). All children in group B achieved adequate levels of serum 25(OH)D (>20 ng/mL) as against 83.3% children in group A. Serum PTH and ALP levels declined considerably in both the groups following supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased the serum 25(OH)D levels in both groups. Miscible form of vitamin D3 appears to be better in achieving higher levels of serum 25(OH)D than that observed with a similar dose of fat-soluble vitamin D3. Further studies with different dose regimens are required to establish its efficacy over the conventionally used fat-soluble vitamin D3.