АПК БУДУЩЕГО. ВЗГЛЯД НА СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО СКВОЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА

Введение. Данная статья посвящена исследованию современных подходов к развитию агропромышленного комплекса в условиях глобальной трансформации, включая экологические, экономические и социальные аспекты, влияющие на устойчивость и эффективность сельскохозяйственного производства. Материалы и методы. Дается характеристика понятия АПК и мировых тенденций агропромышленного комплекса с учетом научных работ и аналитических материалов отечественных и зарубежных авторов. Такие вопросы, как снижение воздействия на окружающую среду, адаптация к изменениям климата, внедрение ресурсосберегающих технологий и повышение продовольственной безопасности, раскрыты и представлены графическим и описательным методами. Внимание уделяется международному опыту внедрения устойчивых методов ведения сельского хозяйства разными государствами, а также новым подходам к управлению природными ресурсами международными организациями. Результаты исследования. Агропромышленный комплекс является одной из ключевых отраслей экономики России. Устойчивое развитие агропромышленного комплекса также необходимо России для обеспечения ее продовольственной независимости, при одновременном сохранении окружающей среды, экономического роста и социальной справедливости. Именно устойчивое развитие агропромышленного комплекса стимулирует рост смежных отраслей, а также увеличивает экспортный потенциал страны. Обсуждение и заключение. Авторы затрагивают тему внешней торговли Российской Федерации в контексте устойчивого развития агропромышленного комплекса. Анализируются экспортные и импортные потоки сельскохозяйственной продукции, их влияние на экономику страны и продовольственную безопасность. Рассматривается роль России на мировом рынке сельхозпродукции, ее конкурентные преимущества и возможности для увеличения доли экспорта экологически чистой продукции. Благодаря данному исследованию были выделены трудности, с которыми сегодня сталкивается российское АПК в мировой экономике. Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of modern approaches to the development of the agro-industrial complex in the context of global transformation, including environmental, economic and social aspects affecting the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural production. Materials and methods. The article describes the concept of the agroindustrial complex and global trends in the agro-industrial complex with the help of scientific papers and analytical materials by domestic and foreign authors. Issues such as reducing environmental impacts, adapting to climate change, implementing resource-saving technologies, and improving food security are disclosed and presented using graphical and descriptive methods. Attention is paid to international experience in the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices by different countries, as well as new approaches to natural resource management by international organizations. Research results. The agro-industrial complex is one of the key sectors of the Russian economy. Sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex is also necessary for Russia to ensure its food independence, while preserving the environment, economic growth and social justice. It is the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex that stimulates the growth of related industries, as well as increases the country's export potential. Discussion and conclusion. The authors touch upon the topic of foreign trade of the Russian Federation in the context of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex. The article analyzes the export and import flows of agricultural products, their impact on the country's economy and food security. The article examines Russia's role in the global agricultural market, its competitive advantages and opportunities to increase the share of exports of environmentally friendly products. Thanks to this study, the difficulties faced by the Russian agro-industrial complex in the global economy have been highlighted.

The engineering and technical system in the agro-industrial complex is currently an insufficiently studied area of activity and the need to analyze the state of this system is obvious. (Research purpose). The research purpose is in considering the state of the engineering and technical system of the agro-industrial complex and determining ways of its improving. (Materials and methods). The implementation of technological processes for maintaining and restoring the parameters of the technical condition of agricultural machinery with proper quality is possible only with the availability of intelligent technological equipment at specialized enterprises of the agro- industrial complex engineering system, which will provide high-resource repair and maintenance. The article proposes a complete register of operating service enterprises at all levels of ownership, identifying of their potential and developing a strategy for the modernization of this system. (Results and discussion). The article presents for consideration the measures to improve the engineering and technical component in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. At present the system is characterized by a weakening of the quality of technical support of agricultural machines throughout their entire life cycle. One of the important reasons associated with these studies is that ensuring the operational reliability of agricultural machinery for seasonal field work is carried out mainly by agricultural producers, most of whom do not have the ability to carry out high-level operations for technical service of machines. (Conclusions). The most promising enterprises in the engineering sphere of the agro-industrial complex for the needs of agricultural producers are those equipped with modern technological equipment, intelligent technologies and highly qualified specialists.

The agro-industrial complex faces lots of challenges which brake its efficient economic, ecological and biological development and labor market functioning. Applying statistical analysis of the current indicators we estimate the influence of the negative factors and propose the possible solution. Despite its huge potential, the Russian agro-industrial complex is currently in a state of deep systemic crisis. The development of the agro-industrial complex is directly related to the quality of life of the rural population and the situation in the labor market. The possible solution is to develop engineering, social and transport infrastructure and improve the situation in the labor market in the rural areas. It is the state regulation and support of the agro-industrial complex that is currently the fundamental point of solving existing problems. To maintain efficiency in the agricultural sector, state regulation and support are not just necessary, but unavoidable. For effective operation and systematic development of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to form a program of state support for the sector in order to attract investment and innovation.

Although the topic of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been studied in detail in the literature, there is a great need to disclose its industry specifics in relation to the agro-industrial complex. Such research is important not only at the micro, but also at the meso level: using the information obtained, planning and forecasting of CSR results in the industry is possible. The purpose of the work is to highlight the main directions of corporate social responsibility in the agro-industrial complex. The object of the research is the activities and areas of corporate social responsibility in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The article details the views and approaches of representatives of the scientific community on the content of corporate social responsibility, and presents approaches to defining the concept available in economic science. The author analyzes specific corporate social responsibility activities carried out by agricultural enterprises in the Russian Federation. The paper denotes the benefits for enterprises of running a socially responsible business. The theoretical significance of the work lies in clarifying the industry specifics of corporate social responsibility. The practical significance of the research results is that the main conclusions of the work can be used to substantiate the priority directions for the development of corporate social responsibility in relation to the guidelines for the sustainable development of the Russian agro-industrial complex.

The articel is devoted to the study of digital reforms in the agro-industrial complex of Russia and the assessment of opportunities and threats for the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The article also considers business cases of successful digitalization of agriculture and assesses the economic effects of digital technologies, and forms a scenario for the further development of the agro-industrial complex taking into account global trends in the development of the digital economy.

Development strategy of agricultural sector of the region is a constantly evolving management process aimed at organizing and functioning of agro-industrial complex, increasing stability and sustainability in order to solve food problem of the state. Strategic directions adopted at the state level, taking into account external and internal factors affecting the level of agricultural production, are the guideline for solution of global problems in agro-industrial complex of Russia. Today, the most important factors are the events taking place in the country's economy caused by the crisis, which was the result of international relations at the external level. Changes in partnership relations, introduction of embargo on a number of food products and raw materials affected the strategy of agricultural business of Russian agricultural producers. The article reveals the strategic directions of agro-industrial complex, reviews the criteria and targets, as well as the actual results achieved by agricultural sector of Russian economy. In order to increase the efficiency of agricultural sector and improve management process, a program-target approach is proposed, determining the relationship of various strategies, programs, projects and plans at different management levels, focusing on goals achievement provided for in regulatory and planning documents.

The article proves the need to develop innovative approaches to the economic relations organization related to investment, as the requirements of environmental safety change. The authors conducted the research of the agroindustrial complex development in Russia, taking into account environmental requirements. The dynamics and structure of investments in fixed capital for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources are analysed. Special attention is devoted to the state financing of investment projects aimed at ensuring environmental safety in agroindustrial complex of Russia. Measures to take into account environmental requirements in the development of investment projects by agricultural enterprises of Russia are proposed.

Based on the systematization of the existing knowledge in the field of innovation, the article formulates the principles of organizing an innovation system for the agro-industrial complex of Russia. Within these principles, the following concepts became the key ones: an innovation system, a triple helix model of innovation, an innovation process (including the transfer of technologies from the science sector to the business sector and the accompanying problem of the innovation death valley), a comprehensive classification of technology groups and radical innovation types from the point of view of the industry's technological paradigm, and innovation implementation.Research purpose To develop the principles of organizing (building) an innovation system for the agro-industrial complex of Russia and to reveal through them the inner content of the "innovation system" concept.Materials and methods A normative approach to economic analysis and a systematic method were applied.Results and discussion A successful innovation system of the agro-industrial complex is shown to depend on the effective interaction of agricultural science, agribusiness and the state: the three institutional participants in the innovation development and implementation act based on a pre-agreed mutual understanding of the innovation process concept, including the need to overcome the innovation death valley. At the same time, an innovative project proposal can be initiated by any sector, and the role of the state is recognized as critical and mission-oriented. The article presents the criteria for the potential of the new technology implementation at its initial stage, at the level of an idea. An example of the analysis of tillage technology criteria was provided.Conclusions The principles of organizing an innovation system for the agro-industrial complex of Russia were proposed. The secret of the innovation system success is shown to be based on the integrated efforts of the innovation process participants – Russian agricultural science, agribusiness and the state. The article highlights the need for timely real actions, practical steps to build an innovation system.

Purpose: to identify, study and analyze the main factors that determine the level and direction of development of various categories of farms in the country's agricultural sector. Materials and methods: the research is based on the use of sociological research, systemic study and data generalization methods, analytical method. The objects of research were representatives of various forms of agricultural management, specialists from agricultural departments, municipalities, and the regional ministry of agriculture. Results. The analysis of scientific literature on the research theme showed that the formation of a competitive and effective agro-industrial complex in Russia depends on the degree of impact of various factors on the activities of various economic agro-entities. In order to clarify and assess the degree of impact of factors that determine structural changes in the development of various forms of agricultural management in Rostov region, the opinion of participants in the production sector and management structures of the agro-industrial complex was studied, a ranking of the factors under consideration was compiled, and a map of factors was proposed. Conclusions: the study of the factors determining the development vector of various forms of agricultural management allows us to say that modern native agriculture is determined by the influence of a whole complex of various circumstances, namely: directions and measures of state regulation and support, financial, economic and natural-climatic conditions of agricultural entities functioning, the level of technical and technological development, the presence of a developed processing, logistics and marketing infrastructure, the development of integration processes in industry, etc. In this regard, there is an objective need to improve the system of state regulation, the formation of organizational and economic instruments and mechanisms, as well as the corresponding institutional environment, ensuring the leveling of the influence of problems and development factors and the positive results of the functioning of the country's multi-structured agriculture.

The article outlines the main factors that characterize the rationale for the formation of the "Agricultural Recycling" system with the participation of manufacturing plants, engineering enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and other interested organizations and structures. The most important reason for the formation of the "Agricultural Recycling" system is the need to return to the production and operational sphere of secondary resources in the amount of at least 90-95 percent. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in justifying the optimal solution for the creation of a resource-saving eco-oriented system "Agricultural Recycling". (Materials and methods) The article describes the possibility of forming a system of "Agricultural Recycling" in the Russian agro-industrial complex in the next 2-3 years. Decommissioned agricultural machinery and equipment, as well as their components, are partially disposed (ferrous and non-ferrous metals, tires, batteries, etc.), but the main part of the components of the machines becomes waste, which is placed in landfills, which creates many economic and environmental problems. (Results and discussion) The article presents the main factors justifying the need for the formation of the "Agricultural Recycling" system. One of the most important conditions for the creation of this system, in addition to financial aspects (recycling fee), is the active participation in this project of agricultural machinery manufacturers, agricultural engineering enterprises and other interested organizations and structures, which will allow us to activate the process of reviving production capacities in the agricultural complex for the collection and processing of recycled agricultural machinery, as well as its components. (Conclusions) In Russia, to date, despite the regulatory, legislative and economic framework formed in recent years in the state format, a unified system for the disposal of decommissioned equipment has not been created.

There has been investigated the innovative component of the agro-industrial complex as a key factor to ensure food security of the Russian Federation. Basing on statistical data, there have been analyzed the current situation and results of production in the Russian agro-industrial complex. There has been revealed the influence of the innovative component of the agro-industrial complex ensuring the country’s food security. It is proved that agriculture can fulfill the tasks assigned to it, only if it is surrounded by an economic and legal environment, which takes into account the necessary completeness, the inherent differences. It is substantiated that the integrated system of agricultural assessment should be at the center of attention of the state administration and be implemented not sporadically, but permanently, in accordance with the demand for agricultural products. The grain farming can become a promising export resource under certain conditions such as reorganizing radically the procurement system, improving warehouse and transport infrastructure, saving seed material and reaching price parities for agricultural products and the means of their production. The necessity of applying state co-financing as the main form of state support for innovative development is substantiated. In the long term, the agricultural industry will be profitable and it will be able to function mainly without state subsidies.

The modern conditions for the functioning of the Russian agro-industrial complex, due to both objective and subjective reasons, require improvement of adaptation and management mechanisms. The consequences of the coronavirus crisis have created a demand for transformation of the food security system. The regional level of management has the potential to overcome existing challenges and threats and solve emerging problems in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The transformation of regional agricultural systems requires comprehension both from the standpoint of an institutional approach and a theoretical and methodological one. The purpose of the study is to improve the theoretical principles of the functioning of regional agro-industrial complex systems by developing their typology. The article presents the scientific views of leading Russian scientists, as well as the results of their own research.

The article discusses issues dealing with specificity of trends observed in the process of market transformation in the Russian field of the Agro-Industrial Complex. Theoretical aspects of business unit development in the trends of holdingization (or oligopolization) in the Russian sector of the Agro-Industrial Complex were analyzed. Analysis of official statistics shows trends of sustainable advance of agricultural organizations by agricultural produce output. The author focuses at the phenomenon of such a new occurrence of business units in Russian economy as agroholdings and proposes to single out these integrated associations in a specific business entity. It is necessary, firstly, to find in the long-term prospect the optimum market niches on agricultural produce output; secondly, to maintain control over intensifying market power of big business structures and thirdly, to develop tactics on the part of state institutions aimed at attaining new national goals in the field of the Agro-Industrial Complex.

Relevance. The agro-industrial complex, for a number ofreasons, occupies an important place in the domestic economy. Its defining role in ensuring the food security of the state, as well as its intersectoral nature, which determines the fact that the success of the functioning of industries related to the agro-industrial complex is largely determined by its condition, brings the issues of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the protection of its economic interests to a number of the most important national problems. This circumstance serves to actualize research in the mentioned subject area and indicates the need for their intensification. Methods. In the course of the work, general logical and empirical methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, formalization, generalization and comparison were used. Results. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the rate of increase in the level of depreciation of fixed assets in the agricultural sector remains lower than in the national economy as a whole, however, they also show negative dynamics. This circumstance indicates that the modernization of the material base of the agricultural sector is taking place at an unsatisfactory pace. One of the important reasons for the low pace of development of the Russian agro-industrial complex is the low level of domestic effective demand for the goods produced by it. The decline in the share of the Russian Federation in the global gross value added of agriculture indicates the emerging lag in the development of the national agro-industrial complex and the active substitution of products previously produced by it by the countries of the eastern region (India, China), which in the medium term can negatively affect the level of food security in Russia.

The article discusses the features of the activities of enterprises of the Russian agro-industrial complex in digital transformation context. The main types of resources used by them for effective work are highlighted and the task is to study time as an intangible asset that can be used to increase the efficiency of activities. This category is considered from the standpoint of classical science, its definition is given and the main properties are highlighted. The necessity of studying time as a resource and its use in the work of enterprises as a factor in the growth of profitability has been substantiated. The analysis of classical and modern systems of organizing the work of enterprises, including their tools. Based on the analysis, it has been established that during the period of digital transformation of the economy and the agro-industrial complex, little attention is paid to time as a resource, and the rational use of resources needs to be improved. For this reason, the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is considered as the main vector of the development of the complex. The main directions of its transition from the traditional form to new methods of work, its elements, ways of reducing errors and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in this sector of the economy are shown. The main advantages of such a development are presented. In the course of further analysis, it was found that the time factor in the agro-industrial complex during the period of digital transformation plays a key role. Time has been proven to be both a factor and a resource. It is concluded that the competent use of all types of production resources in time allows to obtain a synergistic effect.