СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ПОВЫШЕНИЮ СТРЕЛКОВОЙ ПОДГОТОВЛЕННОСТИ СОТРУДНИКОВ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ СЛУЖБЫ ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ НАКАЗАНИЙ РОССИИ

The article actualizes the importance of the personality of an employee of the penitentiary system in the correction of a person serving a sentence for illegal actions. The role of the ethical responsibility of an employee of the penal system in inclusion in a system of relations where moral requirements-models prevail over requirements-prohibitions is substantiated. An interpretation of the concept of ethical responsibility of a cadet of a departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is proposed. The necessity of using the scientific approach as a multi-level toolkit for the formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets is proved. The possibility of using a departmental university as a scientific approach to the formation of ethical responsibility of cadets of the contextual approach in the educational process is substantiated. Theoretical aspects of contextual education are revealed, which served as a source of a contextual approach to solving various problems in the field of vocational education. It is argued that within the framework of the problem of formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets, it is necessary to refer to the ethical context of the professional activity of an employee of the penal system, as a system of internal and external conditions for the actions and actions of an employee in a specific situation that arises in official activities, determined by (the system of) ethical standards governing the official activities of an employee penitentiary system. The purpose of the contextual approach to the formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets is substantiated, which consists in the fact that the contextual approach in the educational process of a departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia ensures the creation of an ethical context for the professional activities of a penitentiary officer.

The article examines the subjective factors of psychological readiness of employees of the penal system to resist manipulation. The results of an empirical study of the assertiveness of of the penal systems employees at the stage of university training and during their professional activities are presented. The psychological features of the Self-concept of employees of the penal enforcement system are shown. The study involved 75 employees of the penal correction system who study under higher education programs at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia at the Faculties of Law, Economics, and Psychology and Probation, and 70 employees of the Federal Penitentiary Institution «Correctional colony No. 2» of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ryazan region, who carry out their professional activities in the security department, at the center for labor adaptation of convicts, in the department of educational work with convicts. The psychodiagnostic tools selected for the study make it possible to measure and analyze those personal qualities of the respondents that ensure their psychological readiness to resist manipulation by convicts. The study used the test questionnaire "Assertiveness Research" (modified by V. Kaponi, T.Novak) and the questionnaire "Self-assessment research using the Demo-Rubinstein method" (modified by A.M.Parishioners). The directions of psychological support for the process of developing anti-manipulative behavior skills are substantiated: expanding the zone of awareness regarding one's own values and beliefs, emotions and feelings; developing emotional intelligence, the ability to manage one's emotions; developing critical thinking; strengthening self-esteem, developing internal pillars of employees.

Introduction: the paper investigates criminal and penal enforcement inconsistencies in the legislative regulation on the use of firearms by the staff of the penal system in their official activities. Legal details consist in the fact that we put forward scientifically substantiated proposals to reform criminal-legal and penal enforcement aspects associated with the use of firearms by employees (guns, submachine guns, rifles, which are operated by the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia). We analyze Article 86 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes relevant security measures. We also consider the practice of foreign countries related to this problem. Aim: to investigate the criminal-legal and penal enforcement aspects related to the use of firearms by staff of the penal system for example, in relation to convicts. Methods: we use dialectical method as methodological and theoretical basis for the study, and deductive method to analyze the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation regarding the use of firearms. We also use systematized methods to study articles of the Criminal Code and the Penal Enforcement Code. They help to classify the legal facts that establish the legal right of staff to use firearms. We use empirical methods of mastering in order to improve penal officers’ performance in the use of firearms. The article presents the results of a survey of 318 employees. Results: we have investigated the essence of criminal-legal relations in terms of the use of firearms by employees of the penal system; we have also studied the practice of implementing the norms concerning the use of firearms by law enforcement officers; we propose a theoretical model for improving criminal legislation related to the use of firearms In addition, we provide scientifically substantiated ideas and empirical studies aimed at improving criminal and penal enforcement legislation on the use of firearms. Research findings of our paper include new ideas concerning the use of firearms within the boundaries of criminal and penal enforcement legislation (we suggest that the foundations associated with the use of firearms should be contained in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Key words: criminal legislation; penal enforcement legislation; use of firearms; legal facts; legal relations; security measures; Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia; penal enforcement system.

This article presents the results of an empirical study of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of primary training for service and training. The purpose of the study is to study the structure of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of primary training for service and training. Hypotheses of research - 1. The structure of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of preparation for service and training is heterogeneous and varies depending on the chosen specialty. 2. Against the backdrop of qualitative heterogeneity of the intellectual-personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, there are also level differences between the specialties. The study involved 275 cadets who took the course of a young soldier (primary training for service and training) at the country's training center of the Academy of the Federal Penal Agency of Russia.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Context and relevance.</strong> As a result of the conducted scientific analysis, it was revealed that victimization in cadets can manifest itself in a potential form. The potential victimization of a cadet's personality is a risk factor for the manifestation of victim behavior in a victimogenic situation. <strong>Objective.</strong> To study the psychological characteristics of the potential victimization of cadets in educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. <strong>Methods and materials.</strong> 366 cadets of educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia took part in the study. As a result of data clustering (based on the results obtained using the methodology "Research of propensity to victim behavior" by O.O. Andronnikova), two groups of cadets were identified: the potentially victimized type, which included cadets with average scores on the scales of the questionnaire, the non-victim type, which included cadets with low scores on the scales of the questionnaire. In the course of an empirical study, the significance of differences between groups of cadets of potentially victimized and non-victim type was analyzed according to the indicators of the methods proposed in the study. <strong>Results.</strong> The scheme of the model of potential victimization of a cadet's personality in educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (the structure of which consists of motivational-value, cognitive, behavioral and emotional components) is described. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The potential victimization of a cadet in an educational institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is an integrative characteristic that includes a set of psychological qualities and traits of a cadet's personality that can increase the likelihood of victim behavior in a victimogenic situation.</p>

Introduction. The successful functioning of the cadet training unit is directly related to the management of their team members. Achievement of good performance is also ensured through the tutorial work of the deputy platoon commander, selected from the ranks of the cadets. The activity of the deputy platoon commander and the necessity for certain personal qualities in it are influenced by the specifics of the departmental university, the duality of the position in the hierarchy of service, some socio-psychological characteristics of students and their personal qualities. Research purpose: to identify a set of psychological characteristics that improve the effectiveness of deputy platoon commanders of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia based on the assessments of the qualified experts. Theoretical framework of the study is a review of publications devoted to the issues of professionally significant qualities and training of junior commanders in higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Federal Drug Control Service of Russia, Ministry of Defense of Russia, as well as related studies concerning deputy platoon commanders of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey on two blanks was used to identify the psychological characteristics of deputy platoon commanders. The total sample of respondents was 362 individuals (22 individuals were employees of training and combat units of faculties, 49 participants were deputy platoon commanders, and 291 participants were cadets). The result of the study is a description of the deputy platoon commander training in educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia by the following characteristic: a responsible leader with well-developed communicative skills, characterized by diligence, stress resistance in a conflict, self-confidence, disciplining and justice. Thus, a number of psychological qualities are typical for a junior commander of a departmental university, which include responsibility, leadership qualities, communication skills, self-confidence, and disciplining. Key qualities for a deputy platoon commander of an educational organization of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are stress resistance in a conflict and justice.

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The aim of this retrospective single-center continuous study was to investigate structure, characteristics and abilities to predict regional drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a therapeutic facility of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Methods . Sputum samples of all patients with newly diagnosed, recurrent or previously treated tuberculosis admitted to a tuberculosis hospital in 2007 – 2015 were cultured. Results. Data on structure and changes in primary (PDR), multiple (MDR) and broad-spectrum (BSDR) drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients, secondary (SDR), MDR and BSDR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with recurrent tuberculosis are presented in the article. Proportion of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with drug resistance increased from 50.7% to 72.9%. MDR increased from 12.1% to 40.4%, and BSDR increased from 1.3% to 11.4% in this group of patients. Proportion of patients with recurrent tuberculosis and with drug resistance increased from 54.5% to 100%. In these patients, MDR increased from 41.7% to 81.3%, and BSDR increased from 4.3% to 41.7%. In patients with previously treated tuberculosis, SDR increased from 79.3% to 96.8%, MDR increased from 31.1% to 76.8%, and SBDR increased from 5.9% to 39.7%. Conclusion . A high level of PDR, growth of MDR and gradual increase in BSDR are expected. An explanation of this process is long-term treatment of chronic tuberculosis in penitentiary service that facilitates development of consistent population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with significant drug resistance.

The article is devoted to the organization of scientific circle on the Russian language for the cadets of departmental higher educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The author substantiates the advantages of participation in the scientific circle, gives exercises aimed at forming vocabulary, stresses the need to improve language skills. As an example of exercises, assignments to the topic "Prefixes with the meaning of negation" are given. The authors come to the conclusion that when performing exercises, the students' vocabulary is enriched with words that include the most frequent international prefixes, familiarity with Latin words, and understanding of the process of borrowing words. It should be noted that participation in a scientific circle on the Russian language increases the general and cultural level of future graduates of the universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, introduces them to various linguistic phenomena, and forms speech culture. The participation of cadets in the work of the scientific circle on the Russian language makes it possible to comprehend the Russian language as the main cultural and national heritage of the country, to understand its aesthetic significance, to develop their own communication skills, to strive to comply with the language norms in professional and ordinary communication. The ability to speak correctly is a condition for the prestige of each employee individually and for the effective operation of the penitentiary system as a whole.

The presented work describes the experience of using modern art therapy techniques in order to form emotional stability within the framework of psychological support for first-year cadets in educational organizations of the penal system (hereinafter referred to as the PS). The article examines the concept of emotional stability as a subject of scientific research, examines the psychological features of its formation in adolescence, describes the specifics of the educational environment of universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (hereinafter FPS), defines and describes methods of using modern art-therapeutic techniques in order to form and increase emotional stability as a basic characteristic of a person and professionally important qualities of cadets. Significant advantages of the use of art-therapeutic techniques in comparison with other psychocorrective methods are highlighted. Based on extensive theoretical and practical experience in the use of art therapy in Russia and abroad, the possibilities of using modern art therapy techniques in the work of a psychologist of educational organizations of PS are considered. The paper describes the techniques of meditative drawing (fractal drawing, zentangle), exercises combining visual creativity and music therapy ("Drawing music"), as well as the experience of using metaphorical associative maps. The main purpose of using these techniques is to form the desire for self-knowledge and self-expression, as well as the ability to work with their own feelings, emotions and moods. The accuracy and reliability of empirical research are confirmed by the theoretical and methodological validity of the initial provisions using a set of complementary, repeatedly tested in psychology psychodiagnostic techniques. According to our observations, as a result of the use of art-therapeutic techniques in the work of a psychologist of educational organizations of the PS system, it was possible to optimize the socio-psychological conditions of educational activity. In this regard, the conducted research makes it possible to use the experience gained in psychodiagnostic, psychopreventive, and consulting and psychocorrective work of psychological services of educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

This article contains a description of the pedagogical process, during which a student of an educational institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is assigned the necessary moral qualities. The goals and the need for instilling social responsibility are inextricably linked with the tasks of the penal system, it is believed that a future employee of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia must meet the established requirements to achieve the goal of the service. While developing, the system needs new trained and professionally qualified personnel able to carry out their duties in conditions of risk, the presence of certain difficulties due to the specifics of this service. The presence of criteria for evaluating a cadet, and then an employee, forms the educational process, which must meet the training criteria, as well as the methods used in education. Social responsibility is a combination of not only knowledge, but also skills, leaves an imprint on both the personality and the prestige of the service, as well as other employees, therefore it is so important to pay attention to this aspect when developing a personality. Problematic issues in training cadets are equipped, components that help assess the level of social responsibility are listed. The relationship of an individual cadet with society and its strata, the influence of society on the consciousness of the individual is considered. The essence of one of the most important methods of upbringing is revealed - the method of collective responsibility, which allows you to monitor the student's performance in performing a specific task to achieve a common goal. Do not forget that a person is a link in society that functions for the common good, but if we are talking about certain statuses of a person, namely an employee of a particular state system or administration, then in this case the issue of social responsibility predetermines the attitude towards service and direct duties of the employee. It seems possible to introduce the obtained materials into guidelines for teachers, and the scientific article is analytical in nature: the results obtained also affect the psychological situation of the team and interpersonal relationships in it.

The article provides the substantiation and systematization of the basic constitutional rights and freedoms of juvenile convicts who are, by court decision, in places of confinement. First of all, the author is determined with such concepts as status, (social) status of a convicted person, and comes to the following conclusion that in the theory of law and the doctrine of criminal executive law in Russia, these concepts are presented as equivalent. In its most general form, the legal status of convicted juveniles is the position of convicts regulated by the norms of various branches of law while serving a criminal sentence of imprisonment. The foundations of the legal status of convicted juveniles are enshrined in international legal acts, such as: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and other international sources rights. Thus, under the legal status (status) of convicted juveniles, the author defines a set of legal elements (duties and rights, legitimate interests and legal restrictions) expressing the specifics and determining the content of the position of convicts while serving a sentence of imprisonment in an educational colony of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Based on the results of theoretical, methodological and empirical research, the author introduces into scientific circulation such a concept as the Educational Center of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Conclusions are drawn, and the modernized infrastructure of the Russian penal system is determined. The article was prepared in the scientific specialty of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation: 12.00.08 - “Criminal law and criminology; penal law. The presented material in the publication does not contain information related to state secrets of the Russian Federation.

The article is devoted to the issues of conducting forensic linguistic research and forensic linguistic examinations. The history of their origin, formation and conceptual differentiation is traced, as well as the problems that researchers (experts) have to face with extremist texts in the Russian penal system. It is proposed to create a special unit at the Federal Institution Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia not only to develop forensic linguistic research and forensic linguistic examinations at the request of the structural divisions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, but also to study issues of optimizing their content and compositional basis.

Introduction: the paper addresses the issue of enhancing the role of individual extramural studies for students of higher education institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and searches for ways to form students’ attitude towardindividual extramural studiesas a significant component of the educational process. Aim: description and scientific substantiation of a pedagogical technology aimed to develop educational self-sufficiency in future staff of the penal system. Methods: theoretical methods (studying and analyzing psychological and pedagogical literature on the subject, pedagogical simulation) and empirical methods (survey, performance results analysis). Results: in the course of our research we formed a set of definitions and terms, the key one among which is “educational self-sufficiency”. Pedagogical simulation helped us describe distance educational technology based on interactive pedagogical communication using Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle). This technology focuses on the development of cognitive motivation in students, and the motivation source is found in a professionally oriented educational dilemma. An educational dilemma serves as an informational and conceptual unit that covers the content of a certain topic and the corresponding competence laid down in the structure of an academic discipline. The empirical research we conducted has shown that the use of this educational technology actually mobilizes students’ cognitive activity and fuels their interest in learning and future profession beyond the topics intended for classroom-based studies. Conclusions: we have found out that the performance efficiency of individual extramural studies depends on how the teacher organizes external supervision. It should correlate with the inner needs of students and bring to the fore a wide range of cognitive motives: motivating directly, motivating intellectually, motivating prospectively. Being in line with these conditions, the educational technology we describe can be used on a large-scale basis. Keywords: educational self-sufficiency; educational process; pedagogical technology; cognitive motives; educational dilemma; electronic educational environment.

The article reveals the characteristics of the educational and methodological support for the training of cadets and employees of the penal correction system of the Russian Federation for persons convicted of terrorist crimes. The effectiveness of correctional work of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia with convicts of various categories under consideration largely depends on the quality of educational and methodological support for the training of cadets of departmental educational organizations and the continuous process of professional development of existing employees. The educational and methodological support for the training of cadets and staff in correctional work of those convicted of terrorism determines the relevance, first of all, of the principles and main stages, which is what this publication is dedicated to.