АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ КРИТЕРІЇВ ТА ІНДИКАТОРІВ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ЄС В УМОВАХ ГЕОПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТІ

Treaty of Lisbon; Advancing European Union's Energy Security through External Energy Policy.

As the third largest carbon-emitting country in the world, the European Union has more responsibility to address the problem of preventing climate change. However, the climate management policies implemented by the European Union need to be more effective to achieve the long-term targets in the Paris Agreement. Responding to this, the European Union is planning a new policy, REPowerEU. REPowerEU is a follow-up effort from the European Union towards a clean energy transition and a form of Europe's anger towards Russia's geopolitical energy behaviour. In addition, the REPowerEU Plan is a tool the European Union uses to break away from energy dependence on Russia so that it can be more independent in determining foreign policy. This study aims to assess the impact of the implementation of the European Union's energy policy on Russian-European political stability. This study uses qualitative methods by collecting data through literature studies. This research is analyzed using the neoclassical realism paradigm based on energy geopolitics. It found that there are positive and negative impact in applying REPowerEU to decrease dependency of Russia’s energy supply to Europe.

How would the European Union fare without Russian energy?

This study explores the strategic development of private label (PL) brands in the Ukrainian retail sector through a case analysis of Eldorado, a leading electronics and appliance retailer, during the period 2016–2019. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology supported by internal company data, GfK market analytics, and in-depth interviews with procurement and category managers, the research investigates the operational, financial, and risk management dimensions of PL implementation in an emerging market context. The findings reveal that robust category prioritization, supplier diversification, and real-time analytics were critical in enhancing profitability, improving inventory turnover, and mitigating supply chain volatility. Despite significant external shocks, including currency fluctuations and import disruptions, Eldorado’s PL strategy contributed to resilience and competitive differentiation. The study identifies key challenges such as quality control, consumer skepticism, and cross-functional coordination, and proposes a set of actionable recommendations for retailers operating under similar macroeconomic conditions in Central and Eastern Europe. By positioning PL as both a margin enhancement and risk management tool, this case provides transferable insights into adaptive retail strategy during periods of crisis.

The peculiarities of the manifestation of the food crisis in Ukraine in times of war are investigated and the foreign experience and the experience of international organizations and political institutions in overcoming it are analyzed. The analysis is based on the concept of food security developed by the UN, which defines it as sustainable physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. It also uses the comprehensive approach with four pillars of food security: food availability, access, utilization, and stability. In the context of the study of food security in Ukraine, two areas for analysis are identified: a decrease in the availability of food for the population and a violation of nutritional stability; a decrease in the economic access of the population to food and essential goods. The article focuses on the issue of economic access to food for vulnerable groups of the population (including internally displaced persons and people living near the demarcation line, and in the occupied and liberated territories), compares the incomes of households of internally displaced persons in Ukraine at different moments since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of russia in February 2022, and presents the results of the assessment of the population's food needs in Ukraine. The prevalence of food insecurity and the ongoing fight against it at the international level have made it possible to develop clear mechanisms to overcome it. Based on numerous studies and taking into account the experience of countries where the food crisis was caused by natural disasters or the impact of climate factors and states whose territories became the arena of military conflicts, in the context of finding ways to overcome the food crisis, the author examines the comprehensive approach of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to achieving food security in crisis conditions, which combines two areas: Sustainable development of rural areas and stimulation of agriculture; development and implementation of targeted programs to provide direct access to food for vulnerable groups. The areas of the comprehensive approach of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations are defined as complementary and aimed at reinforcing each other's positive results. Moreover, the article analyzes the European Union's approach to rural development in the Common Agricultural Policy, which provides for the definition of two equally important directions: support and stimulation of the agricultural sector; strengthening the social, environmental, and economic sustainability of rural areas in the context of overcoming the risks inherent in this type of territory.

This chapter provides an overview of ocean data legislation in the context of EU maritime policy. Its analyses give an insight into the implementation of the regulations, directives, decisions, and recommendations that address the European Union's approach to the management of its ocean resources. Methods adopted by European legislators to foster collaboration and innovation and harness ocean data to inform policymakers and other stakeholders are discussed. It provides an overview of how the EU has adapted its legal framework to the changing landscape of data management in ocean research and resource management. This insight is given within the specific geographical context of the European Atlantic and Mediterranean regions, allowing readers to understand how these legal responses to the data revolution impact their seas. This chapter could be a valuable resource for those interested in the particular interplay between regulations, data, and the changing landscape of fisheries management in the European Union.

The 15th International Wildlife Law Conference organized by the Stetson University College of Law's Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, the University of Granada Faculty of Law, and the rese...

This final chapter draws conclusions on the scope and coherence of European Security Law. The European Union's approach to security is explicable by the fact that it has combined economic and foreign policy matters through the promotion of human rights and democracy as well as using sanctions to send messages to aggressors. A long-term approach to security requires attention not just to the absence of war but also to the positive aspects of developing peace and security through promoting human rights and democracy around the globe. This book has shown a number of ways that the organisation can overcome its current difficulties to develop a coherent security policy based on the rule of law.

After the restoration of the Baltic States' independence different scenarios could be envisaged regarding the future development of relations between the European Commission/ European Union (EC/EU) and those three countries i.e. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Initially, the EU and its Member States - with the exception of Germany and Denmark - responded reluctantly to proposals of association and potential membership. Accordingly, the many faces of the EU's conditionality approach became apparent from the very beginning. On the one hand, the suspension clauses included in the bilateral agreements provided the EU with the threat of a sanction in case of serious disturbances in one of the partner countries. On the other hand, the respective agreements also offered important incentives. The evolution in the EU's approach from a rather reluctant position after the restoration of independence towards full support of the Baltic States' membership ambitions can be attributed to a number of internal and external factors.Keywords: Baltic states; Estonia; European Union's approach; Latvia; Lithuania

Laure Delcour Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011, xii +182pp., £55.00 h/b In this book the author attempts to tackle the European Union's approach to the post-Soviet space from the perspective of Brussels at...

At the Essen Summit the promotion of equality of opportunity for men and women was identified alongside the fight against unemployment as the paramount tasks of the European Union and its member states. According equal priority to equal treatment and combating unemployment should in principle do much to raise awareness of equality issues in discussions of labour market policies and labour market analysis. Higher employment rates and reduced unemployment, the objectives reaffirmed by the Essen summit, are essential for progress to be made towards equal treatment. However, equality of priority also implies recognising the potential contradictions between specific policies which may be advocated in the name of reducing unemployment on the one hand, with the objective of increasing gender equality on the other. Our article is organised as follows: in the first section we discuss the analysis of the employment problems faced by the EU and develop the argument, why the White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment failed to identify the interaction between gender equality and employment. In the second section we discuss how a "gender perspective" could help to sharpen and inform the analysis, not only of the White paper, but of policy making as well. To illustrate our arguments, we concentrate on three aspects of future labour market and employment developments: the working time issue, job creation in service sector industries and the development of training and further training. In the third section we discuss the necessity of an integrated policy approach towards equal opportunity and employment policy.

The EU Merger Regulation: A One-Stop Shop or a Procedural Minefield?

The European Union's Approach to Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Integrating the Union's Energy Policy into its European Neighbourhood Policy: Added-Value or Emulating Its Deficiencies?

Chapter 4 analyses the Turkish responses to the EU narratives on the diversification of suppliers and routes. State and non-state actors are considered to be the Justice and Development Party (AKP), which has been the governing party since 2002, public authorities concerned with energy matters, opposition parties, think-tanks, representatives of the private sector and unions. This chapter begins with scrutinising the concept of energy security in various Turkish narratives and examines the Turkish actors’ positions on natural gas pipelines. Accordingly, it examines Turkish narratives on being an energy hub/energy terminal and discusses their positions regarding pipeline projects, such as the Trans Anatolian Pipeline and Turk Stream, and the developments in the Eastern Mediterranean. From a theoretical perspective, the chapter analyses the functioning of the primary institutions of security of supply, balance of power, great power management and modern sovereignty. Within this context, the AKP’s foreign policy and its linkage with the energy policy and Turkey’s relations with Russia are also scrutinised.