РОЗВИТОК ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ

The object of research is the process of evaluating the strategic support of the economic security of the enterprise. It is revealed that one of the effective strategic measures to ensure the economic security of the enterprise is real and long-term financial investment, as well as mergers and acquisitions. It is taken into account that in the conditions of cheapening of assets, the latter become attractive for purchase by larger or economically stable companies. At the same time, such assets may have problems with solvency, profitability and others. In this regard, it is substantiated that an assessment of the feasibility of mergers and acquisitions should be accompanied by a determination of their impact on changes in the level of economic security. It is taken into account that the assessment of the level of economic security is based on determining the shortage of profit before tax. This shortage is characterized by the amount that the company loses due to the failure of certain threshold indicators of economic security. Given the hierarchical structure of such indicators, the shortage of profit is defined as the maximum possible value of the estimated disadvantages of profit for each indicator. It is proved that the effect of mergers and acquisitions, defined in the traditional way, can be achieved, but the effect that manifests itself in increasing the level of economic security is not. It is established that in modern conditions, the criterion for increasing the level of economic security should prevail over others. Methodological approaches to evaluating the feasibility of MaA (Mergers and Acquisitions) transactions have been improved, which, unlike existing ones, take into account the effects of reducing the shortfall in profit before tax and allow to compare the achieved level of economic security, respectively, before and after transactions. An indicator of the economic efficiency of MaA transactions from reducing the shortfall in EBT (Earnings before Tax) profits is proposed.The practical result of this research is the developed methodological approaches to assessing the appropriateness of MaA transactions. Application of the developed concept will allow more correctly assessing the consequences of mergers and acquisitions.

В будь-якій країні обсяг оборонних витрат залежить від рівня воєнної та економічної безпеки держави. Тобто, щоб адекватно відреагувати на зміни стану воєнно-економічної безпеки країни необхідно оцінити її рівень з урахуванням ресурсних можливостей держави на час оцінювання, та тільки після цього приймати рішення щодо частки збільшення, або зменшення оборонних витрат країни. Побудова шкали оцінювання рівня воєнно-економічної безпеки, яка дозволяє дослідити чутливість отриманої оцінки рівня воєнно-економічної безпеки держави до зміни вхідних даних та підвищити стабільність прийнятих рішень за цією оцінкою є актуальним та необхідним завданням сьогодення. В статті шкалу оцінювання рівня воєнно-економічної безпеки пропонується задавати на основі нечітко-множинної математичної моделі. Використання нечітко-множинної математичної моделі для побудови шкали оцінювання рівня воєнно-економічної безпеки, надасть можливість оперувати частковими нечіткими показниками оцінок за складовими показників ресурсного забезпечення воєнно-економічної безпеки держави з метою можливості дослідження питань аналізу чутливості отриманої оцінки рівня воєнно-економічної безпеки держави до зміни вхідних даних та підвищення стабільності прийнятих рішень відповідно до цієї оцінки.

Purpose of the research. The article aims to develop methodological approaches to determining the integrated state and margin of economic security with regard to its provision. Methodology. The following general scientific theoretical methods are used in the study: generalization, explanation, grouping – to analyse economists’ and practitioners’ views on the object under study and draw conclusions upon analysis of primary sources; analysis and synthesis – to justify a new differentiated-integrated approach to economic security assessment; the matrix approach – to integrate the level of economic security and its temporal state and determine the margin of economic security. Results. The article presents methodological approaches developed to determine the integrated state of economic security of an enterprise. It is proposed to understand the integrated state of economic security as its value at a specific date of assessment determined considering the achieved level and temporal state of economic security at a given moment. The article presents a matrix approach to determining the current economic security and proposes an additional indicator of expediency of security provision measures based on the time criterion. The proposed methodological approach to determining the margin of economic security of the enterprise with regard to its provision is based on qualitative and quantitative approaches to its assessment. The approach involves comparison of the value of the level of economic security provision with the integrated state of security resulted from corresponding measures. Practical meaning. The use of the indicator of the margin of economic security with regard to its provision in practical activities of enterprises enables their management to consider beyond-control factors and on this basis make decisions on strengthening (acceleration) or, on the contrary, weakening and economy of implemented measures and programmes aimed to enhance economic security. Prospects for further research. Further research by the author is devoted to development of a methodology for determining the integrated state of medium-term and strategic economic security and, accordingly, identifying the margin of economic security that may occur when these types of economic security are provided.

In the constantly changing conditions of the external environment, with the modern development of science and technology, with a high level of competition, the success of an organization's functioning lies in its timely ability to effectively respond to market demands. An enterprise's resistance to external and internal threats is determined by the level of its economic security. In other words, the economic security of an enterprise is the state of its protection from the negative influence of external and internal threats, destabilizing factors, under which the sustainable implementation of the main commercial interests and goals of the statutory activities is achieved.
 It is extremely important to conduct a systematic analysis of the management of the economic security of enterprises, develop effective methods for assessing the current level of security in companies and improve mechanisms for increasing economic security to improve the competitiveness of Russian business in modern market realities.
 The concept of economic security includes a whole range of functional components. In addition to financial security, the system of economic security includes personnel, technological, market, legal, interface, environmental, information and power components, which equally affect the well-being of the company. And only when comprehensive measures are taken to improve each functional component, a high, competitive level of economic security can be achieved.
 It is extremely important to understand the essence of the economic security of an enterprise, to study methodological approaches to assessing the current level of economic security and to learn how to correctly use the mechanisms to improve it.

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach towards assessing the economic security of institutions of higher education. Methodology. There has been generalized the experience of foreign universities in terms of providing high standards of educational and research process in the context of ensuring their economic security in modern conditions. The study has been conducted on the comparison of aggregate indicators of the economic security of HEIs based on the results of factor analysis (the method of the main components). The output data are formed taking into account the main approaches to constructing a balanced system of indicators based on the results of cluster analysis. The integral indicators of economic security of HEIs and integral indicators of economic security in general have been calculated based on the values of factor loadings and weighting coefficients of indicators for each group. Results. The system of performance indicators of the world leading universities has been formed and the key factors of economic security of foreign universities have been identified taking into account the generalized experience of foreign universities. The developed methodological approach to the assessment is universal and provides opportunities for developing measures to improve the level of economic security of institutions of higher education. Studies have shown that the economic security of economic entities is not least determined by the management efficiency of intellectual resources. Practical implications. The calculated level of HEI economic security is an indicator not only for protecting it from threats but also for the causal link between socio-economic development of the state, its economic potential and the level of higher education. Value/originality. The holistic scientific and practical study has been carried out in the article taking into account the interconnection of higher education and economic security of institutions of higher education and a methodical approach to the evaluation of the economic security of HEIs has been developed. The above stipulates the necessity of developing a methodological approach to assessing the risks to the economic security of institutions of higher education on the basis of possible threats to their activities.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the impact of structural transformations on the economic security of enterprises in the current conditions of dynamic changes in the global and regional economy. Structural transformations, which include changes in the organisational, production, technological and market spheres, have a significant impact on the ability of enterprises to ensure sustainability, financial stability, competitiveness and sustainable development. The article examines the impact of external and internal factors on the economic security of enterprises in the context of structural changes. Particular attention is paid to the key aspects of economic security, including: innovation activity, strategic planning, risk management, improving the efficiency of production processes and adaptation to new market conditions. The article analyses the main risks arising in the course of structural transformations, including increased competitive pressure, dependence on foreign markets, the need to integrate modern technologies and financial challenges. The article presents the author's approach to assessing the impact of structural changes on the economic security of enterprises. It is proposed to take into account a wide range of criteria, such as financial indicators, level of innovation, efficiency of management decisions and the ability of an enterprise to adapt to the crisis. Emphasis is placed on developing practical recommendations to improve the level of economic security of enterprises in the process of structural changes. Among the recommended measures are: introduction of an internal control system, diversification of production and market activities, investments in technology modernisation and personnel development, formation of adaptive organisational structures. The results of the study have both theoretical and practical value. They can be used by managers involved in strategic management to develop mechanisms for protecting the economic security of an enterprise. Researchers can use the findings as a basis for further research in this area. The presented material contributes to the formation of more effective approaches to the management of enterprises in the context of structural changes.

Any fundraising, even in the form of investment, could adversely affect the economic security of entrepreneurship; accordingly, the search for optimal ways to assess investment activities from the position of economic security is of particular relevance. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the nature of such concepts as investment opportunities and potential in the context of innovative development with the provision of an adequate level of economic security. We believe that investment potential should be considered from the standpoint of an enterprise – the object of investment and defined as the entity's ability to achieve the desired investment outcome. From this view, investment potential of an enterprise should be evaluated by considering factors of the ability of this enterprise for upgrading, re-equipment, carrying out scientific or technological developments, implementation of new products provided additional sources of funding for these works. Then enterprise investment opportunities should be considered from the perspective of an enterprise – the entity of investment activities and defined as the ability of the entity to use a share of available resources, including profits, for investment activities. From this position, enterprise investment opportunities should be evaluated by distinguishing free resources and directions of their effective allocation. In other words, investment opportunities are the ability to effectively generate investment and capacity – to effectively absorb them. In addition to this, both the allocation of resources share for investment activities and their involvement in the form of liabilities or capital share directly affect the level of enterprise economic security by reducing its quantitative evaluation. During the analysis of the factors for ensuring enterprise economic security, innovative potential and investment opportunities their joint units both in external and internal environment, which became the basis for the development of appropriate valuation methodologies, are allocated. As a result, the method for evaluation of investment potential and investment opportunities of an enterprise, provided that it doesn't act both as the object and subject of investment process, is completely different. Based on these algorithms it is possible to develop an integrated diagnostic model of innovation and investment activities of an enterprise in the context of its economic security.

Introduction. Financial and economic security is an important component of the study of the state of domestic enterprises. The rapid pace of digitization of all spheres of activity prompts economists to study the impact of these processes on the financial and economic security of enterprises. Domestic enterprises are in the process of adapting to the digital environment, which at the same time causes significant risks and threats to economic security. In such conditions, the task of determining the tools and use of marketing support for the financial and economic security of enterprises arises, which involves the systematic application of quality standards to reduce or eliminate possible risks and threats in economic activity. Purpose of the article is to research of the main trends caused by the digital environment and their impact on financial and economic security; analysis of marketing support of financial and economic security of enterprises on the basis of international quality standards. Method (methodology). The information method was used for the research in order to obtain informative data from scientific sources and the Internet; methods of system analysis, classification and comparative analysis - when distinguishing types of quality standards and marketing research standards, generalization method - for formulating conclusions from the conducted research. Results. The impact of digitization processes on ensuring the financial and economic security of enterprises and the need for measures to adapt to the modern digital environment are substantiated. The place of financial security in the system of economic security of the enterprise is defined. The goal of ensuring the financial and economic security of the enterprise has been established. The existing definitions of the concepts of "financial and economic security" are summarized. The application of marketing analysis of the environment of the functioning of business entities in order to determine the factors that affect financial security is argued. The main international standards of marketing research, which allow determining the factors influencing financial security, are highlighted. The system and content of international quality standards, which are strategic tools for ensuring the financial and economic security of the enterprise, have been established.

Introduction. The global trend of ESG business investment is of particular importance for Ukraine. First, the steel industry has suffered significant damage because of Russian aggression and is still suffering from damaged railway infrastructure and logistical constraints, shortages of raw materials and energy, loss of assets and shelling of facilities. However, while implementing ESG practices, Ukrainian businesses face a wide range of ESG risks, which require further research. The objective is to study the impact of ESG threats on the economic security of enterprises and the effective attraction of financial resources, which are essential in the war and post-war period for the reconstruction of Ukraine's economy and, in particular, metallurgical enterprises and thus, for ensuring their socio-economic development on the basis of sustainability, transparency and environmental friendliness. Methodology. The study used a set of scientific methods that provided a comprehensive survey of ESG threats to the economic security of metallurgical enterprises, namely: bibliographic - for reviewing literature sources; analytical and synthetic - for selecting literature sources that were important for building the research model; interpretation method - for formulating the author's own vision of the impact of ESG threats on the implementation of ESG practices in the activities of industrial enterprises during the war and in the post-war period; analysis and synthesis - for theoretical generalisation. Results. The study identified key ESG threats affecting metallurgical enterprises' economic security. A direct link between ESG threats and the implementation of ESG practices in the activities of industrial enterprises during the war and in the post-war period has been established. It is proved that enterprises that ignore ESG principles of activity demonstrate higher losses from regulatory pressure. Strategic guidelines for the introduction of ESG management at metallurgical enterprises, which should become a guarantee of their economic security, are proposed.

The article examines specific features of the use of marketing tools and their impact on the economic security of enterprises. It has been determined that an effective pricing policy can not fully compensate for the impact of such negative factors as force majeure circumstances, deficit of resource, a fall in solvent demand, and negative institutional influence. At the same time, a reliable assessment of the levels of these factors, combined with flexible regulation of pricing policy, can determine the strategic directions for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise in terms of four key indicators: Profitability increase, ensuring competitiveness, increasing market share, and forming a positive reputational capital. A model for assessing the impact of negative factors and pricing policy on the economic security of the enterprise has been developed using fuzzy Sugeno inference. To model the impact on the key indicators of economic security, four rules of the fuzzy knowledge base have been suggested, which allows adjusting the marketing strategy in accordance with the current state of the external environment. The model has been tested at light industry enterprises. The obtained results were used to form an optimal set of marketing tools aimed at increasing the market share and forming a positive reputational capital for the enterprise. To determine the proportional distribution of marketing tools, a method of dynamic planning based on the ratio of values of economic security indicators has been developed.

Strategic management of regional development requires deep and comprehensive monitoring of the territorial system functioning. The exposure of open socio-economic systems to external influences and the internal destabilizing factors means the emergence of risks and threats to economic security that are different in terms of control. The economic security of the region is based on the ability of the spheres and elements of the system to function in compliance with the requirement to ensure admissible risks, maintain stability under the influence of threats and a negative impact of a combination of factors. Among the most important and controlled areas of the territory economic security are the population life level, production and financial components, budget and infrastructure, investment potential. The article presents the results of the study aimed at developing an approach to assess the economic security of territorial systems based on the membership function. The approach proposed by the authors is adapted to solve the problem of assessing the system membership in different levels of economic security and risk. Application of this method made it possible to identify the probable distribution of regional economic security indicators by risk levels. The estimates of the membership functions indicators coefficients by the region’s levels of economic security are obtained. The results can be applied for the subsequent strategic planning of measures to control the dynamics of the territory development.

The article substantiates that the main stage while evaluating both the separate constituent and the entire economic security of the enterprise is to evaluate the time, which makes the enterprise lag behind with ensuring this security component and general desired level of economic security. It is determined that the time itself is not the mechanism for manifestation of regularities and tendencies, however, it accumulates the actions of the principal factors and expresses them through the trend levelling. The author accepts the suggestion that the influence of all the main factors can be shown on the time basis. The enterprise’s economic security is represented by the hierarchic structure, on the lowest levels of which its separate constituents are found, and the latter ones integrating establish other economic security types that are found on the highest levels of the hierarchy. In the situations, when the enterprise does not lag behind with ensuring a definite security level (evaluated through the determined planned and normative values of fixed security indicators), then the time deficit equals to zero. Consequently, it is proposed to evaluate the time stock for reaching a definite level by the economic security (the time for ensuring both the separate security constituents and the entire economic security as a whole). It is proposed to determine the general time by the amount of time necessary for reaching the determined values (standards, plans, etc.) by separate indicators of economic security and its constituents. It is described that when parallel ensuring the various constituents of economic security happens, then the searched time value will make not an amount, but the maximum from its corresponding values, necessary for the mentioned ensuring. The author determines that during the integration of the obtained time indices it is reasonable to apply two approaches in order to evaluate those economic security types, which are on the highest levels of its hierarchic structure. According to the first approach, it is proposed to determine the time indices on the basis of using the functions of trends, which characterize the actual internal tendencies of the processes analyzed, by time, their external manifestations obtained taking into consideration the corresponding coefficients of weight. In accordance with the second approach, the article proposes to use the time periods determined on the basis of prediction. It is proposed for the first time to determine the speed of changing indices – indicators of economic security.

The article is devoted to the systematization of financial indicators for assessing the level of countries economic security and defining the role and importance of indicators in the system of economic security monitoring. It is determined that the indicator approach is the most common in terms of assessing and monitoring the level of financial security and allows for effective management of financial risks. In this case, indicators act as measures of the degree of stability, reliability and efficiency of the country's economic system. The authors prove that indicators form the methodological basis for monitoring the level and status of economic and financial security. The indicators are classified according to security subsystems and take into account the peculiarities of their formation. The authors analyze the approaches to systematization of financial indicators used in Ukrainian practice, in particular, within the framework of the official methodology for assessing the level of Ukraine’s economic security, as well as within the methodology for assessing the level of financial stability and sustainability used by the National Bank of Ukraine. Among the approaches developed and implemented at the international level, the author examines the IMF Financial Sustainability Indicators System, the IMF and World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework, The World Bank Global Findex Database, and The system of Financial Indicators for Socioeconomic Development of The World Bank (Open Data). Keywords: financial indicator, economic security, financial security, security monitoring, resilience.

The article presents the results of research on the generalization and formation of the main provisions of methodological approaches to the assessment of the level of management of the economic security of enterprises in accordance with modern globalization changes. Criteria for assessing economic security have been determined. It is noted that the development of the system of criteria and parameters characterizing the degree of protection of the enterprise from negative influences is based on a number of proposed principles. The comparative characteristics of the methods of quantitative assessment of the level of threats based on the conditions of application, assessment, accuracy of assessment, costs, accounting for the impact of individual threat factors have been carried out. It is justified to use an approach that reflects the principles and conditions of program-target management and development, which is based on the integration of a set of indicators that determine economic security, to assess the economic security of the enterprise. It was concluded that in an effort to assess the state of such a complex technical and economic system, which is a modern enterprise, which functions in the conditions of the interaction of many internal and external factors, which often have an unpredictable effect on the process of development, production and sale of products, only based on formalized calculations can lead to results that are completely inconsistent with the real state of the enterprise and its development prospects. The proposed model of the interaction of components for assessing the level of management of economic security of enterprises, as a basis for making appropriate management decisions. as well as assessments of the company’s priorities based on the analysis of the state of the level of economic security of the company. In order to adapt the process of economic security management to changing conditions, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis of solving tasks aimed at improving the functioning of the enterprise.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive study of economic security in the EU Member States and Ukraine, to identify differences and to propose targeted policy interventions based on these differences. Methodology. The study uses a quantitative strategy that assigns numerical ratings to countries based on their performance against predefined thresholds for various economic security indicators. These indicators include industrial security, demographic security, energy security, foreign trade security, investment and innovation security, macroeconomic security, food security, social security and financial security. The study uses data from a variety of sources and applies a ranking system to reflect the level of economic security in each category. Results. The analysis revealed significant differences in the levels of economic security between EU Member States and Ukraine. The main findings include differences in agricultural efficiency, healthcare system efficiency, renewable energy consumption, trade balance, research and development expenditure, and socio-economic factors. For example, countries such as Belgium and Ireland have high yields, while Cyprus and Romania have much lower yields. Life expectancy and the quality of healthcare also vary: Spain and Sweden lead the way, while Bulgaria and Ukraine lag behind. Practical implications. The findings suggest the need for targeted policies and technological advances to improve economic security. For the younger generation, marketing strategies based on brand equity and exclusivity can continue even during economic downturns. For the older generation, strategies that focus on value for money or lower prices may be more effective. Understanding these metrics can help businesses align their strategies with national economic priorities and identify potential areas for investment and growth. Value / Оriginality. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a detailed comparative analysis of economic security in the EU Member States and Ukraine, filling a gap in the understanding of the multifaceted aspects of economic security in these regions.