СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ СИСТЕМЫ КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ В УДМУРТСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ У ДЕТЕЙ В ВОЗРАСТЕ 15-17 ЛЕТ

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, diseases of the circulatory system are leading in the structure of the common incidence and mortality in the adult population, and since 2008, they have also been the leading causes of death among the employable age population. Reducing mortality among the employable age population and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system are the most important target indices of the national project “Healthcare”. Materials and methods. Life expectancy was calculated using an indirect (demographic) method, the contribution of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system by age groups to the differences in life expectancy of men in Kuzbass and subjects of the Russian Federation, and elimination reserves of life expectancy were calculated based on the component method. The age-related mortality rates of the Russian Fertility and Mortality Database were used. To identify the incidence of atherosclerosis of the main arteries, 610 patients aged 47.003±4.875 years were examined. Results. Mortality in Kuzbass men from diseases of the circulatory system is higher in all age groups compared to the Russian Federation, except for 20–29 years. In 2022, the difference in life expectancy with the Russian Federation is 3.30 years, of which 0.79 years is the contribution of diseases of the circulatory system (0.23 years – ischemic heart disease, 0.32 years – cerebrovascular diseases). The elimination reserve associated with the exclusion of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system is 5.78 years. In a random sample, we found a high occurrence of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in men of employable age (61.35%). Arterial hypertension as one of the leading risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis was revealed in almost half of the examined individuals (43.2%). Limitations of the study are related to the duration of the preventive medical examination. Conclusion. Regional features of the life expectancy of Kuzbass men and the impact of mortality from circulatory system diseases, a significant proportion of which is associated with atherosclerosis, have been identified. The elimination of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system promotes an increase in the life expectancy of Kuzbass men by 5.78 years.

Significance: This article is about assessing changes in selected indicators of public health against the background of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in adult population of the Siberian Federal District - a territory of the Russian Federation with a special climatic, geographical and ecological "portrait", characterized by a high prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. The study of this issue creates prerequisites for a detailed analysis of the leading causes of death and peculiar features of their statistical coding in the Siberian Federal District for a given time interval, which helps to identify true mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (in particular, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. The purpose of the study was to assess dynamics in the indicators of total mortality and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in adult population of the Siberian Federal District during the pandemic caused by a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The study used data of the Federal State Statistics Service «Virtual statistical data mart» official website. The study analyzed non-standardized total mortality rates in adult population of the Siberian Federal District (per 100,000 population), and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction for the period from 2016 to 2021 and compared these indicators with the all-Russia data. The COVID-19 impact was assessed starting from January 2020, while the period preceding this date was conventionally designated as pre-COVID period. Ranks and econometric analysis of time series were used. Results. In the pre-COVID period, the total mortality rate in adult population was decreasing over time in the Russian Federation and most regions of the Siberian Federal District, with the exception of the Altai Republic. With the onset of the new coronavirus infection, total mortality increased in most regions of the Siberian Federal District, except for the Republic of Tyva. In the Siberian Federal District in the pre-COVID period, mortality from diseases of the circulatory system increased due to a rise in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in the Altai Republic and Krasnoyarsk region, Irkutsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo regions; mortality from coronary artery disease increased due to a rise in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in the Krasnoyarsk region, Altai Republic, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions; while increased mortality from myocardial infarction is associated with the increased mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in the Republic of Khakassia, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Irkutsk regions. With the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there was an increase in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and coronary artery disease in the Russian Federation and regions of the Siberian Federal District, including a rise in mortality from myocardial infarction, with the exception of the Altai Republic, and the Irkutsk region. In the Siberian Federal District in 2021, there was no increase in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and coronary artery disease in the republics of Tyva and Khakassia, the Novosibirsk region and Krasnoyarsk Territory (only from coronary artery disease); mortality from myocardial infarction - in all regions of the Siberian Federal District, except the Tomsk region. Conclusion. The tendency towards lower total mortality in adult population in the pre-COVID period in the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal District has changes towards increasing starting from official registration of COVID-19 cases. A similar trend is typical of diseases of the circulatory system (including coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction) in the Russian Federation and some regions of the Siberian Federal District. The COVID-19 pandemic is obviously associated with changes in public health indicators in the Russian Federation

Significance. Diseases of the circulatory system remain one of the leading causes of death and morbidity of the adult population. Over the years, the efforts of the State aimed at controlling diseases of the circulatory system have made the contribution of this disease class to the total mortality in Russia gradually reduce. Nevertheless, diseases of the circulatory system remain the leading ones among diseases, characterized by a steady growth and rapidly increasing prevalence among the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze dynamics in incidence and prevalence of the diseases of the circulatory system among the Russian adult population in 2007-2019. Material and methods. The study used data of the statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of Russia: "Morbidity of the adult population of the Russian Federation" for 2007-2019. The study, which is a continuous statistical observation, used the method of direct ranking, calculation of indicators of time series. Results. Diseases of the circulatory system in 2019 ranked fourth in the incidence structure of the adult population (8%), while its prevalence ranked second to none (21%). Over 13 years, the incidence of diseases of the circulatory system in adults increased by 42% (2007-2019) while its prevalence increased by 24%. The highest levels of incidence of diseases of the circulatory system in 2019 are registered in the Krasnodar Territory (9,024.3 per 100 000 population, + 324%), the Kurgan Region (7,404.2, + 103%) and the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic (7 286.2, + 268%), and prevalence - in the Altai Territory (52 557.6, + 2%), the Chuvash Republic (51 814.6, + 38%) and the Voronezh Region (45 339.4, + 59%). The maximum rates of increase in morbidity with diseases of the circulatory system from 2007 to 2019 are registered in the South Federal district (incidence - by 119%, prevalence - by 56%), among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: incidence - in the Krasnodar Territory (by 324%), prevalence – the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic (by 136%). According to the state statistical reporting, on average, every 7th acute myocardial infarction is complicated by recurrent heart attack in Russia. Conclusions. Throughout the study period of 13 years, the leading nosological forms include: Hypertensive diseases (35%; 45%, respectively), Ischemic heart diseases (22%; 21,6%) and Cerebrovascular diseases (23%; 20%). Over half of the diseases of the circulatory system are registered in the older working ages (55-60 and over). Scope of application. The study results can be useful to regional authorities in public health in planning and implementing regional programs aimed at controlling diseases of the circulatory system.

The problem of incidence rate among workers of the main professions of the coal mining industry is traditionally considered from the perspective of occupational pathologies. At the same time, the issues of the spread of production-related somatic diseases among this category of the employable population are undeservedly left without due attention. The objective of the study was assessing the frequency of somatic pathology occurrence in workers of coal pits in the South of Kuzbass. 489 workers of the main professions of coal pits in the South of the Kemerovo region were examined (men aged 22 to 55 years, who were randomized into 2 groups according to the level of exposure to a complex of unfavorable factors of the production environment). The first group with a higher level of exposure to harmful and hazardous production factors of class 3.3 and 3.4 included 196 people: machinists of mining and technological equipment, machinists of drilling rigs, explosives; the second group with the level of danger and harmfulness of class 3.1 and 3.2 consisted of 293 workers, namely, drivers of technological motor vehicles. The study of the frequency of somatic pathology was carried out depending on the length of work experience and the age of the subjects. Each group was divided into subgroups: by the age and work experience. In group 1, somatic pathologies were detected in 52.0% of the cases, in group 2 - in 44.4% (χ2=2.772, p=0.096). In the structure of somatic diseases in the group with a higher class of danger and harmfulness, diseases of the circulatory system (38.24%), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (12.75%) and diseases of the nervous system (8.82%) prevailed; in the group with a lower hazard class there were also diseases of the circulatory system (33.85%), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (14.62%), diseases of the nervous system (12.31%). The frequency of somatic diseases is recorded in a direct linear relationship with the work experience and age of coal pit workers. Limitations. This study is limited to a sample of workers in the main professions of coal pits undergoing periodic medical examinations at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Conclusion. In the structure of somatic diseases of workers of the main professions of coal pits in the South of Kuzbass, three nosological forms occupy a leading position: diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and the nervous system. Among the surveyed workers employed in coal pits with a higher level of exposure to harmful and hazardous production factors, a 100% incidence of somatic diseases was revealed among the respondents aged more than 41 years and with work experience over 21 years. These data should be taken into account when carrying out periodic medical examinations, preventive medical examinations, for the development and implementation of therapeutic and prophylactic measures and post-shift rehabilitation programs. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the standards of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, established in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association "Ethical Principles for Conducting Human Scientific Medical Research" as amended in 2013 and the "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 of 19.06.2003. All subjects signed an informed consent to participate in the study.

Significance. The study analyzes dynamics in incidence of the most common socially significant pathology - diseases of the circulatory system in the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole with due regard to the territorial and economic prospects for the Far East development. The purpose of the study was to analyze incidence of diseases of the circulatory system and their individual types on the example of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as to compare short-term and long-term projections and actual data. Material and methods. The study has undertaken a comparative analysis of the dynamics in predictive and actual indicators of the overall incidence and incidence of diseases of the circularity system and individual nosological forms over five-year and ten-year periods until 2021. The period of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic has been separately analyzed. Results. In general, a more intensive increase in morbidity in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District has been identified in comparison with the projected increase. For 5 years prior to 2019, the increase in the overall incidence of diseases of the circulatory system in the Russian Federation turned out to be almost 4 times higher than projected, while incidence was more than 2 times higher than projected. During the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2017 to 2021), the growth dynamics slowed down significantly, 2-fold exceeding the projected overall incidence and more than 1.5-fold the projected incidence. Such trends may be a consequence of the effective ongoing preventive measures aimed at early detection of diseases. Against this background, there is a decrease in the growth rate of the incidence of diseases of the circulatory system in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District in the context of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. In the Far Eastern Federal District in 2017-2021, compared with the pre-pandemic period, there was a decrease in the overall incidence increase by 65.5% with the increase inversion in incidence. During the period including the pandemic, the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District registered a negative growth rate of the overall incidence and incidence of ischemic and cerebrovascular diseases. The noted decrease in the actual incidence rates of diseases of the circulatory system, which is not comparable with the projected trends, requires an analysis of causes of the change in the epidemiological situation under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion and scope of application. In general, we suppose that a decrease in the growth rate in incidence indicators in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection cannot have a long-term impact on epidemiological indicators of diseases of the circulatory system. However, it indicates the necessity to develop reserves of the healthcare system in order to prevent such situations in future.

<jats:p>INTRODUCTION Chronic non-contagious diseases: heart and blood vessel diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes, obstructive pulmonary disease, injuries and poisoning, mental health disorders and others, have dominated the world and our national pathology for decades. Arterial hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the present, which affects in more than 60% of people over the age of 60, and represents a risk factor for infarction, insult, chronic heart failure, renal insufficiency, progressive atherosclerosis and dementia, indicating the importance of hypertension frequency testing in the geriatric population in our country and in the world. OBJECTIVE is to point out the specificity, the high frequency and the risk of hypertension in the geriatric population in our country and in the world. METHODS We analyzed the data and literature in the field of geriatrics, internal medicine, neurology, public health, social medicine and health statistics in the part dealing with the protection of the health of the elderly in our country and in the world. The research was conducted through the analysis of previous scientific research obtained from the literature and the search of electronic databases in accordance with the areas defined in the aim of the work. Using the analytical observational method, all necessary data on this topic were collected, recorded and analyzed. A systematic review of the literature in the researched area was carried out, with the aim of reviewing the methodological characteristics of published studies in the mentioned area. Relevant papers based on this search were collected in full text. Data were extracted from such works, analyzed and presented in this paper. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of elderly mortality, and it is believed that by removing it in people over the age of 65, the life expectancy would be prolonged for 16 years. The results of some studies show that a third of patients over the age of 65 have isolated systolic hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for apoplexy. In developed countries, the geriatric population is on the rise and reaches more than 30% of the general population, and cardiovascular disease is one of the most common diseases and causes of mortality in this population. Studies have shown that the incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular events is doubled in patients over 65 years of life with hypertension. Only two groups of diseases, heart and blood vessels diseases and malignant tumors, account for over half of all causes of death. In the Republic of Serbia, in 2021 the population aged 65 and over accounted for 21.28% of the population, while the percentage representation of very old people, over 85 years of age, is constantly increasing. Observed since 2002, more than 100,000 people die annually in Serbia from all causes of death, and almost every second resident of Serbia dies from diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The burden of diseases of the circulatory system or diseases of the heart and blood vessels is on the rise globally, and in recent years in Serbia, on average, 55% of people who have died are victims of one of the diseases from this group. The most common diagnosis within the group of diseases of the cardiovascular system is essential arterial hypertension. The most common causes of death in 2021 belong to the following groups of diseases (according to ICD-10 - International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization): Diseases of the circulatory system 41.4%; Tumors 15.1%; Diseases of the respiratory system 5.3%; Diseases of glands with internal secretion, nutrition and metabolism 2.6%. Diseases of the heart, blood vessels and malignant tumors accounted for over half (55.7%) of all causes of death in 2021 in Serbia. As many as 41.4% of all deaths were the result of dying from diseases of the circulatory system, and every sixth person who died (15.1%) was a victim of a malignant tumor. Studies have shown that in patients over 65 years of age with hypertension, the frequency of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular events is twice as high. CONCLUSION Hypertension is very common in elderly and is a growing problem for them, their family and entire community, as it significantly affects the quality of their lives. The number of elderly in general population is increasing and a growing number of them is with hypertension. Successful prevention can significantly affect the reduction in the incidence of this disease in the population of elderly, which would certainly be one of the priority tasks in improving their health and quality of life.</jats:p>

This paper reports on the findings from the study of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) in Russian nuclear workers of the Mayak Production Association (22 377 individuals, 25.4% female) who were hired at the facility between 1948 and 1982 and followed up until the end of 2018. Using the AMFIT module of the EPICURE software, relative risks (RRs) and excess RRs per unit absorbed dose (ERR/Gy) for the entire Mayak cohort, the subcohort of workers who were residents of the dormitory town of Ozyorsk and the subcohort of migrants from Ozyorsk were calculated based on maximum likelihood. The mean cumulative liver absorbed gamma-ray dose from external exposure was 0.45 (0.65) Gy (mean (standard deviation)) for men and 0.37 (0.56) Gy for women. The mean cumulative liver absorbed alpha dose from internal exposure to incorporated plutonium was 0.18 (0.65) Gy for men and 0.40 (1.92) Gy for women. By the end of the follow-up, 6019 deaths with DCS as the main cause of death were registered among Mayak Production Association workers (including 3828 deaths in the subcohort of residents and 2191 deaths in the subcohort of migrants) over 890 132 (622 199/267 933) person-years of follow-up. The linear model that took into account non-radiation factors (sex, attained age, calendar period, smoking status and alcohol drinking status) and alpha radiation dose (via adjusting) did not demonstrate significant associations of mortality from DCS, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease with gamma-ray exposure dose in the entire cohort, the resident subcohort or the migrant subcohort (either in men or women). For the subcohort of residents, a significant association with gamma dose was observed for mortality from ischaemic stroke in men with ERR/Gy = 0.43 (95% CI 0.08; 0.99); there were no significant associations with liver absorbed gamma dose for any other considered outcomes. As for internal exposure, for men no significant associations of mortality from any DCS with liver absorbed alpha dose were observed, but for women positive associations were found for mortality from DCS (the entire cohort and the resident subcohort) and IHD (the entire cohort). No significant associations of mortality from various types of DCS with neutron dose were observed either in men or women, although neutron absorbed doses were recorded in only 18% of the workers.

In the Russian Federation, as in many European countries, for many years the system of circulatory diseases has been a significant threat to public health and the medical and demographic situation, which supports the increase in mortality from these causes in many regions. The purpose of the study is to study current trends in morbidity and mortality of the population in class “IX. Diseases of the circulatory system» in comparison with the planned target indicators of the regional program and identify priority areas for improving strategic health care planning at the regional level (Republic of Buryatia). Material and methods. The information base consisted of various scientific publications and regulatory documents on strategic management in the territory of the Republic of Buryatia and the Far Eastern Federal District. The analysis was also carried out using statistical data from the database of Rosstat and the Ministry of Health of Russia and on the basis of content analysis of draft strategies that were available on the official websites of government bodies, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, etc. The analysis methodology included the method of studying and generalizing experience, the mathematical-statistical method and content analysis. Results. Based on available statistical information, the publication analyzes current trends in morbidity and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in the Republic of Buryatia for 2017–2021. and compared with the target indicators of the regional program adopted within the framework of the federal project “Combating Cardiovascular Diseases”. Conclusions. The results of the analysis can be used in strategic planning for the development of territorial healthcare in the Russian Federation and in the development of strategies, concepts and programs for protecting public health.

Introduction One of the most common and serious problems in the practice of Occupational Health Services (OHS) are musculoskeletal diseases. The aim The aim of this study was to clarify the subjective impression of OHS for diseases generating the most frequent and long-term sick leaves from work and representing the most serious health problems for workers. Methods We implemented online based and direct survey of OHS from the official Register of the Ministry of Health (the total number of OHS there was 495), the questionnaire consists of 18 questions. We received 77 completed questionnaires, statistically analysed with SPSS 11.1. A special attention was paid on the questions x 12 A, 12 B and 15. The respondents could give more than one answer. Results It was found that the diseases generating the most frequent sick leave were the diseases from Class X(diseases of the respiratory system), followed by Class IX (diseases of the circulatory system) and Class XIII (diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue), n = 74 – IX-11 ( 14.86%), X-68 (91.89%), XIII-9 (12.16%). The diseases that generate long-term sick leave were leaded by the diseases Class II, IX, XIX XIII, n = 69, II-40 (57.97%), IX-36 (52.17%), XIII-15 (21.74%), XIX-20 (28.99%). The most serious health problems of workers related to their work (question x15), according to OHS are diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue – 32 (50.79%), diseases of the circulatory system – 28 (31.75%) and Nervous System – 20 (31.75%), n = 63. Conclusion The results confirm the importance of musculoskeletal disorders in occupational pathology and point to the use of all achievements of science to reduce them in cooperation of the whole healthcare system.

BACKGROUND: The reduction in morbidity and mortality rates from diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) is one of the greatest challenges in primary care, and the implementation of the Family Health Program provides access to the multisectoral and integrated measures required for dealing with these diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze DCS mortality and hospitalization rates before and after the implementation of the Family Health Program, in Londrina, Parana. METHODS: This was an ecological study, comparing DCS, cerebrovascular disease (CbVD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates and hospitalization rates by the SUS, in residents of Londrina, in two 4-year periods: 1997 to 2000, and 2002 to 2005. The data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and the Hospital Information System of the SUS. The ratios between the rates were calculated for both periods at 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The DCS was the first cause of death in the city, in both quadrennia. The CbVD and IHD accounted for more than 63% of DCS deaths. In comparing the two quadrennia, there was a reduction in CbVD mortality rates, which was significant only for subjects over 59 years, in both genders, and the hospitalization rates increased by 10%. For IHD, no significant change occurred in mortality rates, and there was a 40% increase in hospitalization rates. CONCLUSION: The significant reduction only in CbVD mortality in the elderly suggests the need for expanding health assistance coverage to different population groups and the development of preventive and health promotion measures.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the health status and mortality of population all over the world. The mortality rate in Moscow also increased significantly since the density of Moscow population is high and the city is very attractive for migrant workers. Objective. To determine the contribution of migrants died from the COVID-19 to the mortality in Moscow for 2019–2021. Materials and methods. In study, authors used the data on Moscow population and the real-time data on deceased persons by death causes according to the ICD-10 provided by the Moscow Healthcare Department. Results. The average contribution of migrants to the total mortality in Moscow is 10% among women and 16% among men. As for the age composition, the most significant contribution is from the migrant children and working-age youth aged 20 to 30 in women (an average of 50%) and 35 in men (an average of 60%). These results are especially true for migrant workers. Diseases of the circulatory system, external causes and neoplasms were the leading death causes among migrants before the pandemic. Then, the COVID-19 became the third common cause in 2020 and the first one in 2021. As for the death cause, the migrants contributed most to the perinatal and maternal mortality as well as to the mortality from infectious diseases, mental disorders and external causes. Conclusion. Cardiomyopathy and endocarditis, leading causes from the diseases of the circulatory system, often become the complications of infectious diseases, including imported infections. It is crucial to reimplement a rigorous record-keeping by citizenship and place of birth or residence, particularly within the databases on deceased population, in order to monitor the epidemiological situation and to make timely organizational decisions.

The aim. To analyze the morbidity data with a first-time diagnosis, to evaluate the results of medical examination of the older than working age population, depending on the place of residence in the Russian Federation for 2015-2019. Material and methods. To study morbidity with a first-time diagnosis, including those identified during medical examination, by classes of diseases in the population older than working age (women aged 55 and older, men – 60 years and older), depending on the place of residence, we analyzed data from Federal statistical observation forms №№ 12 and 1201 "Information on the number of diseases registered in patients residing in the service area of a medical organization" for 2015-2019. Evaluation of the results of the medical examination of urban and rural dwellers older than working age, was based on the information from the federal statistical observation forms №№ 30 and 30-village "Information about the medical organization" for the 5-year study period. The methods used: statistical, analytical. Results and discussion. The nationwide primary morbidity rate for the older than working age population, both for urban and rural dwellers for the period 2015-2019 practically did not change. The main causes for the primary morbidity of the population older than working age were respiratory diseases, trauma, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes, diseases of the circulatory system, genitourinary system, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, eyes and their accessory apparatus. When conducting a medical examination of the older than working age population, depending on their place of residence, first-time diagnosed were every fourth disease of the endocrine system, nutritional disorders and metabolic disorders (obesity, etc.), every sixth to seventh disease of the blood, hematopoietic organs and individual disorders involving the immune mechanism (anemia), every seventh (in the rural setting – the ninth) disease of the circulatory system (hypertensive heart disease, etc.). During the study period, with the split by health groups of the entire older than working age population who underwent medical examination, a decrease in the proportion of people who were assigned to groups I and II (by 2,8 and 5,7% respectively) was noted due to the increase in the proportion of people assigned to group III (by 10,3%), among urban dwellers – by 3,0, 6,1 and 10,7%, respectively, rural dwellers – by 2,2, 4,7 and 9,0% respectively. Conclusions. In the Russian Federation, for 5 years, there has been an increase in the proportion of older than working age people who have been assigned to health group III and need additional examination, require dispensary observation by a doctor-therapist and specialist doctors together with carrying out medical, preventive and rehabilitation measures.

Risk factors for severe outcomes among members of the United States military hospitalized with pneumonia and influenza, 2000–2012

Background Air pollution by fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is the main environmental risk factor associated with diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular diseases (CBVD). Objective To estimate mortality rates from DCS, IHD, and CBVD (2000-2019) among residents of the 164 neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro, according to PM2.5 levels. Methods This retrospective ecological study used georeferenced satellite data classified into three PM2.5 levels and mortality records from the Department of Information and Informatics of the Unified Health System for DCS, IHD, and CBVD among individuals of both sexes aged ≥ 20 years from 2000 to 2019. Age-adjusted mortality rates per 1,000 inhabitants were calculated, and comparative statistical analyses were performed by sex, PM2.5 level, and age group (5% significance). Results Approximately 91% of the 4.7 million residents (≥ 20 years) live in areas with high or extreme PM2.5 pollution. Deaths occurred up to 3.4 years earlier among men living in highly polluted areas compared with those in moderately polluted areas. The highest DCS mortality rates were observed in neighborhoods with high and extreme pollution (female = 3.9 ± 1.7; 95% CI = 3.5-4.2; male = 4.6 ± 2.1; 95% CI = 4.1-4.9), particularly in individuals aged ≥ 70 years. Significant associations were found between mortality rates and pollution levels for DCS (p = 0.019), IHD (p = 0.025), and CBVD (p = 0.002) in the 50-69-year age group when comparing moderately and extremely polluted areas. Intermediate/high social vulnerability was identified in 71% of neighborhoods, with an increasing socioenvironmental gradient linking higher vulnerability to higher PM2.5 concentrations (R = 0.354; p = 0.001). Conclusion Mean PM2.5 concentrations in the neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro exceeded the World Health Organization’s recommended standard by a factor of four. Mortality from DCS is significantly higher and occurs earlier in areas with high or extreme levels of pollution.

Background:administrative healthcare data are among main components of hospital information system. Such data can be analyzed and deployed for a variety of purposes. The principal aim of this research was to depict trends of administrative healthcare data from HIS in a general hospital from March 2011 to March 2014.Methods:data set used for this research was extracted from the SQL database of the hospital information system in Razi general hospital located in Marand. The data were saved as CSV (Comma Separated Values) in order to facilitate data cleaning and analysis. The variables of data set included patient’s age, gender, final diagnosis, final diagnosis code based on ICD-10 classification system, date of hospitalization, date of discharge, LOS(Length of Stay), ward, and survival status of the patient. Data were analyzed and visualized after applying appropriate cleansing and preparing techniques.Results:morbidity showed a constant trend over three years. Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium were the leading category of final diagnosis (about 32.8 %). The diseases of the circulatory system were the second class accounting for 13 percent of the hospitalization cases. The diseases of the digestive system had the third rank (10%). Patients aged between 14 and 44 constituted a higher proportion of total cases. Diseases of the circulatory system was the most common class of diseases among elderly patients (age≥65). The highest rate of mortality was observed among patients with final diagnosis of the circulatory system diseases followed by those with diseases of the respiratory system, and neoplasms. Mortality rate for the ICU and the CCU patients were 62% and 33% respectively. The longest average of LOS (7.3 days) was observed among patients hospitalized in the ICU while patients in the Obstetrics and Gynecology ward had the shortest average of LOS (2.4 days). Multiple regression analysis revealed that LOS was correlated with variables of surgery, gender, and type of payment, ward, the class of final diagnosis and age.Conclusion:this study presents trends in administrative health care data residing in hospital information system of a general public hospital. Patterns in morbidity, mortality and length of stay can inform decision making in health care management. Mining trends in administrative healthcare data can add value to the health care management.