Устойчивое развитие агропромышленного комплекса: международные практики и возможности для России

Subject. The article addresses the activities of the agro-industrial complex of Russia to ensure the country's food security in the context of sanctions, using the case of the most important sectors of crop production. Objectives. The aims are to perform a retrospective analysis of the grain and sugar beet industries development in Russia, to describe the role of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in ensuring the country's food security in the context of foreign trade restrictions. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping and comparison, abstraction, generalization, and analogy. The dynamics of the main parameters characterizing the activity of the most important branches of crop production was analyzed on the basis of statistical data, using the methods of mathematical modeling and systems analysis. Results. The presented analysis helped identify the main trends in the development of the grain and sugar beet subcomplexes of the agro-industrial complex, to assess the achieved levels of provision of the population with the main food resources and the processing industries of the agro-industrial complex of Russia with agricultural resources. The achieved levels of provision with food resources correspond to the viewpoints of specialists and the World Health Organization on rational levels of consumption. Conclusions. At present Russia has a real opportunity to maintain a high level of consumption of agricultural products by the population, to provide the processing industry with agricultural raw materials, to increase the export of agricultural products of the most important sectors of the agro-industrial complex.

The article is devoted to some aspects of creating technologies and equipment for the future agro-industrial complex of Russia. The focus is on the dependence of the solution to the issues of the accelerated development of the agro-industrial complex on the intellectualization of the educational process in higher education. The range of issues discussed includes: the role of fundamental science in the development of the country's agro-industrial complex; a new paradigm of scientific activity; close relationship of agricultural scientists and scientists of the food and processing sectors of the agro-industrial complex; quality of engineering education; the concept of advanced education and its fundamental orientation towards the future; the transition from the sum of scattered special knowledge to a system of knowledge in the form of a set of textbooks in special disciplines; description of a set of 19 books "Engineering of food technology". Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the future of the agro-industrial complex and the system of advanced engineering education. What does it take to achieve the goals of advanced engineering education? First, to expand the vector of work of professors, teachers and students from the transfer and assimilation of pragmatic knowledge to the formulation and solution of the problems of the agro-industrial complex. Secondly, to widely introduce methods of self-education based on information and telecommunication technologies, which is especially important for Russia, which has a huge territory. Third, to implement the ideas of advanced education in order to prepare students for the perception of the agro-industrial complex of the future. Therefore, the intellectualization of the educational process should be considered as a problem of today and a key to the country's food security.

Annotation. Objective. The research is aimed at studying the current state of the animal husbandry industry, identifying the main problems in the animal husbandry industry and substantiating the priority areas used by the state to support agricultural producers. Methods. In the course of the research, analytical and economic-statistical methods; general scientific methods of system, comparative and structural-logical analysis were used. Results. The article presents the results of assessing the current situation in livestock farming in Kazakhstan, the dynamics of the number of livestock and poultry for 2015–2019, which affects the growth of gross livestock production, as well as the number of farm animals by region as of January – December 2019. The dynamics of the production of livestock products is analyzed as one of the priority areas for ensuring the country's food security, as well as the export, import and consumption of livestock products in the domestic market for 2015–2019. The main problems in the livestock industry are identified. The measures applied by the state to support agricultural producers through direct subsidies from local budgets are disclosed. The dynamics of subsidizing the development of livestock breeding and livestock products are presented, and the problems of the subsidy system are indicated. Identified the need to improve state support of the agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, the importance of state regulation of the agrarian sector of Kazakhstan to ensure the country's food security and sets out some measures of state regulation of development of agroindustrial complex. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it convincingly reveals the main problems of animal husbandry at the present stage, the directions of state financial support for agricultural producers are determined, the need to improve the issues of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan is substantiated.

Currently, ensuring the country's food security is a priority in the country's state policy. The authors have analyzed the agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory and established its contribution to the development of the country's agro-industrial complex. The region is one of the key regions in Russia for agricultural production and holds a leading position in the production and processing of agricultural products, ensuring the country's food security. The Krasnodar Territory has favorable natural conditions that allow for the cultivation of crops in the temperate and subtropical zones. There are more than 2,200 food industry enterprises in the region, producing more than 2,500 types of products. The main industries are the fat and oil industry, the dairy industry, the meat industry, the sugar industry, and the fruit and vegetable industry. The region ranks first in Russia in terms of gross agricultural production (10% of the national total), rice production (74%), grape cultivation and winemaking (1/3 of all Russian vineyards), and sugar production (25% of the national total). In addition, there was a significant contribution to the all-Russian production of tea leaves – 100%, cucumbers - 22.3%, sugar beet – 10.1%, wheat – 15%, fruits and berries – 11%, sunflower – 20%.

This paper considers the issues of the efficiency of agricultural production in the context of the globalization of the markets for agricultural raw materials and food and the increased competition in this regard. Modern realities and the adopted new Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, adopted in 2020, require an immediate solution to the problems of ensuring the country's food security by increasing the production of high-quality, environmentally friendly, and, most importantly, economically competitive agricultural products, which is not possible without intensifying production processes. However, the pursuit of high yields and high efficiency of agricultural commodity production often leads to the degradation of the prickly factor of production, namely, land. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the level of land degradation in the Republic of Tatarstan and identifies priority areas for combating erosion in agriculture. Measures to combat soil erosion are experimentally substantiated. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that they can not only contribute to the development of the agro-industrial complex and other sectors of the economy, improve soil fertility, the dynamic growth of agricultural products, reduce the disposal of agricultural land and create new jobs but also ensure the preservation and restoration of the Volga River. The results show that the ecological efficiency of one anti-erosion structure in combination with soil protection measures protects an average of 120 hectares of land from further development of erosion processes and is economically paid off by the results of two years of economic activity on protected lands.

The activity of the agro-industrial complex is determined both by the available resources (land, labor, fixed and current assets), the technologies used, the scientific and technical potential, and the existing production and economic relations in the system, which is the agro-industrial complex. Production and economic relations, in turn, are determined by the organizational and economic mechanism, which includes tools, methods and means of influencing market players. Many market players are involved in the sphere of joint activities and it is the economic mechanism that should ensure equal cooperation in order to fulfill the goals set for ensuring the country's food security, as the main task of the state.

Development strategy of agricultural sector of the region is a constantly evolving management process aimed at organizing and functioning of agro-industrial complex, increasing stability and sustainability in order to solve food problem of the state. Strategic directions adopted at the state level, taking into account external and internal factors affecting the level of agricultural production, are the guideline for solution of global problems in agro-industrial complex of Russia. Today, the most important factors are the events taking place in the country's economy caused by the crisis, which was the result of international relations at the external level. Changes in partnership relations, introduction of embargo on a number of food products and raw materials affected the strategy of agricultural business of Russian agricultural producers. The article reveals the strategic directions of agro-industrial complex, reviews the criteria and targets, as well as the actual results achieved by agricultural sector of Russian economy. In order to increase the efficiency of agricultural sector and improve management process, a program-target approach is proposed, determining the relationship of various strategies, programs, projects and plans at different management levels, focusing on goals achievement provided for in regulatory and planning documents.

The proposed article examines the state of the technical level of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex in the Kyrgyz Republic, provides information on insufficient provision, moral and physical deterioration of agricultural machinery and equipment in the agro-industrial complex, analyzes the activities of the agro-industrial complex, identifies further directions for improving the technical level of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex. The aspects of analyzing the state of agricultural machinery and equipment in the Kyrgyz Republic and assessing its impact on the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex, improving the investment climate, aspects of the country's food security, and the development of market relations are outlined.

The article analyses the various theoretical approaches to the planning of agricultural and food areas of Kazakhstan. The author considers that the method of forecast scenarios in development of green business as the most effective one.
 Kazakhstan has all the prerequisites to produce a wide range of food products in volumes that ensure not only the country's food security, but also the opportunity to expand export performance in world markets. At the same time, the available food potential is not being used effectively. This is evidenced, first, by the irrational structure of imports of food products, many of which could be produced at domestic enterprises. In these conditions, it is necessary to search for the most appropriate scientific approaches to the organization of strategic management of the agro-food sector by improving the analysis, planning and forecasting of its development trends, considering the influence of various factors.

Ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of the state, the quality of life of citizens directly depends on it. The article provides a literary review of publications and works of scientists and economists dealing with the problems of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) as a factor in ensuring food security. Based on the conducted research, mechanisms for strengthening the stability of the agro-industrial complex are proposed. The primary role in solving food security issues should be solved mainly on the basis of economic methods focused on the sustainable development of agro-industrial enterprises and rural areas, technological and agricultural production growth affect the economic efficiency of the industry, the main purpose of which is import substitution. The country's food security should be based on solving the problem of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and the economic efficiency of the farming and industrial parks. It is also necessary to monitor food security to prevent negative socio-economic phenomena, which ultimately entails the introduction of specific criteria and assessment methods. Competent and economically sound tools will help to increase the production of essential agricultural products. The authors propose to further study the problems of sustainable development of agriculture and food security in terms of learning international experience in solving problems, issues of development of own production, development of the agricultural sector of the economy and others.

Relevance. Russian export of agricultural products by the end of 2020 showed a high potential for growth. Record harvests in some segments of the agricultural industry allowed Russia not only to increase the volume of supplies of agricultural products to the world food markets, but also to actually open new promising markets in Africa, Asia and Europe. State programs to support Russian farmers will maximize the stimulation of production and development of this industry, not only in terms of increasing production volumes, but also in terms of creating rural infrastructure.The purpose of this article is to assess the prospects for the development of individual sectors of the Russian agro-industrial complex and the possibilities of increasing the volume of export supplies to world food markets.Objectives. The article set and consistently solved the following tasks: to assess the results of the work of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the context of a pandemic economic development, to assess the volume of agricultural exports to international food markets, to analyze the state program "Export of agro-industrial products".Methodology. In the process of writing the work, methods of statistical analysis, graphical analysis of data, horizontal and vertical analysis, logical techniques, methods of analogy and generalization were used.Results. The review of the state and dynamics of the development of Russian agricultural exports made it possible to make a forecast and draw conclusions about the high potential of some branches of the agro-industrial complex for growth and expansion of supplies to the world food markets of Africa, Asia, and Europe.Conclusions. The program to stimulate the export of agricultural products until 2024 allowed Russia to advance in the ranking of world exports to 20th place at the end of 2020. Further advancement of the position in the rating will depend on the structure of export itself and the increase in the production of the processing industry in it. Forecasts for the growth of export of Russian agro-industrial complex products are quite optimistic and will depend on a number of objective factors.

The engineering and technical system in the agro-industrial complex is currently an insufficiently studied area of activity and the need to analyze the state of this system is obvious. (Research purpose). The research purpose is in considering the state of the engineering and technical system of the agro-industrial complex and determining ways of its improving. (Materials and methods). The implementation of technological processes for maintaining and restoring the parameters of the technical condition of agricultural machinery with proper quality is possible only with the availability of intelligent technological equipment at specialized enterprises of the agro- industrial complex engineering system, which will provide high-resource repair and maintenance. The article proposes a complete register of operating service enterprises at all levels of ownership, identifying of their potential and developing a strategy for the modernization of this system. (Results and discussion). The article presents for consideration the measures to improve the engineering and technical component in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. At present the system is characterized by a weakening of the quality of technical support of agricultural machines throughout their entire life cycle. One of the important reasons associated with these studies is that ensuring the operational reliability of agricultural machinery for seasonal field work is carried out mainly by agricultural producers, most of whom do not have the ability to carry out high-level operations for technical service of machines. (Conclusions). The most promising enterprises in the engineering sphere of the agro-industrial complex for the needs of agricultural producers are those equipped with modern technological equipment, intelligent technologies and highly qualified specialists.

The purpose of this article is to study the existing relations between agriculture, industry and technology, emphasizing current problems and opportunities, thereby considering the main problems of the development of the modern agro-industrial complex in Russia. Since this section is very important both for the economy and for the whole country as a whole, the study is devoted to ways to solve this problem and the prospects for the development of its in-dustries. It also provides an assessment of the state of the agro-industrial complex in this period and its targeted approaches for the future. Based on this, a number of possibilities have been proposed that will gradually eliminate current problems and improve the agro-industrial complex of our country.

This article discusses the topical problem of creating the export potential of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex in the context of European integration processes. The authors analyzed the main factors influencing the formation of export potential, including legislative, economic, technical and other aspects. In particular, the influence of European integration processes on the terms of foreign trade and export activities of agricultural enterprises is considered. The article also highlights the aspects of the formation of export potential in the context of European integration. Today, the agro-industrial complex is one of the largest and most important sectors of the Ukrainian economy. It is here that the bulk of food resources and almost three-quarters of retail turnover are formed. In addition, agro-industrial enterprises have a significant contribution to the development of the industry and the country's economy as a whole. The agricultural sector of Ukraine is also one of the key elements of the economic systems of many countries with market economies. The development of the export potential of agricultural products is a guarantee of economic growth as a whole, which includes, among other things, staff training and qualitative changes in the marketing system. The prospects for the successful formation of the export potential of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration are that agricultural enterprises should focus on improving the quality of their products and compliance with international standards. This will allow them to take their place in international markets and compete with other countries. In addition, increasing the range of products will allow agricultural enterprises to optimize their competitiveness on foreign markets and reduce the risk of changes in export conditions. Improvement of transport links, customs procedures and storage conditions will ensure efficient and quick export of agricultural products.

The agro-industrial complex faces lots of challenges which brake its efficient economic, ecological and biological development and labor market functioning. Applying statistical analysis of the current indicators we estimate the influence of the negative factors and propose the possible solution. Despite its huge potential, the Russian agro-industrial complex is currently in a state of deep systemic crisis. The development of the agro-industrial complex is directly related to the quality of life of the rural population and the situation in the labor market. The possible solution is to develop engineering, social and transport infrastructure and improve the situation in the labor market in the rural areas. It is the state regulation and support of the agro-industrial complex that is currently the fundamental point of solving existing problems. To maintain efficiency in the agricultural sector, state regulation and support are not just necessary, but unavoidable. For effective operation and systematic development of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to form a program of state support for the sector in order to attract investment and innovation.