Оценка туристско-рекреационного потенциала Подмосковья в целях развития этнографического туризма

Chernivtsi region faces numerous challenges in the tourism industry, including imperfect infrastructure, insufficient awareness of the region among foreign tourists, and fluctuations in economic and political conditions that affect tourist flows. The problem remains the unstable volume of foreign tourist flows, which directly affects the financial stability of local hotels, restaurants, and services. The study is designed to reveal the factors that shape these fluctuations and determine which aspects of development can support an increase in the number of foreign visitors in the region. The publication reveals the features of the development of foreign tourism in Chernivtsi region during 2000-2023. The main factors that had the greatest impact on the development of this type of tourism activity were identified. It was found that the largest decline in the number of foreign tourists was due to Russian aggression and the COVID-19 pandemic. The socio-economic and political instability in Ukraine also had a significant impact on the formation of foreign tourist flows. Analysis of the data obtained allows us to distinguish 2 periods of the impact of foreign tourism on the development of tourist services in the Chernivtsi region. The first period covers the period from 2000 to 2013. During this period of time, the ratio of foreign tourism to domestic was mostly higher than average values or close to average indicators. The smallest impact of foreign tourism during this period was observed in 2011, when the share of foreign tourists in relation to the number of domestic tourists was only 8.5%, which is 1.5% less than average values. In 2003, it was 9.5%, thus approaching average values. However, in 2006 and 2007, the greatest impact of foreign citizens on the development of tourism was observed. In these years, their number approached 20% (19.3% in 2006 and 19.7% in 2007) of the number of domestic tourists visiting the region. In other years, the share of foreign tourists relative to domestic ones was higher than the average values and fluctuated within 10-15%. The second period covers 2014-2020. During this time, there is a slight impact of foreign tourism on the development of tourism in Chernivtsi region. The main reason for these processes is the beginning of Russian aggression and, as a result, the deterioration of Ukraine's security image in the international tourism market. In 2014, the share of foreign tourists relative to domestic ones was only 4.0%, and in 2018 it decreased to 2.7%. However, already in In 2019, it reached 10.5%, thus exceeding the average indicators. Foreign tourism in Chernivtsi region at the given stage of development of the tourist complex of Chernivtsi region does not meet the potential opportunities. Only every 10th tourist in the region who used the services of tour operators and travel agents is a foreigner. The greatest impact on the insufficient development of foreign tourism in the region is the Russian aggression, which has been going on for almost 12 years. Its consequence was the formation of a negative security image of Ukraine in the international tourist market and, as a result, a reduction in inbound tourist flows. However, the presence of a powerful recreational and tourist potential, as well as the interest in the development of foreign tourism of authorities and entrepreneurs working in the tourism business, create favorable conditions for the restoration of this type of tourism activity in the post-war period.

The aim of the study. To investigate the current state and prospects of the festival tourism development in the Khmelnytskyi region. The development of tourism, particularly festival tourism, is important for the economy of the country and territorial communities, as it ensures the growth of tourist flows and the development of infrastructure. Method. The research uses general scientific research methods, namely, general logical methods: comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization and analogy. The methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization were used in the study of the cause-and-effect relationship growth of the tourist activity in the region due to the use and preservation of tourist objects, cultural and historical local communities' traditions. Using the method of analogy, the probable positive results of the development of festival tourism in the Khmelnytskyi region were evaluated. Results. Examples of the development of festival tourism in Khmelnytskyi region are demonstrated. The prospects for the development of festival tourism in the Khmelnytskyi region have been determined. The scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that the potential of using festivals in the field of tourism of the Khmelnytskyi region has been determined. The directions for the development of festival tourism in Khmelnytskyi region are described in order to activate domestic tourism and improve the image of the region at the international level. Practical significance. The article provides examples of the festival tourism development in Khmelnytskyi region. The strengths and weaknesses of festival tourism in the region are analyzed. The development of this type of tourism has many positive aspects: popularization of the native region, development of local infrastructure, receipt of funds to the budget, creation of new jobs, attraction of new tourists to other tourist locations. The article argues that the festival tourism development potential of Khmelnytskyi region is very rich and needs development. The obtained scientific results are used in the educational process of future specialists in the direction of training «Tourism», with the educational qualification «Tourism expert, organizer of excursion and animation activities» when teaching the disciplines «Organization of tourist trips», «Professional competences in tourism business», «Organization of tourist activities». The obtained scientific results are used in the educational process of future specialists in the direction of training «Tourism», with the educational qualification «Tourism expert, organizer of excursion and animation activities» when teaching the disciplines «Organization of tourist trips», «Professional competences in tourism business», «Organization of tourist activities». The obtained data can be used for conducting student practices.

The aim of the study is to analyze trends, problems and prospects for the development of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine in the current crisis realities. Methods. The study used the method of statistical analysis, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, synthesis method. Results. The geographical and socio-economic prospects for the development of ethno-festivals and destinations of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine are described, the problems and peculiarities of the organization of ethno-festival tourism in the region are revealed. Scientific novelty. Priorities for the development of ethnic festivals in the region have been identified in order to attract additional tourist flows and promote the development of ethnic culture. Practical significance. Concrete recommendations on the future development of ethno-festival tourism in the region are proposed.

Important issues in the development of regional tourism are the provision of tourist services, formation of the market of services and infrastructure improvement. The creation of clusters in the tourism sector remains relevant. From the standpoint of geographical science, the formation of tourist clusters is quite studied. The tourist potential of Khmelnytskyi region first of all includes the objects of nature reserve and historical-cultural funds available in the regional territory, which have not been involved in tourist activity yet. They are the basis for the formation of new tourist attractions, which can be used for the development of rural tourism, job creation, finding sources of income for newly formed territorial communities in order to obtain a positive effect from their formation. It is established that the synergetic effect promotes the creation of clusters with similar specialization. Determining the prospects of the tourist cluster of Khmelnytskyi region, special attention should be paid to such a form of tourism as rural (green) tourism. Extensive implementation of green tourism in the practice of newly formed united territorial communities in the region will provide additional resources to enhance their socio-economic development. Especially relevant tourist and recreational activities are in the buffer zones of national nature parks and landscape Regional Park, which are located in the Khmelnytskyi region. It is described that the material and technical base of tourism consists of: temporary accommodation facilities; specialized transport companies; tourist and excursion institutions and their subdivisions; information and advertising services; enterprises for the production and sale of tourist goods. Social infrastructure is also important for the organization of high-quality recreation for tourists: the availability of housing and communal services, cultural and household services, health care, and trade. From the standpoint of traditional economic and geographical complex formation, all factors of tourist complexes are divided into two major groups: socio-economic (labor, transport, trade and catering, souvenirs, city tourist development) and natural (geographical location, nature surface area, air temperature) etc. Many scholars, as the main social factors in the development of the tourist complex distinguish: socio-cultural: cultural-historical (architectural-historical) resources, settlement, administrative-territorial division; production and economic: labor resources, the structure of the city's economy, sources of environmental pollution, transport, land resources. Analysis of the location of these factors from the standpoint of social geography will justify measures aimed at enhancing the development of tourism in the regional tourism complex. Mass tourism is possible only if the needs of travelers in food and accommodation are met. Relevant facilities should have a range of hygiene and waste disposal facilities for tourists. Therefore, it is important, especially in rural areas, to provide in the plans of socio-economic development and general schemes of rural development places for temporary stay of tourists, appropriate infrastructure facilities, to reserve land for their arrangement. The analysis of the possibilities of Khmelnytskyi region in the tourist market of Ukraine showed that it occupies the middle places. This is due to the transit transport and geographical location. Within this region there is a clear polarization of tourism development, which determines the spatial features of the regional tourist complex development. Key words: tourist cluster, Khmelnytskyi region, green tourism, socio-economic development of the region.

Kashmir is one of the most famous tourist destinations of India in the Himalayas. The Valley is filled with assorted rich tourism resources. For the sustainable use of these tourism resources, a proper tourism policy is requisite. Subsequently, the present study aims to examine government policy for the growth and development of tourism in Kashmir region; besides, the assessment of tourism potentials and tourist flow in Kashmir is added endeavour of the study. According to the findings, ministry of tourism government of Jammu and Kashmir has framed a draft of tourism policy so far. The draft tourism policy constitutes developmental and promotional tactics for existing and new forms of tourism, abiding the sustainable tourism approach, development of human resource and tourism infrastructure, ensuring safety and security, and encouraging tourism education within the state. Moreover, the state government is working hard to promote eco-tourism and offbeat tourist destinations in collaboration with several other concerned bodies. Jammu and Kashmir State has a tremendous potential of becoming a major global tourist destination. Importance of tourism in J&K economy is known for decades now and its role in economic development has been an area of great interest from policy perspective. To understand the economic impact of tourism in the J&K state, present paper uses secondary sources of data and tries to examine various parameters of economic development such as tourist inflow, employment generation, State Gross Domestic Product, development of infrastructure and regional development. We found apart from agriculture sector, tourism sector is the most popular source of income and employment generation for the state economy.

The article provides an overview of the resource component of the tourist complex of municipal districts of the Northern Moscow region. The statistical data on the proportion of the cultural heritage on the territory of all m unicipalities of the Northern Moscow region. It was found that the most prosperous cultural heritage are Sergievo-Posadskiy, Dmitrovskiy Klinskiy and Solnechnogorskiy districts. The region has a large number of places of folk arts and crafts.
 
 For the development of mass tourism in a particular region (tourist center) requires a certain concentration of the elements of culture. This condition is executed on the space of the Northern Moscow region, defined as a priority area of tourism development. The quantitative measurement of tourism and recreation base in the region is quite comparable with individual countries. Therefore, the region has a special importance and position among the tourist centers of Moscow region, a priority in its positioning on domestic and international tourism markets. But while the «shadow» of Moscow-city, rich tourist and recreation base near Moscow is not enough demand in the domestic market of tourist services. This is the problem of the need to find ways and means of attracting new tourists to the region, to ensure a stable dynamics of quantitative growth.
 
 Depending on the distribution of tourists and the development potential we have identified areas of specialization of the tourist complex of each municipal area, all of which allows you to determine the range of tourist services, which can be their specialty.
 
 The review of attractions and tourist complex resource component Klinskiy, Dmitrovskiy, Taldomskiy, Solnechnogorskiy districts. The conclusion about the importance of and the need for close cooperation between the municipal administrations and representatives of the scientific and practical sphere. It is of great importance in the development of software and integrated strategies for the development of regional tourist complex in order to integrate them into a single regional tourism cluster.

The Middle East and Sorth Africa (MENA) is a large, complex, and diverse region and is viewed as a huge centre of cultural and travel influence. Nevertheless, the region has been plagued by geopolitical tensions, political turmoil, instability, and conflict over the decades. The conflict-ridden and controversial image of the region in many tourism-generating markets has negatively affected the flow of tourists to the region and hindered the development of tourism despite its wealth of cultural heritage endowments, a climate conducive to tourism, and leisure resources. More recently, in the aftermath of the ‘Arab Spring’ and the advent of Islamic extremism and fundamentalism, cultural heritage in parts of the region has been placed at risk and has witnessed large-scale devastation, destruction, and looting. The latter has stressed the urgency for post-conflict reconstruction in the Middle East context. The introductory chapter provides an introduction and background to the MENA region from a geographical and historical perspective in general and the cultural and heritage tourism in the region in particular and the challenges it faces. It will also outline the development of tourism in the MENA region and identify key issues in the region with links to the chapters in the book.

Purpose. The definition of the key aspects of the strategic goal-setting of the development of the cultural tourism in Pryazovia and a system of indicators of the cultural destination development index. Analyze the availability of strategic objectives for the development of cultural tourism in the Azov region. Develop strategic and program documents of three levels (national, regional, local) as of 2021. Methods. The main methods of the research for the achievement of the purpose are logical-structural and content-analysis of the aspects of the strategic goal-setting of the development of the cultural tourism of Pryazovia by means of the processing of the valid for 2021 of the strategic and the program documents of three levels (national, regional, local); method of the expert assessments which is for more professional definition of the status of the indicators of "goal setting" in the cultural tourism for each destination; methods of analysis and synthesis which is for the formation of the grounded conclusions and the recommendations based on the results of the research. Results. The system of the indicators of the index of the development of the cultural destination has been determined in the article, which includes the group of the indicators of the institutional ability, the cultural-tourist attractiveness, the efficiency. In the field of the definition of the institutional ability, the existence of strategic tasks of the development of the cultural tourism of Pryazovia has been analyzed. For the definition of the outlined problem, the strategic and the program documents for three levels as of 2021 have been outlined, the indicator of "Goal setting" for each destination of Pryazovia (Berdiansk, Henichesk and Arabatskaya Strelka, Kyrylivka, Melitopol, Mariupol) has been analyzed and characterized. Instead, the existing statistics and aspirations of the inhabitants of the Azov region, who consider the development of cultural tourism and preservation of cultural heritage as an important component of the territory, are not reflected in the visions and strategic goals (objectives) of many strategic documents of the Ukrainian Azov region. Based on the study of all program documents, the most effective and efficient in terms of system-strategic approach to the development of cultural tourism is the Roadmap for the development of tourism in the Azov region for 2021-2030. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the key aspects of the strategic goal-setting of the development of the cultural tourism in Pryazovia have been analyzed in accordance with the strategic and the program documents, and the indicators "Goal-setting" for each destination have been determined. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the results of the analysis of the aspects of the strategic goal-setting of the cultural tourism of Pryazovia can be used during the formation of the humanitarian policies in the sub-region of Pryazovia and the Ukraine as a whole. Also, the materials can be used during the teaching of educational components of the educational program of the specialty 242 Tourism.

In this paper, taking the per capita tourism revenue of the administrative units of Chinese mainland from 2007 to 2018 as an indicator, we analyze the unbalanced regional tourism growth in Chinese mainland and its trends by using kernel density estimation (KDE), the Gini index, and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). The results demonstrate that (1) the distribution of regional tourism data in Chinese mainland and its four economic regions tends to converge, and the relative difference in tourism development among cities is slowly decreasing. (2) The differences in regional tourism development within the four economic regions in China are different, and each part shows its own degree of decline, with the gap in regional tourism development in Western China being the largest, and that in regional tourism growth in Northeast China the smallest. The difference in regional tourism development in both East and Northeast China decreased significantly and that in Central China decreased the least. (3) Finally, the difference in regional tourism development is dominated by a positive spatial correlation. The range of high-high types has expanded, and low-high and high-low types have decreased.

This article considers the development of tourism and recreation activities in the cross-border regions of Northwest Russia and reveals general trends and features. Tourism is considered to be the current and future direction of social and economic development of the regions because of its attractive cross-border destinations. A number of measures are suggested to stimulate the development of tourism and recreation activities in the cross-border regions of the Northwest of Russia.

Tourism planning and development should be adjusted based on regional characteristics and applicable policies, but over time, tourism planning often pays less attention to the carrying capacity of the region. So there is a need for an analytical study of tourism planning that is tailored to the characteristics of the region to create sustainable tourism. This research was conducted at the Pelang Regional Tourism Destination, Trenggalek Regency using Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Analysis and the concept of Attractions, Amenities, Access, Ancillary to see tourism potential. The research methodology used is Qualitative Description with the methods of collecting observation data, documentation studies and in-depth interviews. Tourism development in the Pelang Regional Tourism Destinations based on regional tourism development planning is included in the concept of natural tourism development with collaborative management between stakeholders, but in the current development implementation when viewed from the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum analysis there is no clear management system and the Pelang Tourism Destinations are classified as the characteristics of semi-primitive areas have not paid attention to aspects of appropriate land use functions, especially in the development of tourism supporting infrastructure.

The issues of activity of enterprises of the tourism sector in conditions of quarantine restrictions are investigated. The thesis about the relevance of developing a number of anti-crisis measures that would help stabilize the development of these enterprises is substantiated. The aim of this work is to study the issues of stabilizing the functioning of enterprises in the tourism sector under quarantine conditions. The article presents the thesis that the tourism industry is considered one of the most dynamic industries in the world economy and international trade in services. In the modern world, tourism is economic activity related to the movement of a person outside the permanent place of residence, his recreation with health improvement, raising the level of culture and education. The author of the article states that over the past two decades, the indicators of the development of the tourism sector have been characterized by positive indicators, the number of countries participating in international tourism has expanded, and the scale of tourist arrivals and international tourist receipts has grown every year. Unfortunately, the coronavirus pandemic has made significant adjustments to the functioning of the tourism sector at all levels (global and regional). Indeed, the coronavirus pandemic, which began in China at the end of 2019 and spread throughout the world, has become the biggest challenge and threat to all countries since World War II. The article substantiates that this negatively affected the inbound and outbound tourism markets on a global scale. Thus, the uncertainty of the further development of the situation, the occurrence of obstacles to the normal implementation of travel, restrictions on movement, the concern of mankind to preserve their own health and safety have caused the crisis and an increase in the volume of losses of travel companies. The focus of the article is concentrated on the analysis of the negative consequences of the aggravation of the epidemic situation for the world economy. The article emphasizes that for each country it is extremely important to take a number of measures to minimize the consequences of quarantine restrictions on the activities of tourism enterprises. Within the framework of this study, the author emphasizes that the main criterion for the restoration of the tourism sector should be the achievement of an optimal balance between security, health and economic interests. The article proposes recommended measures to stabilize the tourism sector in Ukraine and minimize losses as a result of the pandemic. The complex of such measures includes: – continuation of the policy of canceling the obligations to pay income tax and VAT for accommodation facilities, catering; – government support and stimulation of domestic rail and air traffic (government subsidies for the cost of tickets); – gradual introduction of permission to organize open terraces, sites for cafes, restaurants (while maintaining all the necessary safety measures for health protection); – аctivation of measures for digital transformation of the domestic tourism sector; – introduction of a transparent mechanism for the use of funds received in local budgets from the tourist tax exclusively for the development of domestic tourism and related infrastructure. The authors emphasize that today there is no doubt about the need to activate the processes and measures to overcome the harmful effects of the pandemic on the tourism sector of the domestic economy. We emphasize that the nationwide implementation of all anti-crisis levers, consistency and consistency in the implementation of all measures will contribute to their speedy stabilization of the development of tourism entities and their achievement of the level of economic efficiency of their activities. Keywords: tourism, tourist flows, quarantine, epidemic risks, pandemic, Covid-19, «Roadmap for the competitive development of tourism in Ukraine», development of the tourism sector.

This article examines innovative aspects of the development of tourism regions in Europe. The article aims to determine the intensity of the perception of innovation in the tourism region as a problem in its development. The ambition of the article is to assess the problems in the development of tourism regions in Europe in the field of innovation as a possible starting point for optimizing changes in local and regional tourism policy. The research analyses the positions of 95 regional tourism experts from 17 European countries. The database was based on a databank of 150 representatives of academia and 275 representatives of regional tourism organizations. To analyse the properties of categorical data and the relationships between them, we used Gamma, Kendall’s Tau-b, Somers’ D C|R, Spearman correlation coefficient, Phi Coefficient, Contingency Coefficient, Cramer’s V and the decision tree algorithm. The maturity of the innovation environment of tourism regions and their level of development influence the perception of innovations as a problem in their development. Southern European tourism regions perceive innovation as a problem in their development most intensively. Tourism regions with stronger innovation activity have a well-established quality management system and a comprehensive and systematically addressed supply of seasonal and off-season products. Tourism regions ranked in the emerging innovator group perceive the specified problems in the implementation of innovations more intensively. This reflects the lack of coordination of the product portfolio, both in terms of range and quality, in countries where the innovation environment is poorly developed. A key recommendation to mitigate the perception of innovations as a problem in the development of Europe’s tourism regions is to focus attention on the implementation of regional policy instruments that stimulate the participation of tourism in the synergy effects of the existing innovation environment of the economy.

The tourism development of Bantul Regency is planned based on the Bantul Regency Regional Regulation Number 11 of 2020 concerning Amendments to the Bantul Regency's Regional Regulation Number 18 of 2015 concerning the 2015-2025 Regional Tourism Development Master Plan. The rapid development of tourism in the South Coast Region of Bantul Regency is certainly very helpful in increasing regional original income and can also improve the community's economy. One of the important things in tourism development and development is the management system of a tourism destination. Based on the Regional Regulation of Bantul Regency Number 18 of 2015 concerning the Master Plan of Regional Tourism Development for 2015-2025, Bantul Regency has 5 (five) Regional Tourism Destinations (DPD), one of which is DPD Segoro Kidul which has tourism potential that can be developed. With this potential, there must be good management so that the existing tourist attraction components can be used as tourism support. Components of tourist attraction and management of tourist attractions by using the concept of a tourist attraction component (4A) which includes attraction (tourist attractions), accessibilities (access), aminities (facilities), and ancillary service (institutional). The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct interviews, observation, and documentation. Identification of the management of tourist destinations in DPD Segoro Kidul with three stages, namely reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that component 4A has been realized in this area to be used as tourism products and supporting facilities in tourism processing in DPD Segoro Kidul. Coastal tourism destinations are still the leading product in this area, accessibility and amenities are also one of the factors that affect connectivity between tourism destinations, and stakeholder involvement is still an important actor in the management of a tourist destination

This paper outlines the development of wine tourism in the Ningxia wine region, primarily from the perspective of key wine stakeholders. Based on field observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 winery managers and owners, and 2 government officials in the region, it reveals that wine tourism development provides an opportunity to build a unique regional brand focused on high quality wine, to build brand loyalty with domestic and international visitors, and to provide a distribution channel for the wineries to enhance sales directly. To date, however, wine tourism in the region remains under-developed, and there is scepticism about the value of the activities, when other challenges are considered.