村上春樹文學中從「封閉世界」回歸到「現實世界」的嘗試─以《挪威的森林》、《國境之南，太陽之西》、《發條鳥年代記》為主─

Haruki Murakami's early works, including "Hear The Wind Sing" and "Norwegian Wood," depict main characters characterized by a sense of detachment from society, reflecting the prevailing sentiments among Japanese youth in the late 1960s and 1970s. However, a notable shift occurs in Murakami's writing after 1995, particularly evident in novels like "The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle," where the initial detachment transforms into a more engaged narrative. This research employs dialectical analysis, drawing from Murakami's aforementioned literary works and connecting them with his background, as revealed in the non-fiction piece "Underground," along with the social context of their creation. The objective is to explore the evolution of social commitment in Murakami's works, revealing a transition from detachment to attachment, and from themes of death and alienation to those of exploration and understanding. The newfound attachment serves a broader purpose: an understanding that transcends individual characters, fostering a connection among all human beings.

本論文以村上春樹文學中「貓」的意涵為中心作考察。本論文設定了四個課題，並分成四章進行考察。第一章為《尋羊冒險記》、《舞舞舞》中「貓」的意涵。第二章為《發條鳥年代記》中「「貓」」的意涵。第三章為《人造衛星情人》中「貓」的意涵。第四章為《海邊的卡夫卡》中的意涵。 本論文的第一個課題為分析各作品中的主角及登場人物對於「貓」的態度。其可分為以下兩點。第一，在《尋羊冒險記》、《舞舞舞》、《發條鳥年代記》中，主角藉由「貓」的死或失蹤，開始重視「貓」的存在意義。第二，在《人造衛星情人》、《海邊的卡夫卡》中，「貓」由始至終都是被重視的存在。但在故事在最後，卻失蹤或是被虐殺。 第二個課題則是針對「貓」的名字進行考察。根據本論文的考察，由人類的名字所命名的「貓」，代表著命名的人與擁有該名字的登場人物間之關係。另外，由魚的名字所命名的「貓」則是一個「再生的裝置」，為故事帶來新的開始。 第三個課題是考察村上春樹文學中「貓」的意涵。根據本論文的考察可分為①原本生活的象徵②自立③「惡」的象徵，同時也「善」的象徵④對異界的恐懼⑤通往異界的引導者，以上五大類。 第四個課題則是本論文中「貓」之意涵與村上春樹的關係。根據本論文的考察，「貓」在作品當中可視為一個「再生的裝置」。因此，村上春樹犧牲自己所愛的「貓」，賦予其這重要意義，為故事中的主角及登場人物帶來新的開始。

Objective To explore the effect of club health education on metabolic parameters and mental state in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and anxiety. Methods From January 1 to December 31, 2016, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and anxiety who were admitted to the Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine were divided into the intervention group (30 patients) and control group (30 patients). In the intervention group, a club health education model was used based on conventional diabetes treatment. The control group only received conventional diabetes treatment and routine education. After 12 weeks, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2-h PG) levels, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), body mass index (BMI), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) scores, and symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) scores were compared before and after the intervention. The main statistical methodology included the χ2 test, t-test for independent samples, paired t-test, and nonparametric test. Results FPG levels, 2-h PG levels, TC, TGs, and BMI in the intervention group after 12 weeks were (6.11±0.94) mmol/L, (7.75±1.96) mmol/L, (4.85±0.87) mmol/L, (1.45±0.26) mmol/L, and (27.13±3.38) kg/m2, respectively. These metabolic parameters before intervention were (7.42±1.18) mmol/L, (9.38±1.17) mmol/L, (5.58±1.48) mmol/L, (1.74±0.41) mmol/L, and (29.11±3.36) kg/m2, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (t= 5.110, 5.080, 2.807, 4.283, and 2.3387, respectively; P< 0.05). Indicators were lower than in the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (all P< 0.05). Regarding mental and psychological status, after 12 weeks in the intervention group, the HAMA scores (14.24±1.68) were lower than those before intervention (27.77±1.24), and the difference was statistically significant (t=36.062, P=0.000). The scores were lower than in the control group after intervention (26.48±1.21), and the difference was statistically significant (t=-31.152, P=0.000). After intervention, the SCL-90 scores in the six dimensions, including symptom total score, somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationships, depression, and anxiety and horror, decreased compared with those before intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After intervention, the differences between the intervention and control groups were statistically significant (P<0.05) in five dimensions, including symptom score, somatization, compulsion, depression, and anxiety and horror. Conclusion Based on the routine intervention for type 2 diabetes, a club health education model can significantly improve the metabolic index of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with anxiety. In addition, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, and other adverse mental states may be significantly alleviated. Key words: Diabetes mellitus; Anxiety; Health education

Lost and Found in Time:Canadian Time-slip Fantasies for Children Barbara Carman Garner (bio) "Fantasy, to my mind, is looking at a world that is slightly skewed, tilted away from us so that we can have a good look at it without getting confused with the complexities of our own world. The inhabitants of fantasy are. . .folks. Simple folks, who may seem very much at home with the large-order items of all people everywhere: truth, honesty, faith, heroism, charity, and Life with a capital L." —Carol Kendall 'Lost' in a complex and intricate network of new family relationships in their real world, and 'found' in the past, which conditions them to cope with the present, becomes the common experience of time travellers in the Canadian time-slip fantasies that have appeared in the past decade. As each time-traveller discovers his new world, he ponders, "Why me?", but in coming to terms with the magical events happening around him, and by analyzing and applying object lessons either seen or participated in in his 'other world,' he reaches a new self-awareness and understanding of that "Life with a capital L" of which Kendall speaks. Time-travellers are drawn into the "other world" because they are needed, if not to change history, at least to give strength to some person in the past so that he may accomplish his quest or mission. Authors utilize one of three patterns to enable their protagonist to affect the past: She is either 1) a new character who moves in and influences decisions made in the past; 2) the inhabitant of the body of a person in the past; or 3) an observer of past events who can bring lost knowledge back to the present, and/or carry messages to the past. Time-travel is purposeful and both past and present are affected in the magic of a co-existent then and now. The young protagonists encounter an "other world" in which reality is only slightly skewed, for it is the real world as it existed in the past. Their experiences are similar to those of fairy-tale heroes and heroines who journey away from home to be tested and found worthy either of the precious object at the end of the journey, or to be reinstated in their rightful place in society as a result of their quest. In this paper I shall consider three representative Canadian time-slips to illustrate each of the patterns and to show the possibilities this sub-genre of fantasy provides for characters to overcome identity crises. At the conclusion of each time-slip, the main character has discovered the true meaning of home and family, a sense of belonging and a more mature self. The protagonists, most of whom are on the threshold of adulthood when the novel commences, have grown spiritually as a result of their time-travel. Rose, in Janet Lunn's The Root Cellar (1981), conforms to the first pattern; Meg, in Cora Taylor's The Doll (1987), becomes Morag in the past, illustrating the second pattern; and Elizabeth, in Who is Frances Rain? (1987), sees scenes that take place in the "other world," but never really enters that world, thereby providing an example of the third pattern. It may be coincidental that Lunn's treatment of Rose's development in The Root Cellar is the most successful of the three, but partially that success is due to the freedom and flexibility which the first pattern allows the main character by making her a free and fairly independent agent in her "other world." The second and third patterns offer different kinds of involvement in the "other world," but the protagonists are hampered by their "restricted selves," the one through becoming another character, and the other by being a mere by-stander or observer of actions rather than an actual participant in the life of the past. Although the passing of time in the secondary world (usually no time passes in the real world while the character is in the "other world") as well as the logic that operates there maybe different from these features in the real world, the journeys themselves conform to...

This study investigated the types and functions of politeness strategy used by the main character of Tinker Bell in Secret of the Wings movie. The study was a descriptive qualitative approach. The instrument of this study was document analysis. It focused on analyzing and interpreting recorded documents. To analyze the data, four interactional procedures were applied. Triangulation was used to justify the trustworthiness of data. The findings showed that the interaction between the main character and her addressee realized all politeness strategies. There were 39 data found in the conversation. Each politeness strategy's frequency was positive politeness in the first grade, with 51.3%, followed by a bald-on record with 33.3%. Negative politeness and 'off record' were the same positions with 7.7 %, %. Second, the researchers reported two politeness strategy functions indicated by the transactional view with 74.4 % and interactional view with 25.6%. Last, the main character applied the politeness strategy to have a close relationship, know each other, and avoid the addressee's imposition. This politeness strategy had implications on using politeness strategies of a language in communication aspects for the community.

Objective To investigate of mental health level and coping style in emergency nurses. Methods Investigations were conducted in 78 emergency nurses who had been m the emergency department over one year from 4 general hospitals in Huizhou using general condition questionnaire, symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) and simple coping style questionnaire, the results underwent analysis. Results The subfactor score of SCL- 90 was significantly higher than that of Chinese norm. Emergency nurses adopted positive coping style more then conunon adillt group. The positive coping style of nurses was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90, somatization, interpersonal relationship, depression and anxiety factor of SCL-90. The negative coping style was positively correlated with the total score, sornatization, depression and anxiety factor of SCL-90.Conchusions Emergency nurses have poor mental health. We must adopt effective means to improve theirs mental health level. Key words: Emergency nurse; Symptom checklist 90; Simple coping style questionnaire

Objective To explore the influence of psychological nursing procedure for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods 80 patients with chronic obstructive pulmo-nary disease were randomly divided into psychological group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The patients only accepted routine therapy and nursing in the control group; the patients in the psychological group accepted routine therapy and nursing; at same time all kinds of data were collected and classified by psychological nursing procedure, found problems and causes; made nursing measures and special psychological nursing. The symptom check list (SCL-90) was used to evaluate all patients before and after nursing intervention. Results Before and after nursing intervention, there was significant difference in the fear, anxiety and depression between psychological group and control group; the score of interpersonal relationship factor after nursing intervention was significantly lower than that before nursing intervention (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in interpersonal relationship. There was significant difference in the hospitalization days between two groups. Conclusion The psychological nursing should run though the whole course of nursing. The nursing staffs should be enthusiasm, sincerity, love and earnestness to patients; relieve the suffering of patients and bring forward feasible health education method. The patients' cooperation plays an active role to promote patients recovery early. Key words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Psychological nursing procedure; Application

Abstract: The methodological work developed in the university institutions up to day doesn't show all the prospective effectiveness. To measure the impact of the methodological work in the university student's formation an investigation project was implemented as a part of the Science and Innovation of the Superior Education Program. This work is inserted in that purpose. To achieve a suitable influence on the student's development the communication between the professor and the students plays a main role. The impact of the methodological work in education can be affected if the relationship between professor and student is not based on reciprocal feelings of empathy and cordiality. This work shows how the students perceive the development of the communication skills of the teachers. Five high education institutions were included inside the study. Two instruments, among others, were applied in the research: Inventory of Communication Problems and Fill the Blanks. Results are showed and they make evident that students recognize the didactic abilities and the professors' deep knowledge on the subjects, but they are not satisfied with the warmth of the interpersonal relationships and the disposition for the personal exchange. Key Words: communication skills, university education, pedagogical communication.

Objective To evaluate the effects of personalized psychological video intervention on patients of mental nursing in ICU. Methods A total of 124 conscious patients in ICU were divided into control and experiment group equally from December 2013 to October 2014. Common mental nursing was used in the control group while personalized psychological video intervention was used in the experiment group. The effects were evaluated and compared by SCL-90, PSQI and satisfaction questionnaire after 2 days admission and after 7 days nursing interventions. Results After intervention in the experimental group, the somatization, obsessive system, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostile, terror, crankiness and psychosis of SCL-90 were (1.34±0.21), (1.62±0.36), (1.63±0.34), (1.56±0.22), (1.60±0.38), (1.43±0.51), (1.26±0.30), (1.50±0.48), (1.36±0.33) respectively (t=2.108, 2.934, 2.884, 2.335, 2.775, 2.696, 2.365, 2.005, 1.999; P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of each PSQI dimensions was decreased in two groups, and the scores of experimental group were lower than those in the control group (t=3.129, 2.635, 2.116, 2.568, 3.221, 3.227, 2.548, 2.494; P<0.05). Conclusions Personalized psychological video intervention can effectively reduce conscious patients negative emotions in ICU, and improve the sleep quality and the satisfaction. Key words: Intensive care unit; Psychological nursing; Negative emotions; Video

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related psychosocial factors of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs) among the ship crew. Methods Random overall sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire in 1064 crewmen. The prevalence rate of different FGIDs was surveyed by Roma Ⅲ criteria. At the same time, measurements were also made with Symptom Check List -90 (SCL- 90), Life Event Scale (LES) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) in 153 crewmen having physical examination.Results The prevalence rate of FGIDs in the crewmen were as follovs: functional dyspepsia was 21.5%,irritable bowel syndrome 6. 8%, functional abdominal distension 9. 7%, functional constipation 14. 4%,functional diarrhea 5.0%, functional abdominal pain 3. 5% ,and overlapping symptom 10. 0%. The scores of somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, negative event stimulation and total life events,objective and total support in the crewmen with FGIDs were significantly higher than those of the crewmen without FGIDs(P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions As were seen among the ship crew, FGIDs were common and frequently occurred disorders, which were affected considerably by the psychological factor, life event and social support. Key words: Crewmen; Functional gastrointestinal diseases; Prevalence rate; Psychosocial factors

Objective To investigate and analyze the mental health status of first hospital treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of effective nursing intervention in the future. Methods One hundred and fifty cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were first hospitalization were investigated and analyzed by SCL-90 symptom checklist, their psychological health status were analyzed compared with the national norm. Results Arong the first hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,the SCL-90 scale total score,somatization,depression,anxiety,psychopathy scores were significantly higher than that of the normal group（ P﹤0. 05 or 0 . 01 ）;interpersonal relationship and paranoid two factor were significantly lower than that of the normal group（ P﹤0 . 05 ）,and the factors of force and hostility had no significant difference compared with norm in our country（ P﹥0 . 05 ）. Conclusions The status of psychological health of the first hospitalized nasopharyngeal carcinoma is lower than that of the healthy people,they always had mental health problems, so we should actively carry out psychological intervention based on the treatment. Key words: First hospitalized; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Mental health

Arundhati Roy’s debut novel The God of Small Things breathes despair. The narrative jumps back and forth between the past and the present, mapping out the tragic downfall of the Ipe family, whose members suffer the fatal consequence of the forbidden love affair between Ammu and Velutha, a transgression of the Love Laws. The Love Laws, a term coined by Roy, refers to the implicit social discrimination and sexual regulation of the caste system in India. The enforcement of the caste system delimitates people’s everyday life, restrains their personal freedom and potential, and further punishes those who attempt to temper with it. Focusing on Estha’s and Rahel’s inability to work through the trauma inflicted by Ammu and Velutha’s transgression, Roy structures her novel in terms of the “return of the repressed,” with reiterated traumatic scenes, fragmented passages, and ungrammatical phrases, etc., serving as both catalysts to trigger traumatic memories of unresolved familial conflicts and indictment of the oppressive power of the Love Laws. Other than demonstrating the disciplinary force of the Love Laws, Roy also proffers a different view to explore the underside of love as love is not merely a pure affection but it also involves the lovers’ calculating move to flee from the suffocating life each is respectively leading. Chapter One of this thesis elaborates on Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s discussion on the subaltern agency to deal with Velutha’s and Ammu’s struggle to defy and escape the defiled social order and the psychic anxieties their subversive act of transgression has provoked in the dominant class. Even if their rebellion against the Love Laws fails to solicit the response from the dominant class, Roy, in dramatizing the terrific consequence of the society’s collective failure to listen to their mute demand for recognition, invites the reader to rethink the ethical possibilities of listening to the subaltern other, and to comprehend the urgency of such an ethical project. Chapter Two takes Cathy Caruth’s and Greg Forter’s perspectives on trauma as a point of departure to trace the characters’ traumatic experiences back to the two deep-rooted social evils, class antagonism and gender oppression, prevalent in the Indian society. The impossibility of redemption suggested in the young generation Estha’s and Rahel’s symptomatic responses to their previous generation’s trauma articulates Roy’s spirited critique of India’s social system, in which trauma unfortunately becomes a cultural legacy tormenting the Indian people from generation to generation. Chapter Three discusses the politics of love by juxtaposing Anthony Giddens’s assumption of the pure love relationship with Roy’s three tales of love. By doing so, I propose to contend that, whereas Giddens’s investigation of the human intimacy explains what intimacy should be, it fails to clarify why intimacy turns into hatred and how it becomes a justification for acts of violence. The three tales of love in Roy’s novel, by contrast, unveil the dark side of love and unmask its excess, proving that love is the “incalculable” something that goes beyond instincts and law. The excess of love which can transform the lovers either to be better or to be worse, displays itself as the true nature of the interpersonal relationships among people.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and the interventional effects of hysteria in left-behind children in Chongqing rural area for early detection, early treatment and prevention of the disease. Methods One hundred and three left-behind children aged from 7 to 17 years were diagnosed as hysteria from Jun.2008 to Jun.2011.Their general information, clinical presentations were analyzed retrospectively.After comprehensive intervention, they were assessed the clinical efficacy in accordance with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and some of them were tested by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Symptom Checklist(SCL-90). Results There were many clinical forms of hysteria in 103 left-behind children.Physical dysfunction accounted for 72 cases(69.90%), whose symptoms were mainly paralysis and convulsive seizure, which was significantly higher than mental disorder(5 cases, 4.9%). The mixed episode of physical dysfunction and mental disorder accounted for 26 cases(25.40%). Seventy-eight cases(75.73%) were cured, 19 cases(18.45%) improved significantly, and 6 cases(5.83%) improved respectively after intervention of 3 to 12 days.Emotional instability accounted for 12 cases(63.16%) in personality factors with EPQ test in 19 cases.Their factors of somatization, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, and hostility with SCL-90 significantly decreased(all P<0.05) after intervention of 7 to 12 days. Conclusions The main forms of hysteria in left-behind children in Chongqing rural area are physical dysfunction and mixed episode, which are paralysis and convulsive seizure.Emotional instability is common in personality factors for them.It can be achieved good results of hysteria in left-behind children to pay attention to the emotional exchange between the children and their parents, early detect, early treat and active prevent the disease. Key words: Hysteria; Clinical character; Intervention; Left-behind child

Stress is seen as modem society's illness by professionals from different sectors. It has effects on people's behaviors, communications and efficiency. Stress was described as a relationship between individuals and their environment that is appraised as dangerous and evaluated as beyond their ability to deal with stress (Lazarus, 1966). Selye defined stress as a physiological non-specific reaction to external or internal demands (Selye, 1976).Stewart et al. (1997) suggest that students with an active coping style have lower levels of psychological distress. As a result, it is important that individuals develop different (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Strategies are in order to manage stressful situations (Chew-Graham, Rogers & Yassin, 2003; Fish et al., 1996). In Malaysia, handful studies conducted related to stress and coping styles were focused on stress among nursing students, international school students, school athletes, university students, medical students and among prescience students (Emilia et al., 2007; Jani, 2005; Sherina, 2004; Tharbe, 2006; Uguaket al., 2006).In terms of stress management, Lazarus and Folkman, (1984) defined eight separate coping strategies that they believed individuals employed in stressful situations. Stress could be defined simply as the rate of wear and tear on the body systems caused by life (Stranks, 2005). It occur when a person has difficulty dealing with life situations, problems and goals (Videbeck, 2007). Stress has physical, emotional, and cognitive effects. Although everybody has the capacity to adapt to stress, not everyone responds to similar stressors exactly the same (Timby, 2008). Nursing involves activities and interpersonal relationships that are often stressful. Caring for clients who are experiencing high levels of anxiety can be stress provoking for nurses (White, 2000).Objectives of the study* The first objective aimed to elucidate the psychometric adequacy of the behavioural measures of (a) Perception of Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen et al., 1983), and (b) Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1999).* The second objective aimed to elucidate the relationship between the various subscale measures of the coping strategies and stress among nursing students.Hypotheses of the study* It was expected that the behavioural measures (as incorporated in the present study) would find their replicability in the project population,* The hypothesis with regards to the significant independent and interaction effects of 'gender1 (male and female), stress and various faces of coping strategies.This is exploratory analytical survey designed to collect information from nurses on the coping strategies used by them to maintain equilibrium from the stress.MethodParticipantsOne hundred eighty (180) nursing students belonging to the age group of 20 to 25 years served as subjects for the study. The sample was comprised of 180 nursing students in various hostels selected by a stratified random sampling.InstrumentsThe Hindi Adaptation of Perception of Stress Scale: (PSS; Cohen et al., 1983) by Singh and associates (2010), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1999) by Singh and associates, 2010, were employed for measurement purposes of the theoretical constructs. The CISS consists of 48 items measuring taskoriented, emotional-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping strategies with 16 items in each. The CISS has been successfully employed in a number of representative studies (Cosway et al., 2000; Slesnick et al., 2007).The PSS consists of 10 items. It has 10 items, and reported to show high reliability and validity of the theoretical construct.ProcedureThe Perception of Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen et al., 1983) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1999) were employed in hostels with two or three subj ects in each room. …

Objective To investigate the influence of psychological intervention in emotional disorder on blood pressure, lipids and glucose in hypertensive patients in community. Methods 599 hypertensive in community were divided to intervention group (n=302) and control group (n=297) by randomization. The control group received routine medication.Additionally the intervention group got another psychological intervention which lasted 6 months. An SCL-90 scale was adopted to evaluate patients' psychological change of mental health, blood sugar, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, systolic pressure and diastolic blood pressure before and after treatment. Results Somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostility and terror in intervention group((1.44±0.29), (1.78±0.39), (1.66±0.38), (1.63±0.48), (1.43±0.35), (1.37±0.52)and(1.28±0.41) respectively)had a lower score than control group((2.01±0.59), (2.04±0.68), (1.88±0.38), (1.84±0.59), (1.92±0.54), (1.61±0.53)and(1.60±0.50)). The differences were significant(P<0.01). After intervention, blood glucose, low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure were((4.65±0.811)mmol/L, (2.97±0.702)mmol/L, (4.86±0.884)mmol/L, (134.11±13.39)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) and (93.73±7.61)mm Hg respectively) and before intervention((5.09±0.710)mmol/L, (3.23±0.584)mmol/L, (5.36±1.138)mmol/L, (150.13±12.23)mm Hg and (89.64±8.35)mm Hg respectively). The differences were significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Cognitive behavioral therapy can improve community hypertension patients’ physiology and psychology, which is good for blood pressure, lipids, glucose control. Key words: Cognitive behavioral therapy; Hypertension; Physiology; Psychology