Моделювання використання системи акумулювання для перенесення надлишкової електричної енергії сонячної електростанції

The article discusses the experience of using an induction meter of electrical energy in power supply systems with a network solar power plant connected in parallel to the centralized network. Amendments to Federal Law No. 35-FZ “On the Electricity Industry” of December 27, 2019, which determine the relevance of the construction and operation of grid solar power plants in Russia, have been studied. The block diagram of an experimental solar power plant (SPP) is presented. An experimental network solar power plant has been developed and tested, which makes it possible to assess the possibility of using this type of power plant in rural areas of the central Chernozem region, in a private courtyard. The calculation of the characteristics and the selection of brands of the main components used in the installation of the station, including an induction meter of electric energy, were made. The authors analyzed the consumption of electrical energy from a centralized electrical network without using a solar power plant and during its operation according to the readings of an electric meter. On the basis of the analysis carried out, conclusions were drawn about the reduction of electricity consumption from the centralized network during the operation of a network solar power plant. The operating modes of the electricity meter generated by the solar power plant, the consumption of electricity from the centralized network and the load of the consumer of electrical energy are described mathematically. The relationship between the direction of the current flowing through the counter, the magnetic fluxes induced on the counter disk and the direction of rotation of the disk is described on the basis of mathematical relationships. The authors draw conclusions about the possibility of using induction meters of electrical energy in parallel operation of solar power plants with a centralized network as devices for offsetting consumed and supplied electricity to the network.

Solar power plants can be photovoltaic and concentrated thermal. Photovoltaic solar power plants are much more widespread and with much higher total installed power. The paper presents the good and bad effects on the environment of solar photovoltaic power plants. Good impacts are less air pollution due to reduced use of fossil fuels, reduced impact on global warming due to reduced carbon dioxide generation due to reducing the use of fossil fuels and less water used, due to avoiding its use in thermal power plants. The main negative impacts are the loss or change of habitat conditions for plants and animals, the use of hazardous materials (chemicals) in the production of photovoltaic panels and possible soil erosion. Other bad impacts are the creation of carbon dioxide during production, transportation, installation, maintenance, dismantling and recycling and the consumption of a large amount of electricity in the production of photovoltaic panels, which are offset by the subsequent use of solar photovoltaic power plants in the sense that electricity is produced without the creation of carbon dioxide. Additional bad impacts are at the place of electricity production of solar photovoltaic power plants in terms of possible changes in the local microclimate by increasing the temperature and changing the air flow.

This paper deals with the problem of determining the optimal capacity of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, especially in the context of hybrid solar power plants. This work presents an innovative analytical approach to optimizing the capacity of concentrated solar plants. The proposed method is based on the use of additional non-dimensional parameters, in particular, the design factor and the solar multiple factor. This paper presents a mathematical optimization model that focuses on the capacity of concentrated solar power plants where thermal storage plays a key role in the energy source. The analytical approach provides a more complete understanding of the design process for hybrid power plants. In addition, the use of additional factors and the combination of the proposed method with existing numerical methods allows for more refined optimization, which allows for the more accurate selection of the capacity for specific geographical conditions. Importantly, the proposed method significantly increases the speed of computation compared to that of traditional numerical methods. Finally, the authors present the results of the analysis of the proposed system of equations for calculating the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for hybrid solar power plants. The nonlinearity of the LCOE on the main calculation parameters is shown.

This paper studies the economics of carbon-neutral synthetic fuel production from renewable electricity in remote areas where high-quality renewable resources are abundant. To this end, a graph-based optimisation modelling framework directly applicable to the strategic planning of remote renewable energy supply chains is proposed. More precisely, a hypergraph abstraction of planning problems is introduced, wherein nodes can be viewed as optimisation subproblems with their own parameters, variables, constraints and local objective. Nodes typically represent a subsystem such as a technology, a plant or a process. Hyperedges, on the other hand, express the connectivity between subsystems. The framework is leveraged to study the economics of carbon-neutral synthetic methane production from solar and wind energy in North Africa and its delivery to Northwestern European markets. The full supply chain is modelled in an integrated fashion, which makes it possible to accurately capture the interaction between various technologies on an hourly time scale. Results suggest that the cost of synthetic methane production and delivery would be slightly under 150 €/MWh (higher heating value) by 2030 for a system supplying 10 TWh annually and relying on a combination of solar photovoltaic and wind power plants, assuming a uniform weighted average cost of capital of 7%. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is also carried out in order to assess the impact of various techno-economic parameters and assumptions on synthetic methane cost, including the availability of wind power plants, the investment costs of electrolysis, methanation and direct air capture plants, their operational flexibility, the energy consumption of direct air capture plants, and financing costs. The most expensive configuration (around 200 €/MWh) relies on solar photovoltaic power plants alone, while the cheapest configuration (around 88 €/MWh) makes use of a combination of solar PV and wind power plants and is obtained when financing costs are set to zero.

The construction and operation of large solar power plants (SPPs) and the dependence of their production on light and other meteorological factors leads to a strong dependence of the operation modes of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol power system on meteorological factors. Today, given that the share of solar power plants is about 30% of the total installed capacity, it is necessary to solve the problems that have a great impact on the power system operating modes. With large output capacity of the solar power plant, the operator has to give commands to turn off the generating equipment of thermal power plants. In power systems with a large share of solar generation, it is necessary to solve this problem by improving the generated power predicting methods, as it will reduce the dependence of operating modes on weather factors and increase the reliability of the power system. The paper discusses the use of hybrid predicting methods that imply taking into account the possibility of the weather scenarios simulation, advanced cloud-based image processing technology, and close-to-real-time cloud motion surveillance cameras. There was an experimental software created that selects coefficients of set configuration time series. In combination with the conservative methods, it makes predicting the SPP Perovo output more accurate. Taken together, the chosen methods of predicting solar power generation capacity in the power system of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol ensure not only stability of the power system as a whole, but also the maximum efficiency of power plants, allow to accelerate the integration of solar power plants into the power system, and have positive effects on the environment.

As the earth, together with all of its countries and people enlarge its envelope of power options to meet burgeoning energy requirements and progressively rigorous environmental worries, solar power is cropping up as an alluring option. In evolving countries like India where over the population of 300 million still do not have access to electricity; this source of electricity procreation becomes more extensive. Like any other power plant, a solar power plant in operation demands maintenance as well. Also, as the solar power plant gets old, operation and maintenance (O&M) becomes more and more vital for enhancing or keeping up the performance of the plant. This paper has conferred the present scenario of solar power in India. This paper has also enlisted the components of solar system. Various issues that arise in the operation of solar power plant are deliberated. Maintenance strategies in order to overthrow these concerns have also been explained.

Motivated by the future of clean energy sources and storage systems, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the ability to combine nuclear and solar photovoltaic generation systems as well as an energy storage system in order to meet the demand of an electric power system load. While nuclear power generation has been around for decades, renewable energy is becoming more popular as technologies begin to become more affordable. In addition, energy storage is still the most expensive component of this equation. A case study was conducted by using an example load pattern for various time periods in a year that is gathered from a North Carolina electric utility. A scalable nuclear power source (such as NuScale) was assumed to supply a constant and continuous power level. A range for solar farm size was selected, and the solar output was calculated by gathering the solar irradiance data from Oak Ridge National Laboratories. The energy storage system capacity for a select nuclear and solar farm size was later determined. These calculations were executed in a MATLAB environment. By comparing energy storage system capacities for a range of nuclear and solar farm sizes, one can determine that renewable resources alone, will not be able to provide enough flexibility to meet the demand of large-scale loads. Our calculations specifically showed that solar PV operation alone results in 9560 MWh energy storage capacity. However, an optimized solar PV and nuclear hybrid generation scheme reduced the energy capacity requirement significantly (by approximately a factor of 13). Utilities are using energy storage systems comprised of batteries like lithium-ion due to their ideal and decreasing price range. Optimizing the size of generation plants and reducing the battery capacity eases the economic impact of variable load demands.

As an essential part of renewable energy, the solar photovoltaic technic grows rapidly with two main types: off-grid and grid-connected systems. This paper focuses on grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plants and introduces the main physical principles of solar photovoltaics. Typical components of solar photovoltaic power plants are also presented, along with their functions. The extraordinary environmental impact and the relatively low and decreasing cost of grid-connected solar photovoltaics reflect its excellent development potential. Compared with other energy, grid-connected solar photovoltaics provides an alternative to conventional fossil fuel generation. With the improvement of silicon purification technology and the working efficiency of solar batteries, the scale of grid-connected solar photovoltaics power plants will be further expanded.

Extended Electric System Cascade Analysis (ESCA) for a Carbon Constraint Energy Generation System

In the recent times, the rooftop solar photovoltaic power plants have become quite popular. This paper presents relevant findings of the survey of solar power plants carried out in and around Amravati, a district place in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State in India. Seventeen different plants were visited time and time again over the year and data related to installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and monthly billing by the electricity distribution company is collected. Findings are presented in the form of systematic studies to clearly bring out a picture about power generated by rooftop solar power plants. The effect of dust and proper cleaning on the performance is examined. The detailed study on the payback period is made and important observations with regard to the capacity of plant, the incentives claimed and the actual consumption of user is included.

Unique Challenges in the Design and Operation Philosophy of Solar Thermal Power Plants

With the view to minimize the energy crisis due to the ever depleting non-renewable energy resources, this research aimed to apply nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of solar energy power plant – a renewable energy resource. According to literature Concentrated Solar Power Plant system requires heat transfer fluid (HTF) for proficient working. This research reports the synthesis of novel, efficient heat transfer fluid doped with nano sized particle including carbon nanotubes and metal oxide i-e copper oxide. This nano heat transfer fluid (NHTF) has very low melting point in comparison to conventionally prepared molten salt mixture for heat transfer purpose which typically have high melting point characteristically 140°C or higher. Most prominently this NHTF has enhanced thermo-physical properties including high thermal stability and high specific heat capacity. These properties ensures effective increase in thermal energy storage (TES) which is a key factor in solar thermal power plant and make it broad range operating heat transfer fluid.

Choosing sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants in developing countries like India is a crucial task while considering multiple conflicting factors and sub-factors simultaneously. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an optimisation method that provides a framework for handling such situations in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The complexity and uncertainty associated with the site selection model are dealt with professionally. The Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method is applied to determine the relative importance of the criteria, identifying airflow speed as the most influential factor, followed by humidity ratio, level of dust haze, availability of labour and resources, and ecological effects. This shows that airflow speed plays an important role in the power plant’s efficiency and performance. The Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Rešenje (VIKOR) method is then used to prioritise the alternatives as potential locations for setting up a solar PV power plant in India. A new de-i-fuzzification method based on the relative difference between two real numbers is also proposed. Sensitivity analyses and comparative studies are conducted to assess the robustness and effectiveness of the framework. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed framework is useful and effective for optimising site selection for solar power plants in India.

Due to the worldwide impact of industrialization, renewable sources of energy from solar play a huge role in supplying the domestic demand in Taiwan. This paper aims to impart an unbiased performance evaluation of different solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants around Taiwan. This study utilized data envelopment analysis (DEA) using the epsilon-based measure (EBM) model to compute the performance efficiency and ranking of the solar PV power plants. Additionally, the model is used for its advantage of combined radial and non-radial measures to achieve a more precise measure of efficiency. The results show that among nine selected solar PV plants, the top-performing DMU was I (8200051) from the southern part of Taiwan. Therefore, this study recommends that EBM can be a useful tool to evaluate the performance of solar PV power plants using multiple inputs and outputs. Additionally, this study will contribute to sustaining and developing the existing solar PV power capacity while achieving the installation of 20GW of solar energy as part of Taiwan’s goal. Even though the study has achieved the set goals, various restrictions remain present. Future studies could address micro and macro-level factors that influence the performance of solar PV power plants, which are not included in this study.

The paper presents the method for calculating the capacity of an autonomous solar power plant and its components. This method allows considering a load variation during the day as well as specifying the required capacity of the battery and excluding an unjustified overestimation of the power plant component capacities along with the increase in efficiency of the autonomous solar power plant. Formula for determining the required battery capacity of an autonomous solar power plant could be easily generalized for any number of changes in the load schedule steps. Virtual instruments (calculators) for calculating the capacity of an autonomous solar power plant and its components have been developed on the basis of this method in LabVIEW environment. These calculators may have a rather high visibility, ease of use and low memory requirements along with less computing time spent on calculations. The first calculator may allow recalculating capacities of loads on the power plant main supply bus as well as determining the energy consumption of loads per day. The second calculator may be used for determining the required capacity and number of batteries as well as the capacity of the charger, inverters, main supply bus and solar modules along with the solar power plant efficiency.