СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛЕЙ АПК В ЦЕЛЯХ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ САМООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ И ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The article discusses the measures of state support for agricultural producers, among which a special place is occupied by subsidies provided in various areas. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, the difficulties of a legal nature that farmers, agricultural organizations, agricultural consumer cooperatives face when receiving such support are revealed. Firstly, regional legislation provides for the return of a subsidy not only because of its misuse, but also in case of violation of related obligations that have an indirect impact on the creation and functioning of agricultural producers (violation of the terms of spending, provision of false information when receiving a grant, etc.). It is proposed in the regional regulatory legal acts for non-compliance with the obligations associated with the intended use that arise in connection with the receipt of a subsidy by an agricultural producer, to replace such a measure of responsibility as the return of grant funds for penalties. Secondly, in the event of an unlawful refusal of the regional Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation to issue a subsidy. It is proposed to recognize such a subsidy as a loss in the form of lost profits in order to recover it in a civil law order and to make appropriate changes to Art. 78 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. The solution of the identified problems will contribute to the development of sectors and sub-sectors of agriculture, will positively affect the food security of the Russian Federation.

PROSPECTS AND EFFICIENCY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE FROM OILSEED CROPS

In the current conditions of anti-Russian sanctions for agricultural business, its further systematic functioning does not seem possible without developed agriculture, which is the main component of economic potential and has a significant impact on the well-being of the country's population. For the agricultural sector to develop successfully, regulation and support of this sector of the economy from the state is necessary. In this article, the authors define the features of the development of agricultural production in Russia as a whole, present and analyze the indicators of agricultural output in recent years. An analysis of the indicators of the volume of state support for agricultural production in Russia is carried out, and the leading regions in terms of the amount of budget funding allocated to them are identified. The structure of distributed federal subsidies between the districts of Russia in 2024 is clearly presented. The authors note that agricultural regions located in favorable climatic conditions are not always distinguished by an effective organization of agricultural production and are leaders in receiving budget subsidies. In the article, the authors outline the current new main directions of state support for agricultural producers in Russia. The efficiency of agricultural production development is inextricably linked with the use of modern digital technologies, and the state should support the introduction of these modern science-intensive technologies in the agro-industrial complex.

The article presents the results of research of ways to improve the mechanism of support of Russian agricultural enterprises by the state. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the advantages of improving the state support of agricultural enterprises in the context of the introduction of the digital ruble. The research methods include content analysis, synthesis, generalization, classification, comparison, regulatory method, statistical method. Despite the achievement of some results in the implementation of import substitution programs under the conditions of anti-Russian sanctions, Russia still has dependence on imported goods, which dictates the need to implement various state programs for the development of agriculture, including a variety of support measures. The results of the efficiency audit conducted by the Accounts Chamber indicate the presence of inefficient use of budget funds, illegal provision of subsidies and grants to agricultural producers, including with signs of damage to the economic interests of the state. To solve these problems, the article suggests the use of blockchain technology and the digital ruble as control tools when using budget funds by recipients of state support in the agricultural sector. This proposal will provide the following benefits for the state: it will simplify the procedure for tracking the use of budget funds, since the history of transactions with each digital ruble is recorded and taken into account; it will reduce the percentage of operational errors and the role of the human factor in the execution of transactions; it will reduce unnecessary document flow. To introduce the digital ruble into the budget process when receiving state support for agricultural producers, it is necessary to change the relevant legislation; improve information systems and processes; conducting large-scale explanatory work in the field of the advantages of using the digital ruble with the business community and citizens, with agricultural producers already receiving state support, as well as participating in public procurement.

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that constrain lending to enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, to suggest ways to improve their lending system. A systematic approach was chosen as the methodological basis of the study, which provides for a comprehensive study of the bank lending system of the agro-industrial complex. Historical and structural-functional approaches were also used in its analysis. Methods of comparative analysis were used to consider some problems of bank lending to the agro-industrial complex. Of the general scientific methods in this study, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used. The article examines the dynamics and structure of loans to the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine for 2015—2020; the dynamics of interest rates on loans to the agro-industrial complex and the dynamics of agricultural production by UAH 1. credit provision of the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine for 2015—2020. During the analyzed period, these indicators increase or decrease proportionally, as evidenced by the importance of the efficiency of credit support of the agar sector. In 2020, the efficiency of credit provision of the agricultural sector amounted to UAH 11.64, which is UAH 0.4 more than in 2015. The analysis revealed that the agro-industrial complex today has a high need for financial resources. The characteristic of the main problems of the mechanism of crediting of an agro-industrial complex is given. The need to ensure the availability of bank loans has been identified. Stimulating investment lending to agricultural enterprises will have a positive impact on the development of the industry, as well as improve the existing economic situation of rural residents. High demand for credit resources from agricultural producers, the current state and dynamics of lending to the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine allow us to conclude that it is necessary to improve the mechanism of bank loans, develop effective credit products for the agro-industrial complex and strengthen state support for agricultural lending. Keywords: credit, banks, enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, credit programs for the agro-industrial complex. JEL Classification G21, Q14 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 15.

Ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of the state, the quality of life of citizens directly depends on it. The article provides a literary review of publications and works of scientists and economists dealing with the problems of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) as a factor in ensuring food security. Based on the conducted research, mechanisms for strengthening the stability of the agro-industrial complex are proposed. The primary role in solving food security issues should be solved mainly on the basis of economic methods focused on the sustainable development of agro-industrial enterprises and rural areas, technological and agricultural production growth affect the economic efficiency of the industry, the main purpose of which is import substitution. The country's food security should be based on solving the problem of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and the economic efficiency of the farming and industrial parks. It is also necessary to monitor food security to prevent negative socio-economic phenomena, which ultimately entails the introduction of specific criteria and assessment methods. Competent and economically sound tools will help to increase the production of essential agricultural products. The authors propose to further study the problems of sustainable development of agriculture and food security in terms of learning international experience in solving problems, issues of development of own production, development of the agricultural sector of the economy and others.

The Kurgan region is one of the leading regions in the Russian Federation for the development of the agro-industrial complex. In 2024, in farms of all categories, agricultural production amounted to 62,534 million rubles at current prices or 112.5 % in a comparable estimate by 2023. The Kurgan region entered the top fi ve leading regions of Russia in terms of agricultural production index by the end of 2024, taking fourth place in the ranking of regions. The leading position of the region in the industry is facilitated by numerous investment projects implemented in the agro-industrial complex, measures of state and regional support, as well as the systematic introduction of arable land into circulation. According to Russian statistic department in January-September 2024 in agricultural organizations of the region revenue amounted to 12.5 billion rubles (102.6 % compared to 2023), profi t before tax amounted to 1070 million rubles (41 %), profitability amounted 8.0 % (in January-September 2023 it was 22.5 %), taxes, fees and mandatory contributions were paid 1633.8 million rubles (103.2 %). For the harvest of 2025, the sown area of agricultural crops in the region was 1274.7 thousand hectares (93.7 % by 2024), including grain and leguminous crops 839.7 thousand hectares (85.3 %), technical crops 310.9 thousand hectares (122.3 %), potatoes and vegetable crops 12.0 thousand hectares (95.8 %), feed crops 112.1 thousand hectares (102.5 %). 660.7 thousand hectares of fallow land and fall-plowed land have been prepared. The agro-industrial complex of the Kurgan region has the necessary conditions for further development in the medium and long term, the projected increase in incomes of the population in the country, an increase in demand for food in world markets, an increase in the level of state support for the agro-industrial complex for the period up to 2030 make it possible to count on good prospects for the region.

In the current geopolitical conditions, the Russian agriculture faces risks, the overcoming of which requires new solutions in determining the state policy. The main leitmotif is import substitution. This has been the main task of the state agrarian policy since 2012. The anti-Russian sanctions of 2022 exacerbated the problems of agriculture, the genesis of many of which dates back to the agrarian and land reforms of the 1990s., and to overcome which modern measures of state support are aimed. Among the main problems of the Russian agro-industrial complex is dependence on imported seeds, foreign agricultural machines and spare parts. In addition, logistical ties with countries to which Russia has exported its products over the past few years have been disrupted. An analysis of the modernization of strategic planning documents at the regional level, in particular, in the field of seed production, is presented. The main ways of development of agriculture in the conditions of modern challenges and threats are outlined. Conclusions are drawn about changes in the strategizing of the state agrarian policy, clarification of target indicators, terms, development of state support measures that are adequate to the current global economic situation, transformation of the concept of state agrarian policy, which causes a change in the markets for domestic agricultural products, increasing the importance of the Russian Federation in providing global food supply, security, accelerated development of seed production and technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex.

The purpose of the article is to study the recent tendencies of growth of Russia’s agro-industrial complex (AIC), determine the optimal scenario of its development, and develop recommendations in the sphere of state regulation for its practical implementation. While there are tendencies of growing production and increase in Russia’s export, against this background, there is a tendency of quicker increase of import of food – if it continues, positive balance of foreign trade of food products in 2018 will turn into negative balance in 2020–2024. Though efficiency of crop farming is peculiar for a tendency of quick growth, efficiency of animal breeding is stable, which does not allow overcoming the growing deficit of food in Russia, which grows under the influence of the tendency of wear of fixed funds and slow implementation of new fixed funds due to insufficient financing. Scenarios of mid-term (i.e., until 2024) growth of Russia’s AIC are compiled, of which the most optimal is scenario that requires technological advancements, due to which increase in the value of index of food security up to 85.00 points (27%) will be achieved and the set goals of growth and development of Russia’s AIC will be reached. For a successful optimal scenario of the growth of Russia’s AIC, we offer recommendations in the sphere of state regulation of its digital modernization: adoption of the national strategy of transition to AIC 4.0 within the program “Digital economy of the RF,” development of import substitution in the AIC with emphasis on B2B markets, preparation of the technological platform for transition to AIC 4.0, and sufficient financing for digital modernization of the AIC.

The article presents scientific approaches to the formation of an economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex at the present stage. On the basis of economic laws, the theoretical basis for the formation and functioning of the economic mechanism is determined. The main views on the definition of the category “economic mechanism” in the conditions of various economic structures are considered in accordance with the informational, functional and integral approaches. On the basis of the conducted research, the author’s interpretation of the economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex is formulated, its functions and principles are determined in the new geopolitical conditions. The authors emphasize that the condition for sustainable development of agriculture is expanded reproduction based on the functioning of a comprehensive stimulating economic mechanism and its balanced elements. It is concluded that the system of prices and pricing occupies a central place in the economic mechanism, since the formation and use of monetary resources are a decisive factor in a sustainable reproduction process. It is noted that budget subsidies can be significantly increased, and the structure of their use can be quickly changed, which is extremely relevant in the face of modern challenges and threats. It is emphasized that in modern conditions there is a reconfiguration of the functions of lending, taxation, insurance and customs and tariff regulation for accelerated import substitution and ensuring food security.

The topic of state support for the agro-industrial complex is especially relevant in the face of sanctions pressure and destabilization of the domestic economy. The purpose of writing this paper is to identify measures of state support for the agro-industrial complex as part of the implementation of the strategy of import substitution and the development of foreign economic activity of domestic companies. The author analyzes the theoretical foundations of import substitution and foreign economic activity as categories of scientific analysis, reveals the specifics of the concepts under consideration and the current conditions for the implementation of state support for the agro-industrial complex. On the basis of the analysis, the author identified the directions of the state implementation of measures that regulate foreign economic activity. The principles and legal frameworks of administration and control of the foreign economic activity of domestic companies are studied, it is revealed that at the present stage the volume of agricultural products stocks is sufficient to implement the import substitution strategy and ensure the development of foreign economic activity. It is important to note that when considering the dynamics of grain production in the period from 2017 to 2021, the author revealed that Russia in the 2020/21 agricultural year remains the largest exporter of wheat, while experts argue that the upward trend will continue in the medium term. To implement the import substitution strategy and develop the foreign economic activity of domestic companies, it is necessary not only to provide them with support from the state, but also to implement a policy aimed at improving the quality of domestic products — this will not only increase the competitiveness of domestic companies, but also improve their foreign economic activity. In conclusion, the author formulates conclusions regarding the foreign economic activity of domestic companies in the segment of agro-industrial production on the example of the export of fish products.

Введение. Данная статья посвящена исследованию современных подходов к развитию агропромышленного комплекса в условиях глобальной трансформации, включая экологические, экономические и социальные аспекты, влияющие на устойчивость и эффективность сельскохозяйственного производства. Материалы и методы. Дается характеристика понятия АПК и мировых тенденций агропромышленного комплекса с учетом научных работ и аналитических материалов отечественных и зарубежных авторов. Такие вопросы, как снижение воздействия на окружающую среду, адаптация к изменениям климата, внедрение ресурсосберегающих технологий и повышение продовольственной безопасности, раскрыты и представлены графическим и описательным методами. Внимание уделяется международному опыту внедрения устойчивых методов ведения сельского хозяйства разными государствами, а также новым подходам к управлению природными ресурсами международными организациями. Результаты исследования. Агропромышленный комплекс является одной из ключевых отраслей экономики России. Устойчивое развитие агропромышленного комплекса также необходимо России для обеспечения ее продовольственной независимости, при одновременном сохранении окружающей среды, экономического роста и социальной справедливости. Именно устойчивое развитие агропромышленного комплекса стимулирует рост смежных отраслей, а также увеличивает экспортный потенциал страны. Обсуждение и заключение. Авторы затрагивают тему внешней торговли Российской Федерации в контексте устойчивого развития агропромышленного комплекса. Анализируются экспортные и импортные потоки сельскохозяйственной продукции, их влияние на экономику страны и продовольственную безопасность. Рассматривается роль России на мировом рынке сельхозпродукции, ее конкурентные преимущества и возможности для увеличения доли экспорта экологически чистой продукции. Благодаря данному исследованию были выделены трудности, с которыми сегодня сталкивается российское АПК в мировой экономике. Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of modern approaches to the development of the agro-industrial complex in the context of global transformation, including environmental, economic and social aspects affecting the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural production. Materials and methods. The article describes the concept of the agroindustrial complex and global trends in the agro-industrial complex with the help of scientific papers and analytical materials by domestic and foreign authors. Issues such as reducing environmental impacts, adapting to climate change, implementing resource-saving technologies, and improving food security are disclosed and presented using graphical and descriptive methods. Attention is paid to international experience in the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices by different countries, as well as new approaches to natural resource management by international organizations. Research results. The agro-industrial complex is one of the key sectors of the Russian economy. Sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex is also necessary for Russia to ensure its food independence, while preserving the environment, economic growth and social justice. It is the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex that stimulates the growth of related industries, as well as increases the country's export potential. Discussion and conclusion. The authors touch upon the topic of foreign trade of the Russian Federation in the context of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex. The article analyzes the export and import flows of agricultural products, their impact on the country's economy and food security. The article examines Russia's role in the global agricultural market, its competitive advantages and opportunities to increase the share of exports of environmentally friendly products. Thanks to this study, the difficulties faced by the Russian agro-industrial complex in the global economy have been highlighted.

The purpose of the article is to develop strategic priorities for the formation of competitive advantages of domestic sugar producers on the world market of agricultural products, based on the generalization of the theoretical foundations of competitive interactions of subjects of the world agricultural market and a comprehensive study of strategies for ensuring global leadership of sugar industry enterprises. Research methodology. To achieve the goal, a set of general scientific and special research methods was used using the methods of scientific abstraction, monographic analysis and synthesis, comparative and systematic analysis, abstract-logical analysis, which ensured the reliability, objectivity and thoroughness of the provisions and conclusions presented in the scientific article. Research results. Today, national economic development forms priority tasks, among which the international competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex with the provision of food and energy security of our country occupies a prominent place. In this context, the state and development of the sugar industry of Ukraine is of particular interest. And that is why it is relevant to study the behavior of agro-industrial companies, and especially the use of competitive strategies on the world market of agro-industrial products. The general conclusions and recommendations of the study can be used in the activities of domestic agro-industrial companies and the formation of the state strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex in order to strengthen competitive positions in the world market. Conclusions. Studying the practices of forming competitive strategies of the sugar industry in the world, the author indicated that the optimal strategy for increasing the competitiveness of domestic sugar producers should be the formation of a comprehensive strategy, which will be based on effective mechanisms, both on the part of producers and on the part of state regulation, which in in turn, it will contribute to the sustainable development of the industry, economic growth and strengthening of the position of sugar producers in foreign markets. Programs to ensure the competitiveness of sugar producers should be based on relationships between state authorities, domestic market participants and foreign partners.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the steady growth of agricultural production in the region and the lag in the development of social infrastructure, low attractiveness of the village. The presence of significant reserves of the spatial development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the region makes it possible to optimistically predict that the project-targeted management of the implementation of the strategic priorities of the development of the AIC would improve the standard of living of the rural population and the spatial organization of territorial entities. The purpose of this scientific work is to substantiate the strategic directions for the development of the regional agro-industrial complex as a locomotive for the economic growth of the regional economy, contributing to the creation of comfortable living conditions for the rural population. The study used monographic and balance methods, economic and statistical ones, including cluster analysis, strategic analysis, theoretical and practical development of the authors. The study shows the increasing role of the agro-industrial sector in the region’s economy and substantiates the strategic directions of development: ensuring the growth rate of agricultural and food products, leading all-Russian indicators, expanding export-oriented agricultural production; formation of breeding and breeding base; the introduction of digital economy technologies in agriculture; greening production and the development of organic agriculture. To create comfortable living conditions and livelihoods in rural areas, the main priority areas have been proposed, related to meeting the needs of the rural population in well-equipped housing and increasing the level of integrated infrastructure in rural areas with social infrastructure facilities. The implementation of the identified strategic priorities for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the social infrastructure will help to increase the efficiency of using the reserves of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas.

The strategy of agricultural enterprises is transformed under the influence of external requirements. Limited opportunities for agricultural enterprises to adapt to harsh economic and environmental conditions, especially in developing countries, determine strategic opportunities and decisions. The purpose of an article was to study the features of the strategy and tactics of marketing activities of agricultural enterprises to identify their effectiveness in order to support the development of activities. The methodology is based on the theory of strategic decision-making and the concept of sustainable agriculture to identify the effectiveness of strategies and tactics of marketing activities of agricultural firms in Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. The results show a low level of strategic orientation of rural enterprises. State support does little effort to stimulate differentiation and niche specialization of agricultural producers, as evidenced by the constant dynamics of agricultural production. Investing in physical assets is the most effective tool to support the agricultural sector. Cooperation and collaboration among enterprises is not widespread and single-owner farming is the most common organizational form in the agricultural sector. Producers' pricing policies remain stable and depend on market conditions: product prices fluctuated slightly. The practical value of the results lies in taking into account the identified effective ways of state support for agricultural producers in promoting the strategy of differentiation of agricultural products.