Щодо формування шкал оцінювання рівня (стану) воєнно-економічної безпеки держави

Despite vast research has been carried out and a great number of approaches are available to assess the economic security of enterprises, currently a range of security-related issues are yet beyond the research agenda, thus triggering a need for their thorough investigation and interpretation, in particular this refers to a contradictedness concept underpinned by the inverse relationship between its level (state) and a management decision which can be effective subject to certain economic indicators. The purpose of this study is to develop theoretical and methodological approaches to assess the enterprise economic security with due regard to management decisions effectiveness. To attain the research objectives, the following research methods have been employed: generalization – to draw conclusions from a primary sources content analysis, analysis and synthesis – to provide deeper understanding of the key research categories along with specifying the economic security indicators. The study suggests an ambivalent approach to the perception of management decisions. Using the example of a decision made as to the implementation of an investment project, it is demonstrated that, in contrast to the existing approaches (in which it is viewed as an anti-crisis measure and a tool to boost the level of economic security), in fact, the project may be effective from the position of enhancing the key economic indicators, however it will fail from the perspective of increasing the level of economic security. In this context, the indicators of the investment project economic efficiency have been updated with a focus towards enhancing the enterprise economic security. The study presents an algorithm to test the investment feasibility together with evaluating its impact on the level and the state of the enterprise economic security. The authors also provide a classification of effects from management decisions aimed at increasing the level of economic security. In addition to the above, a chain modeling algorithm is proposed to assess the state of economic security taking into account the rate of change in reaching by security indicators (and its individual elements) their liminal values. The use of this algorithm allows to predict the effects of multiple alternatives in management decision-making on the state of the enterprise economic security. An improved brute force methodological approach applied to investing in processes (projects) to ensure the enterprise economic security provides for a more balanced approach when making appropriate management decisions. The proposals made have important practical implications since they expand the management analytics capabilities and allow to consider the effects from management decisions on the enterprise economic security.

Purpose of the research. The article aims to develop methodological approaches to determining the integrated state and margin of economic security with regard to its provision. Methodology. The following general scientific theoretical methods are used in the study: generalization, explanation, grouping – to analyse economists’ and practitioners’ views on the object under study and draw conclusions upon analysis of primary sources; analysis and synthesis – to justify a new differentiated-integrated approach to economic security assessment; the matrix approach – to integrate the level of economic security and its temporal state and determine the margin of economic security. Results. The article presents methodological approaches developed to determine the integrated state of economic security of an enterprise. It is proposed to understand the integrated state of economic security as its value at a specific date of assessment determined considering the achieved level and temporal state of economic security at a given moment. The article presents a matrix approach to determining the current economic security and proposes an additional indicator of expediency of security provision measures based on the time criterion. The proposed methodological approach to determining the margin of economic security of the enterprise with regard to its provision is based on qualitative and quantitative approaches to its assessment. The approach involves comparison of the value of the level of economic security provision with the integrated state of security resulted from corresponding measures. Practical meaning. The use of the indicator of the margin of economic security with regard to its provision in practical activities of enterprises enables their management to consider beyond-control factors and on this basis make decisions on strengthening (acceleration) or, on the contrary, weakening and economy of implemented measures and programmes aimed to enhance economic security. Prospects for further research. Further research by the author is devoted to development of a methodology for determining the integrated state of medium-term and strategic economic security and, accordingly, identifying the margin of economic security that may occur when these types of economic security are provided.

The object of research is the process of evaluating the strategic support of the economic security of the enterprise. It is revealed that one of the effective strategic measures to ensure the economic security of the enterprise is real and long-term financial investment, as well as mergers and acquisitions. It is taken into account that in the conditions of cheapening of assets, the latter become attractive for purchase by larger or economically stable companies. At the same time, such assets may have problems with solvency, profitability and others. In this regard, it is substantiated that an assessment of the feasibility of mergers and acquisitions should be accompanied by a determination of their impact on changes in the level of economic security. It is taken into account that the assessment of the level of economic security is based on determining the shortage of profit before tax. This shortage is characterized by the amount that the company loses due to the failure of certain threshold indicators of economic security. Given the hierarchical structure of such indicators, the shortage of profit is defined as the maximum possible value of the estimated disadvantages of profit for each indicator. It is proved that the effect of mergers and acquisitions, defined in the traditional way, can be achieved, but the effect that manifests itself in increasing the level of economic security is not. It is established that in modern conditions, the criterion for increasing the level of economic security should prevail over others. Methodological approaches to evaluating the feasibility of MaA (Mergers and Acquisitions) transactions have been improved, which, unlike existing ones, take into account the effects of reducing the shortfall in profit before tax and allow to compare the achieved level of economic security, respectively, before and after transactions. An indicator of the economic efficiency of MaA transactions from reducing the shortfall in EBT (Earnings before Tax) profits is proposed.The practical result of this research is the developed methodological approaches to assessing the appropriateness of MaA transactions. Application of the developed concept will allow more correctly assessing the consequences of mergers and acquisitions.

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach towards assessing the economic security of institutions of higher education. Methodology. There has been generalized the experience of foreign universities in terms of providing high standards of educational and research process in the context of ensuring their economic security in modern conditions. The study has been conducted on the comparison of aggregate indicators of the economic security of HEIs based on the results of factor analysis (the method of the main components). The output data are formed taking into account the main approaches to constructing a balanced system of indicators based on the results of cluster analysis. The integral indicators of economic security of HEIs and integral indicators of economic security in general have been calculated based on the values of factor loadings and weighting coefficients of indicators for each group. Results. The system of performance indicators of the world leading universities has been formed and the key factors of economic security of foreign universities have been identified taking into account the generalized experience of foreign universities. The developed methodological approach to the assessment is universal and provides opportunities for developing measures to improve the level of economic security of institutions of higher education. Studies have shown that the economic security of economic entities is not least determined by the management efficiency of intellectual resources. Practical implications. The calculated level of HEI economic security is an indicator not only for protecting it from threats but also for the causal link between socio-economic development of the state, its economic potential and the level of higher education. Value/originality. The holistic scientific and practical study has been carried out in the article taking into account the interconnection of higher education and economic security of institutions of higher education and a methodical approach to the evaluation of the economic security of HEIs has been developed. The above stipulates the necessity of developing a methodological approach to assessing the risks to the economic security of institutions of higher education on the basis of possible threats to their activities.

The article is devoted to the systematization of financial indicators for assessing the level of countries economic security and defining the role and importance of indicators in the system of economic security monitoring. It is determined that the indicator approach is the most common in terms of assessing and monitoring the level of financial security and allows for effective management of financial risks. In this case, indicators act as measures of the degree of stability, reliability and efficiency of the country's economic system. The authors prove that indicators form the methodological basis for monitoring the level and status of economic and financial security. The indicators are classified according to security subsystems and take into account the peculiarities of their formation. The authors analyze the approaches to systematization of financial indicators used in Ukrainian practice, in particular, within the framework of the official methodology for assessing the level of Ukraine’s economic security, as well as within the methodology for assessing the level of financial stability and sustainability used by the National Bank of Ukraine. Among the approaches developed and implemented at the international level, the author examines the IMF Financial Sustainability Indicators System, the IMF and World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework, The World Bank Global Findex Database, and The system of Financial Indicators for Socioeconomic Development of The World Bank (Open Data). Keywords: financial indicator, economic security, financial security, security monitoring, resilience.

В совершенства статье удаляющемуся рассмотрены и всеобщность проанализированы которая основные математически проблемы знания экономической останется безопасности бесспорна России в кругом современных задача условиях сказать введения развитие санкций со потребности стороны обманчива западных теоретические стран. На сегодняшний день большинство стран, в том числе и Россия, столкнулись с такой проблемой, как экономический кризис. Экономическая нестабильность напрямую влияет на уровень экономической безопасности и защищенности граждан. В работе обосновывается актуальность проблемы обеспечения экономической безопасности в Российской Федерации.Цели. Оценка уровня экономической безопасности в Российской Федерации, перспектив ее развития и обеспечения прогресса в этой области.Методология. В работе использованы методы аналитической, динамической интерпретации научной и статистической информации.Результаты. Рассмотрены различные подходы к трактовке понятия экономическая безопасность . Предложена классификация индикаторов экономической безопасности и модель управленческих решений при обеспечении экономической безопасности. Проанализированы данные современного состояния российской экономики и на этой основе определен уровень экономической безопасности Российской Федерации на сегодняшний день. Выявлены основные угрозы экономической безопасности России и задачи в области обеспечения национальной экономической безопасности Российской Федерации. Даны рекомендации по повышению уровня экономической безопасности.Выводы. В статье освещены различные аспекты рассмотрения категории экономическая безопасность . Отмечено, что существуют определенные индикаторы экономической безопасности страны, которые классифицируются по разным критериям и позволяют определить уровень экономической безопасности страны. Показано, что Россия сегодня имеет недостаточно высокий уровень экономической безопасности. Определено, что в России существует множество угроз, негативно влияющих на российскую экономику. Сделан вывод о необходимости разработки экономического и политического курса страны с учетом важности обеспечения надежности экономической системы и ее устойчивости к существующим угрозам экономической безопасности. The ближе article опытной reviews and отличие analyzes the тому main чисто problems of именно Russias закономерности economic поступательном security in the обусловливается current абсолютные conditions of синонимом imposing поставленная sanctions on the вообще part of опытной Western различались countries. To date, most countries, including Russia, have faced such a problem as the economic crisis. Economic instability directly affects the level of economic security and protection of citizens. The paper substantiates the relevance of the problem of ensuring economic security in the Russian Federation.Goals. Assessment of the level of economic security in the Russian Federation, its development prospects and ensuring progress in this area.Methodology. The paper uses methods of analytical and dynamic interpretation of scientific and statistical information.Results. Various approaches to the interpretation of the concept of economic securityare considered. A classification of indicators of economic security and a model of management decisions in ensuring economic security is proposed. The data on the current state of the Russian economy are analyzed and the level of economic security of the Russian Federation is determined on this basis.

Strategic management of regional development requires deep and comprehensive monitoring of the territorial system functioning. The exposure of open socio-economic systems to external influences and the internal destabilizing factors means the emergence of risks and threats to economic security that are different in terms of control. The economic security of the region is based on the ability of the spheres and elements of the system to function in compliance with the requirement to ensure admissible risks, maintain stability under the influence of threats and a negative impact of a combination of factors. Among the most important and controlled areas of the territory economic security are the population life level, production and financial components, budget and infrastructure, investment potential. The article presents the results of the study aimed at developing an approach to assess the economic security of territorial systems based on the membership function. The approach proposed by the authors is adapted to solve the problem of assessing the system membership in different levels of economic security and risk. Application of this method made it possible to identify the probable distribution of regional economic security indicators by risk levels. The estimates of the membership functions indicators coefficients by the region’s levels of economic security are obtained. The results can be applied for the subsequent strategic planning of measures to control the dynamics of the territory development.

Introduction. Effective business in today's conditions requires the formation of a progressive methodology that will manage and predict the development of all areas of business entities. The main objective of the study is the development and implementation of a universal assessment model and ensuring a high level of economic security from the impact of internal and external threats. Methods. The methods of analysis, deduction, abstraction and analogy are used to reveal and construct the interconnections between elements of the enterprise's value management, the components of economic security and the basic processes of enterprise activity. As a result, an integrated indicator of economic security of the company is formed on the basis of modeling and formalization method. Results. The economic added value (EVA) methodology was analyzed and the enterprise value management factors were identified. The interrelation of the allocated values factors and economic safety’s resource-functional components is justified. A set of factors for assessing the value of an enterprise and the level of safety of resource-functional components of economic security is grouped. A criterion for assessing the enterprise’s economic security has been developed and proposed. As a result, a model of enterprise management is constructed, with the help of which both the level of economic security and the value of the enterprise are assessed and managed simultaneously. Discussion. Prospects for further research are aimed at improving the methodology for calculating the integral indicator of economic security. The study of the factors and indicators influence on the level of economic security for different ownership forms and management forms.

The purpose of the article is to determine the methodological approaches, methods and methodology of assessment that are acceptable for assessing the economic security of entrepreneurship. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and specific methods, in particular: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, modeling, systematization and generalization. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiated interdependence and level of concepts of economic security of business, enterprise and entrepreneurship as a sector of the economy. The article substantiates the view of economic security as a scientific category, considers the mega, macro, meso and micro levels of economic security. Threats to the economic security of entrepreneurship in Ukraine have been identified. The dependence of economic security of entrepreneurship on economic, social, political, historical, technological, psychological, religious and other factors of society development has been clarified. Different approaches to the understanding of «economic security» have been studied, which made it possible to systematize all directions in line with the two main ones: philosophical and organizational approach. Conclusions. In the conditions of market transformation of the economy, the model of strengthening economic security (at all levels of the management hierarchy) should be formed on the basis of building the potential of economic security, justifying the priorities of economic development in resource constraints. Methodological approaches (principles) for assessing the level of economic security of entrepreneurship should characterize its existing level, the likelihood of undesirable changes threatening the viability of entrepreneurship. Key words: economic security, national security, economic security of entrepreneurship, levels of economic security, conceptual models of economic security.

The article substantiates that the main stage while evaluating both the separate constituent and the entire economic security of the enterprise is to evaluate the time, which makes the enterprise lag behind with ensuring this security component and general desired level of economic security. It is determined that the time itself is not the mechanism for manifestation of regularities and tendencies, however, it accumulates the actions of the principal factors and expresses them through the trend levelling. The author accepts the suggestion that the influence of all the main factors can be shown on the time basis. The enterprise’s economic security is represented by the hierarchic structure, on the lowest levels of which its separate constituents are found, and the latter ones integrating establish other economic security types that are found on the highest levels of the hierarchy. In the situations, when the enterprise does not lag behind with ensuring a definite security level (evaluated through the determined planned and normative values of fixed security indicators), then the time deficit equals to zero. Consequently, it is proposed to evaluate the time stock for reaching a definite level by the economic security (the time for ensuring both the separate security constituents and the entire economic security as a whole). It is proposed to determine the general time by the amount of time necessary for reaching the determined values (standards, plans, etc.) by separate indicators of economic security and its constituents. It is described that when parallel ensuring the various constituents of economic security happens, then the searched time value will make not an amount, but the maximum from its corresponding values, necessary for the mentioned ensuring. The author determines that during the integration of the obtained time indices it is reasonable to apply two approaches in order to evaluate those economic security types, which are on the highest levels of its hierarchic structure. According to the first approach, it is proposed to determine the time indices on the basis of using the functions of trends, which characterize the actual internal tendencies of the processes analyzed, by time, their external manifestations obtained taking into consideration the corresponding coefficients of weight. In accordance with the second approach, the article proposes to use the time periods determined on the basis of prediction. It is proposed for the first time to determine the speed of changing indices – indicators of economic security.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive study of economic security in the EU Member States and Ukraine, to identify differences and to propose targeted policy interventions based on these differences. Methodology. The study uses a quantitative strategy that assigns numerical ratings to countries based on their performance against predefined thresholds for various economic security indicators. These indicators include industrial security, demographic security, energy security, foreign trade security, investment and innovation security, macroeconomic security, food security, social security and financial security. The study uses data from a variety of sources and applies a ranking system to reflect the level of economic security in each category. Results. The analysis revealed significant differences in the levels of economic security between EU Member States and Ukraine. The main findings include differences in agricultural efficiency, healthcare system efficiency, renewable energy consumption, trade balance, research and development expenditure, and socio-economic factors. For example, countries such as Belgium and Ireland have high yields, while Cyprus and Romania have much lower yields. Life expectancy and the quality of healthcare also vary: Spain and Sweden lead the way, while Bulgaria and Ukraine lag behind. Practical implications. The findings suggest the need for targeted policies and technological advances to improve economic security. For the younger generation, marketing strategies based on brand equity and exclusivity can continue even during economic downturns. For the older generation, strategies that focus on value for money or lower prices may be more effective. Understanding these metrics can help businesses align their strategies with national economic priorities and identify potential areas for investment and growth. Value / Оriginality. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a detailed comparative analysis of economic security in the EU Member States and Ukraine, filling a gap in the understanding of the multifaceted aspects of economic security in these regions.

The modern paradigm of financial and economic security management of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems should be based on guidelines for action and management decisions aimed at ensuring and improving the level of financial and economic security. The authors consider the management of financial and economic security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems in terms of complexity and individuality of the choice of components. The article identifies the levels of a comprehensive system of financial and economic security of higher education institutions as socio-economic organizations (institutions). The authors propose to manage the financial and economic security at both the tactical and strategic levels. This study identifies the main functions, principles and criteria of the regulatory and planned level of financial and economic security of higher education institutions and puts forward a modern concept of security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems. The article proves that the management of financial and economic security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems has a complex structure, which includes: goals, principles, actors, objects, tasks, functions, measures, levers and tools. Each of these components has its own characteristics, performance requirements, relationships. Innovation-oriented socio-economic systems for their safe operation must independently develop and adhere to a defined management strategy, the stages of which are described for their practical use in the management of financial and economic security. To ensure and increase the level of financial and economic security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems, the following methods should be developed: technical, financial, informational, legal, personnel, intellectual and innovative. The authors of the article include the following principles of financial and economic security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems: timeliness, complexity, system, legality, activity, specialization, coordination and interaction, centralization, management flexibility and sufficiency in management. These principles are included in the general structure of the management system of financial and economic security of non-productive entities.

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to model a generalized system of indicators of economic security of the regions of the Russian Federation. The topic of the study is relevant, since the prevention of crisis situations, the organization of stable functioning of regional economies, the development of territories and the growth of the standard of living of the population necessitate constant monitoring of the economic security of the regions of Russia, which is based on the modeling of a system of indicators, because socioeconomic development is a complex system of interconnections, various components of the economy.Data and methods. The normative and legal documents of the government bodies of the Russian Federation, official data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation were used as the information and empirical base of the study. The indicators were selected based on the works of Russian scientists and Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2017 No. 208 “On the Strategy of Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”. The method of factor analysis - principal component analysis was used in the formation and modeling of a generalized system of indicators of economic security of regions.Solutions and results. To achieve this goal, at the initial stage of the study, a system of indicators was formed, consisting of 26 indicators characterizing the production, financial, social and other aspects of the life of the regions that determine economic security. The information compression method, the principal component analysis, were applied to the selected indicator system. When choosing the number of principal components (factors), we relied on the eigenvalues of the principal components (Kaiser Criterion) and their contribution to the overall variance of the initial features. Seven principal components were identified. At the same time, their total contribution to the total variance was 78.45%, which is a sufficient condition for the formation of components. The best interpretation of the principal components was achieved without subjecting factor loads to any rotations. Thus, the components were obtained: f_1 (financial security), f_2 (demographic security), f_3 (social security), f_4 (food security), f_5 (scientific and technical security), f_6 (degree of depreciation of fixed assets), f_7 (industrial safety). The information content coefficients for all principal components are in the range from 0.70 to 0.95; therefore, their composition is significant. The constructed regression model in a standardized form made it possible to determine the impact of the selected generalized factors on the level of economic security of the regions of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Having a high level of economic security is important for the activities of each region, therefore it is necessary to conduct high-quality monitoring of the degree of economic security, which allows you to identify weaknesses and strengths in the economy. The results of the study made it possible to form the main generalized factors of economic security of the regions: financial, demographic, social, food, scientific and technical, industrial safety and the degree of depreciation of fixed assets - the subjects of the Russian Federation can be assessed from the point of view of their economic stability, and, consequently, their competitiveness at the national level.

The system of indicators for assessing the impact of the components of technological growth on economic security is generalised. This task is carried out by selecting a system of indicators (40 indicators), which, on the one hand, are consistent with one another and with key indicators used in analysing the state of economic security, and which are identified by the components of technological development, on the other hand. The standardisation of the values of initial data i.e. indicators, the determination of the degree of their deviations from the reference parameters and further integral assessment helped to find a generalised indicator of the state of development and the influence of technological growth on the parameters of the system of economic security. The purpose of the study is to test tools for forecasting modelling of the results of assessing the impact of technological growth on economic security. In accordance with the purpose, the level of relationships between the indicators of technological growth and the level of economic security is assessed. High, average and low levels of their relationship is revealed. The obtained results made it possible to forecast the rates of technological growth, perform exponential smoothing of the forecast estimates of the impact of the components of technological growth on economic security and employ damping measurement of the forecast level of the dependence of technological growth and economic security. Taking into account trends in technological growth, the system of indicators of the forecasting model for assessing economic security is expanded. The accuracy of the forecast is determined by the limits of the analysed period of the dynamics of the indicators – from 2013 to 2019, considering the impact of changes in the methodology for calculating individual input data according to statistical sources for the period under study. The use of forecasting models to assess the impact of technological development on Ukraine’s economic security will help identify political, economic, social and technological factors that will stimulate investment, strengthen economic openness, increase the volume and share of domestic high-tech exports, and thus, strengthen economic security.

The article is aimed at forming an express assessment of the level of economic security for a construction enterprise (which, unlike others, is based on an assessment of the level of efficiency of management of contractors and subcontractors) and the choice of a special package of measures to increase the level of economic security. The article analyzes the current state of the civil construction industry in Ukraine, market characteristics of this sector of the economy. There was a decline in the construction sector during 2020–2021, especially in the first half of 2021. Further, there is a slowdown in labor migration, some supply chains of building materials are interrupted; respectively, there is a need to resume economic activity. Also, theoretical studies of the authors allowed to highlight the main aspects of the formation of economic security of enterprise through the analysis of the relevant market and the dynamics of the civil construction industry. The relevance of creating an express assessment of the level of economic security of a construction enterprise is substantiated. An express assessment is proposed to be carried out on the basis of determining the level of efficiency of management of contractors and subcontractors – to what extent they adhere to the traditional policy of value and income formation. The assessment methodology includes four stages: questionnaire (containing 20 questions in four directions of evaluation); processing of questionnaire data (Delphi method is used); formation of an evaluation scale to determine the level of economic security of a construction enterprise; selection of a package of measures to improve the economic security of civil construction enterprises. The packages of measures to improve the economic security of civil construction enterprises are being developed for both the formal and the informal sectors. The authors believe that it is advisable to adapt the proposed package of measures to the characteristics of each individual enterprise using an individual approach. The proposed express assessment will allow monitoring the condition of the construction enterprise in a short time and identify latent crisis phenomena.