Репродуктивна функція організму корів і кролематок за введення до раціону цитратів мікроелементів

Highly productive cows react to insufficient and poor-quality feeding, which causes a decrease in productivity. Therefore, rations should be balanced for all the main nutrients and biologically active substances using highly effective special additives. The deficiency of trace elements and vitamins can be eliminated by introducing them with feed or boluses injected into the rumen. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the feed additive of the prolonging action of Megabrik Prepavel and the feeding of zinc and copper trace elements in the form of Bioplex in the rations of cows during the increasing the milk yield period. The experimental part of the work on the study of feed additives of a new generation was carried out on cows of Black-and-White breed during the dry period and increasing the milk yield period on the basis of AO pedigree farm “Uchkhoz of the State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals” in the winter-stall period. The influence of the new generation of feed additives in the form of Bioplex and prolonging boluses on milk productivity and physiological state of highly productive cows has been studied. The enrichment of the body with vitamins and minerals during the dry period and increasing the milk yield period has increased the dairy productivity of cows. When receiving Megabrik Prepavel boluses for completed lactation, an average of 6476,2 kg of milk with a fat content of 3,78 % and protein of 3,19 % was obtained from cows of the experimental group. Enrichment of the body with minerals and vitamins during the dry period allowed to increase milk productivity by 7,7 % and improve the quality of milk in fat by 0,04 abs.% and protein by 0,10 abs.%. In the experiment with the use of Bioplex in the ration milk yields have increased by 13,7 %. Milk fat yield was significantly higher by 16,56 kg or 19,28 % (P < 0,01), and milk protein by 10,46 kg or 15,86 % (P < 0,01). Input of additives normalizes metabolic processes in cows.

Background and Aim. For farmers and dairy producers, producing safe and high-quality milk is a top priority. Despite the enormous number of animals, there are several causes for low milk yield, such as the prevalence of livestock-borne diseases, widespread livestock farming techniques, and a low realization of the genetic potential of animals. Mastitis is a common infectious condition in dairy production that is the primary source of antibiotic residues in milk and has a substantial financial impact. The study aimed to investigate the effects of an extruded polyfunctional feed supplement called «BioFeed-P» which contains bitter wormwood extract on the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of mastitic cow milk. Materials and Methods. The research material included samples of cow's milk and feed additives made of extruded components that were created by barothermal treatment of grain forage, specifically barley, and oats, with the addition of the extruded BioFeed-P additive and wormwood bitter extract. The additive was created and manufactured at the NCJSC «S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University» in the manufacturing and testing workshop of «NFT-KATU» LLP. Standard organoleptic and physicochemical techniques were used to study milk. Results. It was demonstrated that feed additives improved the physicochemical characteristics of milk. There was a 3.1% increase in protein content and a 10% increase in milk fat content. Following the application of extruded additives with phytogenics, a 68% reduction in the number of somatic cells in the milk of mastitis-affected cows was noted. Conclusion. When combined with bitter wormwood extract, the extruded BioFeed-P additive improves physicochemical parameters and dramatically lowers the number of somatic cells in milk from mastitis-affected cows.

The aim of research was to study the effect of different amounts of cobalt citrate produced by nanotechnology on biochemical processes in cows, their productivity and biological value of milk in the first two months of lactation. To achieve this goal the subsequent problems have been solved. We investigated the effect of different amounts of cobalt citrate on biochemical parameters of blood and milk of cows and controlled their average daily yield. The experiment has been conducted in 3 groups of cows (5 cows each) of Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle, analogue by body weight (590–620 kg), performance (6,5–6,8 thousand kg of milk per past lactation) and lactation (3–4 lactation). Unlike the control cows, animals experimental (ІІ) group for two months were fed by mineral supplements in the form of cobalt citrate in an amount of 19 mg Co/kg of dry matter of diet and research (ІІІ) – cobalt citrate in an amount of 34 mg Co/kg of dry matter of diet. Duration of cobalt citrate feeding of cows of research groups was 2 months. In all groups of cows the samples of venous blood were taken in preparation for feeding additives period and during 60 day of additives feeding period in order to determine the concentration of total protein, ceruloplasmin, sialic acids, hexoses bound to proteins and activity of amino transferases. The milk production has been controlled in days of sampling with the definition of daily milk yield per cow and taking an average sample for the determination of milk fat, protein, lactose, inorganic phosphorus and calcium. It has been established that the inclusion in the diet of cows of experimental (ІІ) group of mineral supplements contributed to an increase in animal blood total protein content by 11.9% (P < 0.05), inorganic phosphorus by 15.3% (P < 0.05) and hexoses bound protein by 8.8% (P < 0.05). Under these conditions milk content of inorganic phosphorus increased by 5.6% (P < 0.05) and average daily milk production increased by 4.5%. The use of mineral additives in third experimental group of animals within two months contributed to an increase in blood ceruloplasmin content by 5.1% (P < 0.05) and hexoses bound protein by 11.5% (P < 0.01). Mineral supplements promote 5.4% raise of average daily milk production and increase it to the lactose content by 0.10% (in absolute).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I‐4407 (Actisaf® Sc47) as a zootechnical feed additive (functional group: gut flora stabiliser) in cattle for fattening. The additive is already authorised for use in feed for dairy cows, calves for rearing, lambs for fattening, dairy goats, dairy sheep and dairy buffaloes. In a previous opinion, the EFSA Scientific Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP Panel) concluded that Actisaf® Sc47 was safe for cattle for fattening, the consumers and the environment. Additionally, the Panel considered that Actisaf® Sc47 is not a skin irritant, and no conclusions could be drawn on the additive's eye irritancy and dermal sensitisation potential. Due to the lack of adequate data, the Panel could not conclude on the efficacy of the additive in cattle for fattening at the proposed conditions of use. In the current application, the applicant submitted three trials to support the efficacy in cattle for fattening. However, two of them were not considered for the assessment. The other trial showed an improved zootechnical performance of the animals at the proposed use level of 4 × 109 CFU/kg complete feed. Considering the additive is authorised in dairy cows and calves for rearing and the requirements of the current Guidance on the assessment of the efficacy of feed additives, no further demonstration of efficacy is necessary to extrapolate the conclusions previously reached to all ruminants. The significant positive effect shown in one trial in cattle for fattening supports the above extrapolation. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel concludes that Actisaf® Sc47 is efficacious as a zootechnical additive for cattle for fattening at the proposed conditions of use.

Recently, an important element in improving the genetic traits of dairy cattle on commercial farms is the use of interbreeding (crossbreeding). The use of crossbreeding makes it possible to use a variety of additive genetic levels between breeds to grow individuals with higher economic potential. The aim of this study was to analyze the development of udder parameters in crossbred first-borns compared to purebred counterparts and to study the indicators of milk production during milking. The research was conducted on the first-born Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained by crossing with the Brown Swiss breed and on the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained by crossing Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed with Montbeliarde breed. Two groups of purebred and local first-borns were formed in both farms. Both farms use the same type of year-round feeding of cows with complete feed mixtures. The study was performed on first-born cows during weaning (2–3 months of lactation). It was found that local first-borns obtained by crossing red-spotted and Montbeliarde breeds outnumbered purebred red-spotted analogues in terms of measurements and udder indices. The opposite situation was observed in local first-borns obtained as result of crossing black-spotted and Brown Swiss breeds, which were inferior in these characteristics to purebred black-spotted analogues. In purebred black and red-spotted cows, the rates of single and daily milking were higher than in local ones. Also, purebred first-borns had a longer duration of single milking, indicators of average and maximum intensity of milk production and milk yield in the first 3 minutes. Prospects for further research are to study the productivity for completed lactation, the quality of milk and the duration of the service period.

Опыт проведен методом латинского квадрата на трех группах коз по три головы в каждой, находившихся к началу опыта на 2-м месяце лактации. Продолжительность каждого из периодов опыта составляла три недели. В исходном периоде козы получали основной рацион (ОР) с рекомендуемым уровнем доступного протеина (ДП) и обменной энергии. В опытных периодах к основному рациону добавляли соевый шрот в количестве 150 г, соответствующем 10%-му приросту доступного сырого протеина, а также 90 г ацетата натрия 3-х водного и 36 г пропионата натрия на голову в сутки, что соответствовало 3% от обменной энергии рациона. В конце каждого опытного периода брали пробы молока и крови из яремной и молочной вен перед утренним кормлением и через 3 и 7 ч после кормления. Плазмоток через вымя определяли расчетным путем по соотношению выхода α-аминоазота с белком молока и артериовенозной разности (АВР) концентрации аминоазота по молочной железе. Активность транспорта аминокислот в секреторные клетки ( Т , л/час), оценивалась в единицах клиренса по формуле: T=Q*E /(1- E ), , где Q - объёмная скорость кровотока (плазмотока) через молочную железу, мл/час и E - эффективность извлечения из крови; E =100*( c - c )/ c ; c и c - концентрация субстрата в плазме крови яремной и молочной вен соответственно. При скармливании добавок СШ, СШ+А и СШ+П молочная продуктивность повысилась соответственно на 8,2%, 14,7% (P<0.05), 13,3% (P<0.05) и выход белка с молоком соответственно на 9,5%, 18,9% (P<0.05), 16,1% (P<0.05) по сравнению с ОР. Добавка ацетата или пропионата к высокопротеиновому рациону снижала уровень мочевины в молоке (P<0.05), что свидетельствует о более эффективном использовании аминокислот на продуктивные цели. Включение в рацион протеиновой добавки увеличило плазмоток в молочной железе. Скармливание протеиновой добавки совместно с ацетатом или пропионатом натрия оказало дополнительное стимулирующее влияние на плазмоток. Активность транспорта аминокислот в секреторные клетки при включении в рацион кормовых добавок была выше, чем на основном рационе. Заключили, что выявленный продуктивный эффект был в существенной мере связан с положительными сдвигами в показателях органного кровотока и формировании субстратного баланса в молочной железе. The experiment was carried out using the Latin square method on three groups of goats, 3 goats each, which were at the beginning of experiment at the 2nd month of lactation. The duration of each periods of experience was three weeks. In the initial period, goats were fed the basic ration (BR) with the recommended level of available protein (DP) and metabolizable energy. In the experimental periods, soybean meal (SBM) was added to the basic ration at an amount of 150 g, corresponding to a 10% increase in available crude protein, and also 90 g of sodium acetate (SA) and 36 g of sodium propionate (SP) per goat per day, which corresponded to 3% of the diet metabolizable energy. At the end of each experimental period, samples of milk and blood were taken from the jugular and milk veins before the morning feeding and 3 and 7 hours after the feeding. Plasma volume flow through the udder was determined by calculating the ratio of the α-amino nitrogen output with milk and arteriovenous difference (ABD) concentration of amino nitrogen in the mammary gland. The activity of transport of amino acids to secretory cells ( T , l/h), was estimated in units of clearance ( T = Q * E /(1- E ), where Q is plasma flow rate, ml/min, and E is efficiency of extraction from the blood, E =100*( c - c )/ c ; c and c are substrate concentration in the blood plasma of the jugular and dairy veins, respectively. When feeding supplements SBM, SBM+SA and SBM+SP, milk productivity increased by 8.2%, 14.7% (P<0.05), 13.3% (P<0.05) and the yield of milk protein by 9, 5%, 18.9% (P<0.05), 16.1% (P<0.05) respectively compared to BR. The addition of acetate or propionate salts to a high-protein diet reduced the level of urea in milk (P<0.05), which indicates a more efficient use of amino acids for productive purposes. The inclusion of protein supplements in the diet increased plasma volume flow rate in the mammary gland. The feeding of protein supplements together with sodium acetate or sodium propionate had an additional stimulating effect on the plasma flow. When included of feed additives in the diet, the activity of amino acids transport to secretory cells was higher compared to BR. Concluded that the identified productive effect was significantly associated with positive changes in the indicators of organ blood flow and the formation of substrate balance in the mammary gland.

Research has been carried out. at the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after. L. K. Ernst.The purpose of the study was to increase the energy-protein value and use of nutrients in the diet in the nutrition of dairy cows by introducing into it an energy-protein concentrate and an extract of Dahurian larch bark (Larix dahurica Turez), ExtraKor, (EPC + EB, produced by Ametis JSC), which includes proanthocyanidins (condensable tannins) – 65 %, dihydroquercetin – 16 % and phenolic acids in terms of ή-hydroxybenzoic acid – 14 %. The research was carried out on the dairy farm of the collective farm named after. M. A. Guryanova, Zhukovsky district, Kaluga region, on two groups of kholmogor × black-and-white crossbred cows in free-stall conditions with the formation of production and technological groups according to calving dates in an amount of 20–25 heads with milking in the milking parlor on a milking machine that takes into account daily milk yield . In the control and production groups, analogs by age of 10 animals each were selected to study the state of metabolism and chemical composition of milk. The main diet for feeding cows consisted of traditional feed and was designed to produce 25 kg of milk per day. The cows of the experimental group were additionally included in the diet with 1 kg of EPC+EB, made from recycled products of the confectionery industry and microbiological synthesis protein with the inclusion of Dahurian larch bark extract (Larix dahurica Turez) in dosages per 1 kg of product 682, 300 and 12 respectively. 1 kg of concentrate contained 957 g of dry matter, protein 137,8 g, fat 51,7 g, fiber 19,8 g, BEV 602,4 g, incl. sugar 167,9 g, calcium 25,0 g, phosphorus 4,6 g, magnesium 0,55 g, metabolic energy 11,18 MJ/kg. The inclusion of EPC+EB in the diet of dairy cows during the transit period of the production cycle balanced the energy-protein nutritional value of the diet and had a positive effect on protein-nitrogen, lipid-carbohydrate, mineral metabolism, on the functional state of the liver and on morpho-hematological parameters, which generally reflected on the productive health of cows, which led to a higher realization of the bioresource potential of milk productivity in relation to the control ones. As a result, the cows of the experimental group have an average daily milk yield at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months. lactation was 20,7; 23,8 and 24,5 kg, which was 11,5; 24,6 % (p<0,01) and 20,0 % (p<0,05) higher than in controls, respectively. The fat content in milk in cows of the experimental group was 4,49 (p<0,02) and 3,83 % (p<0,01) versus 3,91 and 3,26 %, and protein 3,32 (p<0,001) and 2,95 % (p<0,001) versus 2,91 and 2,63 in cows of the control group, respectively, in the 1st and 2nd month of lactation.

During recent decades, milk production per cow has increased drastically due to improved management, nutrition, and genetic selection; however, the reproductive performance of high-producing dairy cows has been declining. One of the factors responsible for this low reproductive performance is negative energy balance (NEB). NEB affects the onset of first ovulation in early postpartum cows. It is generally accepted that early first ovulation positively relates to the resumption of normal ovarian function, first service, and conception rate in dairy cows. Hence, delayed first ovulation has a negative impact on subsequent fertility. The metabolic condition of cows in NEB shifts to catabolic metabolism, which in turn causes increased plasma growth hormone and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, and glucose concentrations. On the other hand, plasma β-carotene concentrations decrease throughout the dry period and reach their nadir in about the first week postpartum, and this change reflects energy balance during the peripartum period. β-Carotene plays a role independently of vitamin A in the reproductive performance of dairy cows, and the positive relationship between supplemental β-carotene and reproductive function has been demonstrated in many studies during the past decades. However, β-carotene content in corn silage, which is a popular main feed in high-producing dairy cows, is very low. This review describes nutritional factors related to ovulation during the first follicular wave postpartum in dairy cows.

In the agro-industrial complex, in the conditions of an increasing number of extremely high summer droughts, there is an objective need for structurally significant changes in the feed production feedstock conveyor by introducing non-traditional drought-resistant forage crops - Sudan grass, sorghum and sorghum-Sudan hybrids, as well as forage crops with a short growing season for an uninterrupted supply of livestock with feed. Under heat stress, it is important to use properly selected high-quality feed and special feed additives that reduce the production of metabolic heat in the body, as well as to adjust feeding regimes, monitor the level of the temperature-humidity index, the indicators of which will allow a timely assessment of the need for cooling of animals. The article presents overview information on the state of forage production and livestock farming in conditions of extremely high temperatures. The papers of Russian and foreign authors on various practical strategies for mitigating the effects of heat stress in the maintenance and feeding of cows, which may be useful to specialists in the field of dairy farming, were reviewed.

Aim. To study the feasibility of using feed additives containing powdered feed preparations with different lactulose content in the amount of 5 g/kg of extruded compound feed together with the main diet in terms of the effect on the quality indicators of raw materials and the natural resistance of the body of experimental rabbits. Materials and Methods. The effectiveness was evaluated after the control slaughter at the age of 150 days in the number of 5 heads from each group. The change in live weight was determined when the rabbits reached the age of 75, 105, 135 and 150 days by weighing on an electronic scale. The physiological state and resistance of rabbits were evaluated by hematological parameters. The obtained materials were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. The analysis of dynamics of changes of alive weight of animals showed that feed supplementation with lactulose had a positive impact on the growth of animals the live weight of rabbits in groups I and II were greater at 3.8 and 6.2% absolute increase in live weight during the period of experience increased by 5.3 and 7.9%, respectively, compared to control. At the same time, the effect of supplements on blood parameters should also be noted. In our studies, the rabbits of the experimental groups had an advantage over the rabbits of the control group in terms of the level of red blood cells by 0.94·1012 g/l (18.7%) and 1.12·1012 g/l; white blood cells - by 0.50·109 (7.2%) g/l and 0.59·109 g/l (8.5%), respectively. The level of hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits increased by the end of the experiment in the control group by 3.7%, in I – by 12.5%, in II – by 15.9%. Conclusion. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that the data on quantitative changes in blood were due to the influence of feed additives, which contributed to an increase in the natural resistance of rabbits, and the best indicators were achieved by rabbits of the II experimental group.

In the Republic of Tajikistan, linseeds, cotton seeds and rape seeds are used for producing vegetable oil. The authors highlight that until now the impact of cotton, linseed and rapeseed cake, which are seen as high-protein feed additives, on the dairy productivity, composition and properties of milk are not sufficiently investigated for the conditions of the country. The paper highlights the results of two scientific and economic experiments on investigation of the impact caused by cotton, linseed and rapeseed cake on the milk productivity, quality and physical and chemical parameters of milk of highproductive cows of the Black-and-WhiteTajik type breed. The researchers found out that application of various seed cakes when feeding cows in DIM increases the milk yield and improves the quality and physical and chemical parameters of milk. The authors observed experimental cows which received different types of seed cake and the milk their produced and found out that experimental cows exceeded 5.9-12.3 % according to the parameters of milk of natural fat; 4% milk - on 12.0-17.9 %. The cows from experimental groups produced 6.55-11.51 kg milk fat more. Feed costs in energetic feed unit pro 1 kg of 4-% -milk were 7.7-15.2% lower in the experimental groups of cows in comparison with the control group. According to organoleptic and sanitary-hygienic parameters, the milk produced by the cows from experimental groups was of higher quality and fulfilled the requirements of the state standard for purchased milk. Fat concentration increased on0.08-0.19%; total protein - on 0.07-0.15, dry skimmed milk residue - on 0.07-0.16 and dry matter - on 0.15-0.35%. According to the chemical composition, the milk produced by cows, which were fed with linseed cake was the best one. The content of milk sugar, ash, calcium and phosphorus was approximately the same in all the groups. The cost of 1 centner of milk in the experimental groups was 6.3-12.7% lower, and the profitability level of milk production was 9.8-16.3% higher in comparison with the control groups.

This study aims at investigating the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) supplementation on reproductive performance, haematological parameters and fertility of rabbits under Algerian conditions. The animals were divided into three groups and received the same feed ration during the experimental period. The control group received a basal diet without feed additives (Group#0) and the two yeast SC groups received 0.3 and 0.6 g/day per head (Group#1 and Group#2, respectively). Semen and blood samples were collected for determination of semen parameters and haematology. The weights of rabbits treated with SC 0.3 g/day were statistically significantly different (P< 0.05) from the control groups and group treated with SC 0.6 g/day. There were significant differences between the treatment groups for (RBCs), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values, with higher values in rabbits supplemented with SC 0.3 g/day and 0.6 g/day, compared to those in the control group. The scrotal diameter did not differ between the dietary treatments. When compared with the control group, feeding rabbits graded levels of SC resulted in an increase in the average semen volume, mass motility and individual motility at day 51 of the experiment. On the other hand, the sperm concentration was significantly lower (P< 0.05) in rabbits supplemented with SC 0.3 g/day and 0.6 g/day during the two months compared to that in the control group. The spermatozoa mortality rate was lower for the rabbits supplemented with SC 0.3 g/day and 0.6 g/day (15.7% and 11.4%, respectively), compared to that in the control group (24%). In conclusion, this study has shown that inclusion of SC 0.3 g/day and 0.6 g/day in the diets of rabbit has positive effects on body weight and sperm analysis. Moreover, it increases the level (RBCs), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH).

As African indigenous cattle evolved in a hot tropical climate, they have developed an inherent thermotolerance; survival mechanisms include a light-colored and shiny coat, increased sweating, and cellular and molecular mechanisms to cope with high environmental temperature. Here, we report the positive selection signature of genes in African cattle breeds which contribute for their heat tolerance mechanisms. We compared the genomes of five indigenous African cattle breeds with the genomes of four commercial cattle breeds using cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) statistical methods. We identified 296 (XP-EHH) and 327 (XP-CLR) positively selected genes. Gene ontology analysis resulted in 41 biological process terms and six Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Several genes and pathways were found to be involved in oxidative stress response, osmotic stress response, heat shock response, hair and skin properties, sweat gland development and sweating, feed intake and metabolism, and reproduction functions. The genes and pathways identified directly or indirectly contribute to the superior heat tolerance mechanisms in African cattle populations. The result will improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms of heat tolerance in African cattle breeds and opens an avenue for further study.

Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass in Children and Adolescents: Current Status

The article shows the life and scientific career of the famous physiologist, scientist, doctor of veterinary sciences, professor, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences Rostyslav Fedoruk. It describes the scientific, pedagogical, organizational and public activities of the professor. The results of fundamental research and applied developments obtained by R. Fedoruk during the performance of tasks that were part of the scientific programs of the NAAS and the Scientific and Methodological Center “Animal Physiology” are presented. The main results of the theoretical and applied research conducted under the leadership of R. Fedoruk regarding the influence of new effective feed additives and biologically active substances tested and implemented in production, in particular in cattle breeding, sheep breeding, rabbit breeding, poultry farming and beekeeping, and proposals and methods about their use are substantiated. Rostyslav Fedoruk is the author of more than 500 scientific works, including monographs, textbooks, reference books, etc. For a long time he was the deputy editor-in-chief and a member of the editorial boards of numerous scientific publications, a member of the Ukrainian Biochemical and Physiological Societies, the T. Shevchenko Scientific Society. Since 2015, he has been elected vice-president of the Ukrainian Physiological Society named after P. Kostyuk. The scientific activity of R. Fedoruk and his students is devoted to studying the processes of adaptation in animals to agroecological conditions of keeping, elucidating the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the influence of biologically active additives on the main and intermediate exchanges, the reproductive function and productivity of farm animals, and the assessment of the biological value of animal husbandry products. During the period of persistent creative and scientific-pedagogical activity, R. Fedoruk gained a strong authority as a scientist and enjoyed deep respect among his colleagues, influenced the formation of Ukrainian agricultural science and formed his scientific school of researchers.