Туристский комплекс Северного Подмосковья: ресурсная составляющая Клинского, Дмитровского, Талдомского, Солнечногорского, Сергиево-Посадского и Пушкинского районов

the article aims to assess the tourist and recreational potential of the Moscow region, identify the prerequisites and analyze the factors that limit the development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region. When working on the article, reference materials were used, due to the recreational development of the Moscow region; statistical data of state organizations and the results of expert assessments of the development of ethnographic tourism. Research methods: systematization and generalization of information; content analysis; logical analysis. Monitoring of the tourist and recreational potential of the Moscow region, analysis of the resource base allowed us to assess the existing problems and suggest possible solutions. The prerequisites for the development of ethnographic tourism in the region are determined, the place and specifics of ethnographic tourism in tourist flows are revealed; the place and role of the Moscow region in the development of ethnographic tourism in the Russian Federation is justified. As a result of the study, the trends in the development of ethnographic tourism were identified and the areas of its most promising development in the Moscow region were identified. The results obtained contribute to the development of museum and exhibition business and folk crafts in the region, the popularization of ethnographic tourism in the Internet space, which ultimately provides an increase in the tourist flow in the Moscow region, and also allows you to create additional jobs in the tourism sector.

The aim of the study. To investigate the current state and prospects of the festival tourism development in the Khmelnytskyi region. The development of tourism, particularly festival tourism, is important for the economy of the country and territorial communities, as it ensures the growth of tourist flows and the development of infrastructure. Method. The research uses general scientific research methods, namely, general logical methods: comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization and analogy. The methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization were used in the study of the cause-and-effect relationship growth of the tourist activity in the region due to the use and preservation of tourist objects, cultural and historical local communities' traditions. Using the method of analogy, the probable positive results of the development of festival tourism in the Khmelnytskyi region were evaluated. Results. Examples of the development of festival tourism in Khmelnytskyi region are demonstrated. The prospects for the development of festival tourism in the Khmelnytskyi region have been determined. The scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that the potential of using festivals in the field of tourism of the Khmelnytskyi region has been determined. The directions for the development of festival tourism in Khmelnytskyi region are described in order to activate domestic tourism and improve the image of the region at the international level. Practical significance. The article provides examples of the festival tourism development in Khmelnytskyi region. The strengths and weaknesses of festival tourism in the region are analyzed. The development of this type of tourism has many positive aspects: popularization of the native region, development of local infrastructure, receipt of funds to the budget, creation of new jobs, attraction of new tourists to other tourist locations. The article argues that the festival tourism development potential of Khmelnytskyi region is very rich and needs development. The obtained scientific results are used in the educational process of future specialists in the direction of training «Tourism», with the educational qualification «Tourism expert, organizer of excursion and animation activities» when teaching the disciplines «Organization of tourist trips», «Professional competences in tourism business», «Organization of tourist activities». The obtained scientific results are used in the educational process of future specialists in the direction of training «Tourism», with the educational qualification «Tourism expert, organizer of excursion and animation activities» when teaching the disciplines «Organization of tourist trips», «Professional competences in tourism business», «Organization of tourist activities». The obtained data can be used for conducting student practices.

Important issues in the development of regional tourism are the provision of tourist services, formation of the market of services and infrastructure improvement. The creation of clusters in the tourism sector remains relevant. From the standpoint of geographical science, the formation of tourist clusters is quite studied. The tourist potential of Khmelnytskyi region first of all includes the objects of nature reserve and historical-cultural funds available in the regional territory, which have not been involved in tourist activity yet. They are the basis for the formation of new tourist attractions, which can be used for the development of rural tourism, job creation, finding sources of income for newly formed territorial communities in order to obtain a positive effect from their formation. It is established that the synergetic effect promotes the creation of clusters with similar specialization. Determining the prospects of the tourist cluster of Khmelnytskyi region, special attention should be paid to such a form of tourism as rural (green) tourism. Extensive implementation of green tourism in the practice of newly formed united territorial communities in the region will provide additional resources to enhance their socio-economic development. Especially relevant tourist and recreational activities are in the buffer zones of national nature parks and landscape Regional Park, which are located in the Khmelnytskyi region. It is described that the material and technical base of tourism consists of: temporary accommodation facilities; specialized transport companies; tourist and excursion institutions and their subdivisions; information and advertising services; enterprises for the production and sale of tourist goods. Social infrastructure is also important for the organization of high-quality recreation for tourists: the availability of housing and communal services, cultural and household services, health care, and trade. From the standpoint of traditional economic and geographical complex formation, all factors of tourist complexes are divided into two major groups: socio-economic (labor, transport, trade and catering, souvenirs, city tourist development) and natural (geographical location, nature surface area, air temperature) etc. Many scholars, as the main social factors in the development of the tourist complex distinguish: socio-cultural: cultural-historical (architectural-historical) resources, settlement, administrative-territorial division; production and economic: labor resources, the structure of the city's economy, sources of environmental pollution, transport, land resources. Analysis of the location of these factors from the standpoint of social geography will justify measures aimed at enhancing the development of tourism in the regional tourism complex. Mass tourism is possible only if the needs of travelers in food and accommodation are met. Relevant facilities should have a range of hygiene and waste disposal facilities for tourists. Therefore, it is important, especially in rural areas, to provide in the plans of socio-economic development and general schemes of rural development places for temporary stay of tourists, appropriate infrastructure facilities, to reserve land for their arrangement. The analysis of the possibilities of Khmelnytskyi region in the tourist market of Ukraine showed that it occupies the middle places. This is due to the transit transport and geographical location. Within this region there is a clear polarization of tourism development, which determines the spatial features of the regional tourist complex development. Key words: tourist cluster, Khmelnytskyi region, green tourism, socio-economic development of the region.

Chernivtsi region faces numerous challenges in the tourism industry, including imperfect infrastructure, insufficient awareness of the region among foreign tourists, and fluctuations in economic and political conditions that affect tourist flows. The problem remains the unstable volume of foreign tourist flows, which directly affects the financial stability of local hotels, restaurants, and services. The study is designed to reveal the factors that shape these fluctuations and determine which aspects of development can support an increase in the number of foreign visitors in the region. The publication reveals the features of the development of foreign tourism in Chernivtsi region during 2000-2023. The main factors that had the greatest impact on the development of this type of tourism activity were identified. It was found that the largest decline in the number of foreign tourists was due to Russian aggression and the COVID-19 pandemic. The socio-economic and political instability in Ukraine also had a significant impact on the formation of foreign tourist flows. Analysis of the data obtained allows us to distinguish 2 periods of the impact of foreign tourism on the development of tourist services in the Chernivtsi region. The first period covers the period from 2000 to 2013. During this period of time, the ratio of foreign tourism to domestic was mostly higher than average values or close to average indicators. The smallest impact of foreign tourism during this period was observed in 2011, when the share of foreign tourists in relation to the number of domestic tourists was only 8.5%, which is 1.5% less than average values. In 2003, it was 9.5%, thus approaching average values. However, in 2006 and 2007, the greatest impact of foreign citizens on the development of tourism was observed. In these years, their number approached 20% (19.3% in 2006 and 19.7% in 2007) of the number of domestic tourists visiting the region. In other years, the share of foreign tourists relative to domestic ones was higher than the average values and fluctuated within 10-15%. The second period covers 2014-2020. During this time, there is a slight impact of foreign tourism on the development of tourism in Chernivtsi region. The main reason for these processes is the beginning of Russian aggression and, as a result, the deterioration of Ukraine's security image in the international tourism market. In 2014, the share of foreign tourists relative to domestic ones was only 4.0%, and in 2018 it decreased to 2.7%. However, already in In 2019, it reached 10.5%, thus exceeding the average indicators. Foreign tourism in Chernivtsi region at the given stage of development of the tourist complex of Chernivtsi region does not meet the potential opportunities. Only every 10th tourist in the region who used the services of tour operators and travel agents is a foreigner. The greatest impact on the insufficient development of foreign tourism in the region is the Russian aggression, which has been going on for almost 12 years. Its consequence was the formation of a negative security image of Ukraine in the international tourist market and, as a result, a reduction in inbound tourist flows. However, the presence of a powerful recreational and tourist potential, as well as the interest in the development of foreign tourism of authorities and entrepreneurs working in the tourism business, create favorable conditions for the restoration of this type of tourism activity in the post-war period.

The Middle East and Sorth Africa (MENA) is a large, complex, and diverse region and is viewed as a huge centre of cultural and travel influence. Nevertheless, the region has been plagued by geopolitical tensions, political turmoil, instability, and conflict over the decades. The conflict-ridden and controversial image of the region in many tourism-generating markets has negatively affected the flow of tourists to the region and hindered the development of tourism despite its wealth of cultural heritage endowments, a climate conducive to tourism, and leisure resources. More recently, in the aftermath of the ‘Arab Spring’ and the advent of Islamic extremism and fundamentalism, cultural heritage in parts of the region has been placed at risk and has witnessed large-scale devastation, destruction, and looting. The latter has stressed the urgency for post-conflict reconstruction in the Middle East context. The introductory chapter provides an introduction and background to the MENA region from a geographical and historical perspective in general and the cultural and heritage tourism in the region in particular and the challenges it faces. It will also outline the development of tourism in the MENA region and identify key issues in the region with links to the chapters in the book.

The aim of the study is to analyze trends, problems and prospects for the development of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine in the current crisis realities. Methods. The study used the method of statistical analysis, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, synthesis method. Results. The geographical and socio-economic prospects for the development of ethno-festivals and destinations of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine are described, the problems and peculiarities of the organization of ethno-festival tourism in the region are revealed. Scientific novelty. Priorities for the development of ethnic festivals in the region have been identified in order to attract additional tourist flows and promote the development of ethnic culture. Practical significance. Concrete recommendations on the future development of ethno-festival tourism in the region are proposed.

In this paper, taking the per capita tourism revenue of the administrative units of Chinese mainland from 2007 to 2018 as an indicator, we analyze the unbalanced regional tourism growth in Chinese mainland and its trends by using kernel density estimation (KDE), the Gini index, and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). The results demonstrate that (1) the distribution of regional tourism data in Chinese mainland and its four economic regions tends to converge, and the relative difference in tourism development among cities is slowly decreasing. (2) The differences in regional tourism development within the four economic regions in China are different, and each part shows its own degree of decline, with the gap in regional tourism development in Western China being the largest, and that in regional tourism growth in Northeast China the smallest. The difference in regional tourism development in both East and Northeast China decreased significantly and that in Central China decreased the least. (3) Finally, the difference in regional tourism development is dominated by a positive spatial correlation. The range of high-high types has expanded, and low-high and high-low types have decreased.

The article discusses the experience of the National Park "Russian Arctic" and the Arctic Museum and Exhibition Center in creating a museum and tourist complex and carrying out emergency work at a number of historical sites of the high-latitude polar station “Tikhaya Bay” on Franz Josef Land (Arkhangelsk region of the Russian Federation). The polar station, created in the initial period of the development of the Soviet Arctic (1929), has been preserved almost in its original form and was declared in 2015 “a newly identified object of the cultural heritage of the Russian Federation”. The polar station is visited by tourists on Russian nuclear-powered icebreakers during their trips to the North Pole in the summer. Since 2011, work has been underway at the station to restore it and create an open-air museum and tourist complex in order to demonstrate it to tourists. Particular attention is paid to the issues of emergency response work at the largest object of the station - an aircraft hangar, which was built in 1932–1933 under the guidance of the famous Soviet polar explorer Ivan Papanin. This is one of the most recognizable buildings in the high-latitude Arctic, associated with the first steps of Soviet aviation in the Polar Regions. At the start of work in 2017, the building was in disrepair and required urgent measures to strengthen it. For the 2019–2020 seasons, work was carried out to replace the rotted parts of the hangar, physically remove the resulting glacier and sheath the hangar with waterproof plywood. Completion of the work was planned for 2020, but due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, tourist flights to Franz Josef Land were canceled. In 2021, the situation repeated itself, it was only possible to monitor the state of objects, which showed that they are in a stable state. The article highlights the methods and approaches to the preservation and presentation of the historical complex of the station in the face of a number of restrictions due to the inaccessibility of the station, complex natural and climatic factors and the need to combine the functions of preserving objects with their further utilitarian operation as household objects. The main conceptual approach in such conditions is the desire to create not a Skansen-type open air museum showing “frozen time”, but to create a “living museum”, an eco-museum, a museum of activity that respects the historical and cultural heritage, strives to preserve the historical appearance of the station, while saturated with various activities, including the display of modern and historical life at the station, the organization of various kinds of observations and research, including the cultural and natural heritage of Franz Josef Land.

This article considers the development of tourism and recreation activities in the cross-border regions of Northwest Russia and reveals general trends and features. Tourism is considered to be the current and future direction of social and economic development of the regions because of its attractive cross-border destinations. A number of measures are suggested to stimulate the development of tourism and recreation activities in the cross-border regions of the Northwest of Russia.

This article examines innovative aspects of the development of tourism regions in Europe. The article aims to determine the intensity of the perception of innovation in the tourism region as a problem in its development. The ambition of the article is to assess the problems in the development of tourism regions in Europe in the field of innovation as a possible starting point for optimizing changes in local and regional tourism policy. The research analyses the positions of 95 regional tourism experts from 17 European countries. The database was based on a databank of 150 representatives of academia and 275 representatives of regional tourism organizations. To analyse the properties of categorical data and the relationships between them, we used Gamma, Kendall’s Tau-b, Somers’ D C|R, Spearman correlation coefficient, Phi Coefficient, Contingency Coefficient, Cramer’s V and the decision tree algorithm. The maturity of the innovation environment of tourism regions and their level of development influence the perception of innovations as a problem in their development. Southern European tourism regions perceive innovation as a problem in their development most intensively. Tourism regions with stronger innovation activity have a well-established quality management system and a comprehensive and systematically addressed supply of seasonal and off-season products. Tourism regions ranked in the emerging innovator group perceive the specified problems in the implementation of innovations more intensively. This reflects the lack of coordination of the product portfolio, both in terms of range and quality, in countries where the innovation environment is poorly developed. A key recommendation to mitigate the perception of innovations as a problem in the development of Europe’s tourism regions is to focus attention on the implementation of regional policy instruments that stimulate the participation of tourism in the synergy effects of the existing innovation environment of the economy.

Purpose:The aim of this article is to define the role of religious tourism in regional development and to identify the main factors determining this impact.Design/Methodology/Approach: The article adopts a broader approach to integration processes, in which religious tourism encompasses not only traditionally understood pilgrimages undertaken in different cultures, but also cognitive -based travel with a component related to religion characteristic of different cultural circles.A qualitative study was conducted.Triangulation of methods was used, combining focus group interviews (FGI) and expert interviews (IDI) conducted in six European countries (Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Spain, Greece, Italy).Findings: Discussions within the FGI and IDI studies allowed for the identification of three key issues indicating the impact of tourism on regional development: (1) The impact of an integrated religious tourism product on the tourism services market in the region, (2) The importance of sacred sites for local sustainable development, and (3) The preservation of the cultural heritage of regions with religious assets.The research confirmed the broad and multifaceted role of religious tourism in regional development. Practical implications:The research has shown that the key factors determining the role of religious tourism in the development of tourist regions are: cooperation between multiple entities in shaping an integrated religious tourism product, taking into account the principles of sustainable development, and caring for cultural heritage in its tangible and intangible aspects.Originality/Value: A broader approach to religious tourism was presented, taking into account its cultural elements relating to different European countries.The research is original due to the development of an original research methodology and the establishment of a method for selecting respondents.

This paper outlines the development of wine tourism in the Ningxia wine region, primarily from the perspective of key wine stakeholders. Based on field observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 winery managers and owners, and 2 government officials in the region, it reveals that wine tourism development provides an opportunity to build a unique regional brand focused on high quality wine, to build brand loyalty with domestic and international visitors, and to provide a distribution channel for the wineries to enhance sales directly. To date, however, wine tourism in the region remains under-developed, and there is scepticism about the value of the activities, when other challenges are considered.

It has become evident that rural tourism grew significantly during the pandemic compared to mass tourism. However, at this time, all the forecasts were wrapped in considerable uncertainty regarding travel, which is not without the elevated associated risk. Therefore, we assessed the perceptions of the entrepreneurs in relation to rural tourism activities regarding the advantages of their rural tourism activity in the Azores for customers. Furthermore, the potential for developing this typology of tourism is pivotal for obtaining very reliable data and information on this topic and enabling us to provide guidelines for the leading regional players. In this regard, an exploratory method was used to assess the perceptions of the entrepreneurs with rural tourism activities in the Azores Islands regarding the customers’ experiences and some other important aspects concerning the promotion of this type of tourism in the region. Throughout this study, it was possible to verify that the most relevant obstacles to the development of rural tourism in the Azores region are the preservation and conservation of nature and endogenous resources and delivering proper infrastructures and regional accessibilities. Contrarily, the increase in community and regional funding and support for rural tourism could be key to the prosperity of this typology of tourism in this insular territory.

Religious tourism activities are now the emerging trends in the Himalayan region along with adventure tourism. The Himalayan region is the abode of many Goddesses. Factors responsible towards exploiting and promoting religious tourism in Himalayan region have been carefully analyzed with reference to Dev Bhoomi, Uttarakhand, but many issues still need more attention. This research chapter uses surveying of 150 stakeholders in relation towards assessment of factors responsible towards development of religious tourism in Himalayan region with special reference to Uttarakhand. Research results are analyzed on the basis of six factors influencing the growth and development of religious tourism in Himalayan region: transportation, accommodation, safety and security, environment, economy, and attitude of the local people. The result analysis depicts factors responsible for promoting religious tourism in Uttarakhand as only quite average. This chapter has proposed some important solutions towards promoting religious tourism in the Himalayan region with special reference to Uttarakhand.

Purpose. The definition of the key aspects of the strategic goal-setting of the development of the cultural tourism in Pryazovia and a system of indicators of the cultural destination development index. Analyze the availability of strategic objectives for the development of cultural tourism in the Azov region. Develop strategic and program documents of three levels (national, regional, local) as of 2021. Methods. The main methods of the research for the achievement of the purpose are logical-structural and content-analysis of the aspects of the strategic goal-setting of the development of the cultural tourism of Pryazovia by means of the processing of the valid for 2021 of the strategic and the program documents of three levels (national, regional, local); method of the expert assessments which is for more professional definition of the status of the indicators of "goal setting" in the cultural tourism for each destination; methods of analysis and synthesis which is for the formation of the grounded conclusions and the recommendations based on the results of the research. Results. The system of the indicators of the index of the development of the cultural destination has been determined in the article, which includes the group of the indicators of the institutional ability, the cultural-tourist attractiveness, the efficiency. In the field of the definition of the institutional ability, the existence of strategic tasks of the development of the cultural tourism of Pryazovia has been analyzed. For the definition of the outlined problem, the strategic and the program documents for three levels as of 2021 have been outlined, the indicator of "Goal setting" for each destination of Pryazovia (Berdiansk, Henichesk and Arabatskaya Strelka, Kyrylivka, Melitopol, Mariupol) has been analyzed and characterized. Instead, the existing statistics and aspirations of the inhabitants of the Azov region, who consider the development of cultural tourism and preservation of cultural heritage as an important component of the territory, are not reflected in the visions and strategic goals (objectives) of many strategic documents of the Ukrainian Azov region. Based on the study of all program documents, the most effective and efficient in terms of system-strategic approach to the development of cultural tourism is the Roadmap for the development of tourism in the Azov region for 2021-2030. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the key aspects of the strategic goal-setting of the development of the cultural tourism in Pryazovia have been analyzed in accordance with the strategic and the program documents, and the indicators "Goal-setting" for each destination have been determined. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the results of the analysis of the aspects of the strategic goal-setting of the cultural tourism of Pryazovia can be used during the formation of the humanitarian policies in the sub-region of Pryazovia and the Ukraine as a whole. Also, the materials can be used during the teaching of educational components of the educational program of the specialty 242 Tourism.