УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЕ ПРАКТИКИ ПО УКРЕПЛЕНИЮ МЕЖНАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОГЛАСИЯ НА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ УРОВНЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕРМСКОГО КРАЯ)

Objective. To analyze and evaluate the factors connected with age and territorial distribution among women with unfavorable maternal outcomes.
 Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of official statistics data on all cases of unfavorable maternal outcomes (deceased women and women with near-miss "almost dead") by age and structure at the place of residence (city, village) in comparison with successful outcomes in Perm Krai (PK), Privolzhsky Federal Region (PFR) and the Russian Federation (RF) for 19972020 was carried out.
 Results. In the age structure of deceased women in PK, the main share of 46.7 % was occupied by women aged 2029 and 3039 years, that differed from the comparison group. Among the mothers with successful outcomes in PK, PFR and RF, women aged 2029 years were in the first place 59.3, 62.5 and 60.2 %, respectively, that is 1.3 times higher than the corresponding proportion in MM. In the second place, there were women aged 3039 years 29.6; 27.9 and 29.1 %, respectively, that is 1.6 times less than the deceased women of the corresponding age. The percentage of young mothers aged 1519 was 9.2; 7.7 and 8.9 %, respectively, that is 1.4 times higher than that of the deceased women.
 The age structure of women with failed maternal mortality (FMM) differed slightly from that of deceased women and significantly from all puerperas in PK, PFR, RF. Thus, according to the ave-rage longterm data, the main share of women with FMM was women aged 2029 years 51.8 %. The percentage of puerperas aged 2029 years in PK, Privolzhsky Federal Region and the Russian Federation was 59.3, 62.5 and 60.2 respectively. In the second place in PK are women with FMM aged 3039 years 31.5 %. The share of puerperas aged 3039 years in PK, PFR and RF is 29.6 %, 27.9 % and 29.1 %, respectively. In the third place, there are young puerperas with FMM aged 1519 years 14.8 %. The proportion of such patients in PK, PFR and RF is 9.2, 7.7 and 6.6 %, respectively.
 According to the average longterm data, the proportion of urban residents prevailed among the deceased women 60.0 %. In the rural areas, the proportion of women who died was 40.0 %.
 By the place of residence, the share of women with FMM did not differ from the corresponding data in the MM group and amounted to 57.4 % in the city and 42.6 % in the village. In PK, PFR and RF, this ratio was 72.7 and 27.3 %; 71.6 and 28.4 %; 73.3 and 26.7 % respectively in all the compared territories).
 Conclusions. The risk groups for MM and FMM were women aged 2029 years, residents of the city and village, high-risk group rural women 3039 years.

The structural analysis of gross regional product (GRP) of Perm Krai has been conducted. The GRP has been calculated using income and expenditure approaches to determine the influence of each of its components on the growth rate of generalized indicator. The significant statistical discrepancy of GRP values, calculated with different methods, has been revealed. The GRP calculated using the expenditures approach is characterized by the greater range of fluctuation than the gross added value and the GRP calculated using the income approach. The reason of the discrepancy has been determined. It is the incomplete disclosure of interregional relations at the regional level. The authors have highlighted the challenges that arose when calculating the values, including the resulting simplification of the methods of calculation of macroeconomic indicators at regional level that are quite substantial to regions, including Perm Krai. Based on the sensitivity analysis and the results of the correlation analysis the authors have identified factors that have the significant effect on the rate of economic growth in the region. Correlation analysis has shown the high dependence of the GRP on consumer spending both in Perm Krai and in Russia. Empirical analysis has allowed to substantiate the main directions of regional economic policy and to identify the instruments of public administration. The use of these instruments together with the methods affecting the salary range, stimulating consumer demand, investment and government spending will allow the government of Perm Krai to influence economic growth in the region.

Objectives: This article explores the historical roots of interethnic harmony and tolerance in Uzbekistan, a country situated in Central Asia. Uzbekistan has a rich and diverse cultural heritage, with a long history of different ethnic groups coexisting and interacting within its borders. The paper examines key historical periods and events that have shaped the foundations of interethnic harmony in the region. Methods: The article begins by delving into the ancient history of Uzbekistan, highlighting the influence of various civilizations and empires, such as the Persian, Greek, and Arab empires. These interactions fostered cultural exchange, religious pluralism, and linguistic diversity, laying the groundwork for a society that embraced differences and valued coexistence. Furthermore, the paper explores the legacy of the Silk Road, which played a pivotal role in connecting different regions and facilitating trade and cultural exchange. The Silk Road brought together merchants, scholars, and artisans from diverse backgrounds, fostering cross-cultural understanding and tolerance. Results: The article also examines the impact of Islam on interethnic relations in Uzbekistan. Islam arrived in the region during the 8th century and became a unifying force, transcending ethnic boundaries. The spread of Sufism, a mystical branch of Islam, further promoted a spirit of harmony and acceptance, emphasizing the importance of spirituality over divisions based on ethnicity or social status. Moreover, the article discusses the Soviet era and its effect on interethnic relations. During this period, the Soviet government implemented policies aimed at promoting equality and unity among different ethnic groups. Education and employment opportunities were made accessible to all, fostering a sense of shared identity and promoting social cohesion. Finally, the article examines contemporary Uzbekistan, highlighting the efforts of the government in promoting interethnic harmony and tolerance. The country has adopted policies that protect minority rights, encourage cultural diversity, and foster dialogue among different ethnic groups. Initiatives such as language and cultural festivals, interethnic marriages, and inclusive education programs contribute to a society where diversity is celebrated and valued. Conclusion: In conclusion, Uzbekistan's historical roots of interethnic harmony and tolerance can be traced back to its ancient civilizations, the Silk Road, the influence of Islam, and the policies implemented during the Soviet era. These factors have shaped a society that embraces diversity and promotes peaceful coexistence among its various ethnic groups. Understanding and appreciating these historical foundations are crucial for fostering continued harmony and tolerance in Uzbekistan and beyond.

During globalization, the importance of national ideology is determined by the growing role of an ethnic factor in regional and regional geopolitics. From the first days of independence, Uzbekistan has given great attention to the development of international relations and has gained a unique experience in stabilizing interethnic relations in a multinational country. This is followed by educating national pride and pride, to restore and restore the culture, language, traditions of nations, to preserve the culture of nations, to achieve general consent solar in the country. Therefore, the creation of a legal framework for the maintenance of interethnic harmony and the equality of citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan has risen to the level of maintaining interethnic harmony in society in the structure of various uniformity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A number of practical measures have been taken in this regard. It should be noted that improving inter-ethnic relations is a special responsibility to Uzbeks, which are a state nation, and historically lives in this space. The sacred duty of the majority of the majority of the population of Uzbekistan is not only to restore its native language, its national culture and history, but for the fate of a large number of peoples who live together together. In order to maintain its unique cultural and spiritual characteristics, it is responsible for creating equal conditions and opportunities to show them and demonstrate difference.

The article presents a spatio-temporal analysis of fog recurrence according to data from 11 weather stations in the Perm region. The effect of fog on air pollution in the cities of the region is also considered. The study period is 1999-2016. Fogs in Perm Krai are observed throughout the year. Their distribution by month and territory is uneven. The maximum number of days with fogs is observed in warm seasons. Fogs are most often observed in Perm Krai in Cherdyn, Vaya and Oktyabrsky weather stations, mainly in August-October. The synoptic situations in which fogs are most often observed in the region include low-gradient field, warm cyclone sector and anticyclone centre. These account for more than 70 % of all synoptic situations in which fogs were observed. The level of air pollution at these synoptic situations was high and low. High level of air pollution on days with fogs was created in Perm at the south-western periphery of the anticyclone and in the centre of the anticyclone, in Gubakha - at the northern, eastern and south-western periphery of the anticyclone. In the towns of Berezniki and Solikamsk, no dangerous air pollution levels were observed on days with fogs. Analysis conducted to identify cases of exceeding Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of pollutants in fogs showed that cases of exceeding MPC were quite frequent. In Perm, Solikamsk and Gubakha cities MPC exceedances for formaldehyde account for 40 - 77 % of all impurities. In Berezniki, nitrogen dioxide and hydrochloric acid account for 65 % of all MPC exceedances.

The vegetable growing sector plays a crucial role for the national economy, acting as a supplier of the most valuable food products for the country's population. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to analyze the current system of state regulation of the vegetable growing industry in the Russian Federation both at the federal and regional levels (for example, Perm Region) for the period 2016−2018. This goal requires the decision of following tasks: 1) analysis of the state budget policy of the vegetable growing industry at the federal and regional levels (for example, Perm Region); 2) analysis of vegetable subcomplex in the Russian Federation and Perm Region; 3) the study of the aggregate balance (consolidated market) of vegetable products at the federal and regional levels; 4) assessment of the effectiveness of the applied instruments of state regulation; 5) development of methods for improving the state of the vegetable growing industry and improving the system of its state regulation. The scientific research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the methods of state regulation of the vegetable growing industry influence the economic indicators of its development. The study analyzed the retrospective dynamics of vegetable production in the Russian Federation and Perm Region for the period 2016–2018. The structure of gross harvests of vegetables for all categories of producers is considered.

Aim. The project National Register of Patients with Mucoviscidosis (MV), introduced in Russia, opened the widest perspectives for comparative analysis and summarizing of clinico-epidemiological data all over Russia, federal districts, regions and separate territories. The register data permit to generalize the experience of observation and management of MV patients in centers.
 Comparative analysis of the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of MV and volume of therapy in patients living in Perm Krai (PK) with the other regions of Privolzhsky Federal District (PFD) and Central Federal District (CFD) of Russia was carried out.
 Materials and methods. According to the Register of MV Patients in the Russian Federation for 2017, the data of 1576 patients with MV were analyzed: 930 (59.0 %) patients were observed in CFD, 600 (38.1 %) in PFD, 46 (2.9) in PK.
 Results. Among MV patients in PFD and PK, there was noted a great variety of variants of the gene CFTR, associated with both the presence of autochthonic and relatively closed ethnic groups and migration of the population. A high allele frequency of the variant E92K was revealed in patients of Chuvash Republic (55.3 %). A group of patients from PK, registered in 2017, had a low mean age, the lowest age of making a diagnosis.
 Conclusions. Clinico-epidemiological studies, according to the data of MV patients register, permitted to detect some peculiar features that can be significant for practical healthcare. Further studies on MV patients register should be continued.

The subject of this research is interethnic tenets of the population of the Republic of Buryatia. In order to preserve stability of interethnic relations in a multi-ethnic society, it is necessary to maintain favorable interethnic tenets and openness of different ethnic groups towards positive interaction with the representatives of other nationalities. This research is conducted within the framework of a larger research, conducted during 2018-2019 titled “Interethnic harmony in the Republic of Buryatia under the changing sociopolitical conditions”. A total of 900 respondents took part in this research. The results demonstrate that the population has an overall positive stance on interethnic relations in the Republic of Buryatia, but not everyone is ready to interact and accept members of other ethnicities. The election of levels of interaction, national or regional, family or neighbor, somewhat depends on age, nationality, place of residence and level of education. The respondents would more readily accept the other as a Russian citizen, than a citizen of Buryatia, and the closer the circle, the less willing are all groups of the population to accept a person of different ethnicity. The most favorable tenets are observed among young respondents, urban residents and respondents with higher education, regardless of ethnicity.

Using the method of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities (Technosol and Retisol) near the salt dump of a potassium enterprise (Solikamsk, Perm region) was analyzed. Soil samples without plants and the rhizosphere of plants of the species Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth) from areas located 1–1.5, 8, 780 m and 11 km from the salt dump were studied. It was found that bacteria from the phyla Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota and Gemmatimonadota predominated in all soil samples. Halite waste had the greatest impact on the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities on the soils of areas (in the salinity zone) located in the immediate vicinity of the salt dump (1–1.5 m). In soil samples without plants collected in these areas, relative to soils samples without salinity (at a distance of 8, 780 m, 11 km from the salt dump), bacteria of the order “Candidatus Actinomarinales” predominated; the proportion in the bacterial communities of representatives of the phyla Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, class Actinobacteria and the Chitinophagaceae family, the proportion of bacteria of the family Xanthomonadaceae increased. In rhizosphere bacterial communities of the plants growing in the salinity zone, the proportion of representatives of the phylum Acidobacteriota and the families Chitinophagaceae, Enterobacteriaceae decreased, and the proportion of the families Xanthomonadaceae and Flavobacteriaceae increased. The influence of the salt dump on the soil bacterial communities from areas located 8 m and 730 m from the salt dump was revealed, manifested in the presence of representatives of the order “Candidatus Actinomarinales” (1.4–1.6%), families Nitrosomonadaceae (3.0–6.1%), Saprospiraceae (1.0–1.9%), the genus Ilumatobacter (1.6–2.8%) and unculturable bacteria of the family Rhodanobacteraceae (1.3–1.5%).

Perm Krai and the socio-political processes taking place in it are in many ways typical of Russia, and therefore of interest to a wide audience of researchers and political analysts. Based on the theoretical constructions of international elites studies and the Perm School of Political Science and elitology, we study the political and business elites of the region, their political behavior, aspects of identity, as well as the most politically sensitive topics in the life of the region. Relying primarily on the literature analysis and subsequent own semi-standardized in-depth interviews (N10) with representatives of regional elites - the following results were obtained. The identity of the elites and everymen in Perm region is somewhat vague, associated with the neutral notion of geographical region of the Kama region. Liberalism in the economic sphere and a relatively stable inter-elite consensus in the political sphere, based on technocracy, are characteristic of the region’s policy for some decades. The region is characterized by a low socio-political dynamics compared to the benchmark regions of the Urals and Siberia, due to lack of regionally oriented elites and businesses and the predominance of various kinds of “Varangians” in the political class. The socio-political and cultural landscape of the region (the Perm Cultural Project) becomes a starting place and a source of supplies for the elites, receiving back very little. Thus, the region remains a promising project that cannot be realized in any way.

Recommendations for the establishment of standards for the content of petroleum products in the soils of the region have been developed. Experiments have been carried out to determine the permissible residual content of oil and its transformation products in soils for podzolic, predominantly deep podzolic soil, sod-podzolic soil, predominantly shallow and shallow podzolic soil, sod-podzolic illuvial-iron soil, chernozem podzolized soil and floodplain soil. Chronic phytotoxicity was assessed by the reaction of four species of terrestrial plants: soft wheat, cress, hybrid spruce and common pine. An aqueous extract of petroleum contaminated soils was tested using test subjects Chlorella Vulgaris and Daphnia Crustacea. Quantitative indicators of permissible concentration of hydrocarbons in soils after reclamation for agricultural and forest lands in Perm Krai were obtained.

Food security of the region is an important sphera of not only of scientific research, but also of public policy. The problem of ensuring food security in the region is an integral character, as it accumulates the key highlights agro-industrial and economic modernization, the real state and development tendencies of agricultural and food products, domestic food market, changes its degree of dependence on imports, the solvency of the population in different regions of Russia. The object of study is the Volga Federal district (PFO), which is one of the leading in the country in terms of industrial development and one of the main agricultural regions of Russia, producing about 27% of agricultural production. The main production potential of the Volga Federal district is concentrated in the Republic of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod and Perm Krai. The system of indicators to measure food security includes 3 main groups: indicators in the field of production, consumption and organizational activity. In this article let´s consider the first group of indicators. The study provided the statistical data for 2010-2014. On the basis of the analysis of the status and development of agriculture and food industry at the regional level in the context of part of the Volga Federal district of the Russian Federation, we can conclude that the indicators of food security in general have high values, PFO is a leader in many respects, the pace of development is positive.

Введение. Целью статьи является анализ различных аспектов организации современного территориального развития туризма и индустрии гостеприимства на примере Ивановской, Владимирской, Костромской, Ярославской областей Центрального федерального округа России. Методология. Основой исследования выступили общенаучные и специальные методы: группировки, ситуационный и структурный методы, наблюдения, сравнения, абстрагирования, анализа и синтеза, индукции и дедукции. Результаты. В статье представлен анализ государственного регулирования территориального развития туризма и индустрии гостеприимства как на национальном, так и на региональном и муниципальном уровнях. На национальном уровне наибольшее внимание уделяется таким направлениям территориального развития туризма как развитие туристской инфраструктуры, повышение доступности туристских услуг, совершенствование управления в сфере туризма. На региональном уровне упор делается на территориальное развитие таких видов туризма как культурно-познавательный, лечебный, экологический. При этом стратегическое развитие туризма на территориях муниципальных районов проработано только в 43% регионах. Выводы. Проанализированная ситуация свидетельствует о недостаточном уровне проработки нормативно-правовой базы в данном секторе экономики регионов и о необходимости ее совершенствования.ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ: Киреева М.М. Анализ современной системы территориального развития туризма и индустрии гостеприимства // Исследование проблем экономики и финансов. 2023. № 1. 4. http://doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2023-1-4-1-11

With the need in the global change research project for the land -use/land-cover change information, most international and regional research organization or groups have put amounts of efforts to improve of the dynamics monitoring and database updating techniques. With the pressure on nature environment from increasing population and decreasing farmland becoming significant more and more in China, the farmland urban dynamics in historical and current times, even the change trends in the future, should be monitored and analyzed serving for regional and national social, economic and environmental sustainable development in the long future. Based on spatial and temporal series of land-use/land-cover database resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences designed a sampling framework for monitoring farmland and urban area dynamics in regional and national level. In order to test the accuracy of the sampling schema for national and regional level, we took two provinces area into overall covered change detecting process with TM images data through being interpreted by digitalization on the screen. The result shows that our stratified random sampling schema is suitable for monitoring land -use/land-cover change at national and regional level with quick response, high accuracy and low expenses. The land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) information can update the LUTEA database for global change research during certain period so that the forecasting process and evaluating analysis on land resources and environment under human and natural driving force will get essential data and produce valuable conclusions.

The article studies the influence of financial factors on the effective implementation of the conception of smart economy at different levels, reveals the influence of factors on the development of smart economy at different levels, presents a hierarchy of levels of smart economy implementation. It is defined that the key levels of smart economy implementation are national, regional, local and business levels. Accordingly, at each of these levels, the features and key aspects of financing smart economy programs are studied. It is further defined that at the national level, the key sources and areas of funding are the development of innovations, the formation of technology parks and innovation clusters, funds for which can be attracted from national, international sources and individual companies that are interested in the implementation of projects at a high level. The regional level is interested in the implementation of regional programs, funding for which, according to research, is provided from regional development funds, regional budget, bonds, national and international grants, co-financing. The study confirms that the role of finance in the development of regions or localities is quite significant, and programs to support smart cities or localities are developing quite actively. The local level is implemented through projects with an emphasis on digitalization, accordingly, these are attracted investments, grants and subsidies, public-private partnerships, city bonds, grants, and crowdfunding. At the business level, the implementation of smart projects requires attracting finance primarily through corporate investments, especially within the framework of corporate social responsibility programs, green investment development, venture financing, green or social bonds, etc. All these sources of funding are often combined with international grants and loans from organizations. The key levels of financing of the smart economy and the forms of its implementation have been identified, taking into account the limitations and opportunities for the development of national economic systems in the globalized world. This became possible due to the analysis of key prerequisites and examples of practical implementation of the smart economy at different levels, the peculiarities of the possibility of attracting financial resources for development at the national, regional, local and business levels.