УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕТОДІВ І ЗАСОБІВ НАВЧАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ФАХІВЦІВ З ОБЛІКУ І ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ

The article is devoted to studying innovative technologies for teaching physical and mathematical disciplines in higher education institutions of Ukraine in the conditions of war. The study aims to consider and develop innovative approaches to teaching physical and mathematical disciplines in higher education institutions, taking into account martial law. The study’s relevance is due to the limitations in the educational process due to the war, which requires the use of not only distance technologies but also a comprehensive solution to the problem of providing quality education in Ukraine. It is essential when teaching physical and mathematical disciplines that can become the basis for the further development of the defense industry of Ukraine. For the purpose of the study, the methods of general scientific knowledge were used, which include the analysis of scientific literature, synthesis of information, and grouping of data, which eventually allowed to identify the problems of teaching physical and mathematical disciplines and to propose directions for their solution using the method of induction and deduction. The results of the study show that the main innovative approaches to teaching physical and mathematical disciplines are distance education, the organization of a single knowledge base, and the use of a problem-based method of teaching physical and mathematical disciplines. Today in Ukraine, there is no single platform that higher education institutions can use for effective student learning. Therefore educational institutions use existing international and domestic platforms to organize and ensure communication processes between teachers and students, a platform for assessing knowledge, and a platform for storing lectures and other teaching materials. It is recommended to improve the approach to teaching physical and mathematical disciplines, taking into account the relevance of military topics, which would allow to educate the population, to form qualified labor resources in various sectors of the economy that would contribute to the development of the defense sector. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of its use in improving the methods of teaching physical and mathematicaldisciplines by higher education institutions during the war and in the period of post-war reconstruction.

The relevance of the article is driven by the necessity to implement learner-centered teaching of psychological and pedagogical disciplines in higher education institutions. This need becomes particularly significant within the context of Ukraine’s integration into the European Higher Education Area, the dynamic transformations of the pedagogical paradigm, the expansion of adult education, and the increasing demands for the professional training of modern specialists. Aim: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the state of scholarly research on learner-centered teaching of psychological and pedagogical disciplines in higher education institutions, with the purpose of identifying key trends, contradictions, and outlining prospects for further development and practical implementation. Methods: Information retrieval methods for analyzing scientific electronic databases and selecting relevant sources; scientometric and bibliographic methods aimed at quantitative analysis of publications and citation metrics; semantic-network analysis of the structure and interrelations of key concepts; comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific literature; statistical and graphical analysis of research dynamics. Results: The analysis of domestic scientific sources revealed a predominance of theoretical studies focused on organizational models and the training of future teachers, while empirical research–especially in non-pedagogical higher education institutions—remains insufficiently explored. Bibliometric and semantic-network analyses of international databases (Web of Science, Google Scholar) facilitated tracing and graphically illustrating the evolution of key concepts within the research domain, the emergence and development of new research clusters in the scientific information space. These findings indicate dynamic development of the field, particularly in response to the widespread transition to distance and blended learning formats. The paper substantiates the urgency of further enhancing the system of teaching psychological and pedagogical disciplines by introducing innovative learner-centered models, technologies, and pedagogical methods, alongside systematic preparation of educators to operate within student-centered education frameworks. Conclusions: The comprehensive analysis enables clear tracking of the development of learner-centered teaching of psychological and pedagogical disciplines within the national and international scientific communities, revealing major trends, clusters, and research gaps. This analysis supports the identification of promising research directions and improvements in educational program quality through content transformation. It is confirmed that learner-centered teaching is gaining a leading role in the theory and practice of professional education, linked to the adoption of cognitive strategies and productive learning in training specialists across various economic sectors via distance and blended learning modalities aimed at enhancing education quality. The observed evolution of key concepts and the formation and growth of new clusters in the information space signify the dynamic advancement of this research area.

The article highlights the theoretical and practical principles of organizing online training as a modern form of teaching computer science disciplines in higher education institutions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the technology of conducting online training, which includes determining its key attributes (interactivity, practical orientation, modularity, flexibility, feedback, technological support), structure (preparatory, main, final stages), as well as means of supporting effective interaction with students. The feasibility of reviewing traditional approaches to teaching computer science disciplines in the context of the digitalization of the educational process and its transition to a distance format is emphasized. The potential of online training as an active learning method that contributes to the formation of professional, digital, communicative and reflective competencies of students is revealed. The article presents the author's methodological map for conducting the online training “Multimedia equipment in education: opportunities and effective use”, which utilizes modern digital tools (LinoIt, Padlet, Mentimeter, Zoom, Google Slides, and Google Sheets) and methods of the group and interactive engagement. Higher education students had the opportunity to practically test multimedia solutions in the educational environment, which increased their level of readiness for professional activity. The article substantiates the feasibility of implementing online training as an effective tool for training future specialists in the field of information technology. The prospects for further research include the development and testing of an online training system in information technology disciplines, adapted to the conditions of blended and distance learning, and organized according to the above methodological recommendations.

Today, significant changes are taking place that affect all aspects of human life, including security, within the lifetime of one generation. Based on the analysis of the monitoring of scientific and practical discourse, the main prerequisites for the introduction of innovations in teaching security disciplines in higher education institutions are highlighted, which is now an important component of the readiness of a future specialist for professional activity. The use of innovations for the formation of security competence includes cooperation with specialists from various services, meetings with people who have been injured (occupational diseases), showing various video materials from the scene of events, etc.The modern technological environment in which people live is marked by an ever-increasing number of threats to their safety. Accordingly, pedagogical institutions of higher education should address the problem of forming in students such qualities that will make it impossible to prevent the occurrence of dangerous situations, and in case of their occurrence ‒ to minimize the negative impact on others, especially in emergency situations. The combination of these attributes determines the culture of safe human activity.The future specialist must acquire the knowledge necessary to perform their professional duties, as well as become a communicator and a link that contributes to security within the enterprise or organization, regardless of their field of activity.Traditionally, the primary elements that contribute to the state of safety for human life and activity include: a constant increase in the number and scale of hazards of natural origin caused by environmental pollution, which disrupts the ecological balance; an increase in the number of hazards of technogenic origin that arise in production facilities when a person interacts with complex technical equipment; socio-political reasons characterized by an increase in tension in society. Thus, the relevance and importance of studying the educational component “Occupational Safety and Health in Industry” in higher education institutions can hardly be overestimated.

Background. Improving the effectiveness of training of future highly qualified personnel requires the improvement of existing and search for new forms and methods for organizing the educational process. Such approach requires the use of complexes of technical and didactic means that ensure the interconnection between classroom and non-classroom forms of the educational process. Objective. To analyze the existing conditions for the implementation of information and educational environment. Methods. Analysis of theoretical sources on the problem of the use of the information and educational environment in higher medical education, studying and generalization of leading experience in teaching student courses using information and communication technologies. The analysis of the results of the efficiency of implementation of the educational and informational environment has been carried out on the departments of phthisiology and pulmonology, histology, cytology and embryology, medical physics, biophysics and higher mathematics and analytical chemistry. Results. The article presents certain results of the work of lecturers concerning the development and use of the informational and educational environment in the context of continuing learning of present-day information-oriented society. Creating information and educational environment that supplies interaction between lecturers and students in classroom through interactive forms of communication on the basis of edХ platform promotes the optimization of the learning process. The basic principles of providing innovative approaches, methods, technologies of the uniform informational and educational environment of higher education medical institutions are substantiated. The necessity of disclosing the experience of higher education institutions regarding the creation of the informational and educational environment as part of the optimization of the student's educational process is emphasized. The experience of using new learning form confirmed the simplicity and interactivity of interaction of the student and the lecturer, gives the wide opportunities for learning process arrangement, enables the student to model learning process individually, as well as new forms of learning process supervision. Conclusion. In our opinion, online courses based on edX platform facilitate the optimization of the learning process in higher education institutions. The prospect of further work is the continuation of the development and implementation of the online course for students on edX platform in the learning process.

Application of Case-technology for Development of Critical Thinking Ability of Students

The relevance of the work. The main threats and challenges facing higher education during the war period, namely, a threat to life and health of participants in the educational process; destruction and damage to the infrastructure of higher education institutions; forced relocation of institutions; the impact of war on the contingent of applicants for higher education and the composition of scientific and pedagogical workers; ensuring equal access to higher education; and other conditions, including limited funding − directly or indirectly affect the state of the entire higher education system. The article examines the process of ensuring the sustainability of the domestic higher education system through the transformation of its components; the decisions made by state governing bodies and higher education institutions and the measures implemented to ensure the viability of the industry in the conditions of martial law and reconstruction in the post-war period are assessed. Purpose. To study the impact of the russian aggression on the sphere of higher education, to analyze the adopted management decisions and the implemented measures, to evaluate their effectiveness in ensuring the functioning of the System in the conditions of war and reconstruction in the post-war period. To inform the educational environment about its modernization in the conditions of martial law. Scientific novelty. From the standpoint of ensuring the sustainability of the system in wartime, management decisions are comprehensively studied and measures are implemented to improve industry management, ensure access to higher education, optimize the university network, and modernize the organization of the educational process. The progress in the process of integrating higher education in Ukraine into the European Higher Education Area is assessed. The practical significance of the work consists in: establishing and assessing the focus and state of implementation of amendments and additions made to the Law during its validity; assessment from the standpoint of ensuring the sustainability of the industry in the conditions of war and the integration of Ukrainian higher education into the European educational space, new legislative and regulatory acts, implemented and planned measures aimed at implementing reforms in the field of higher education; constant information support for the process of implementing the provisions of the Law, the development of the System in the context of modern challenges. Results of the research. The study, analysis and comparison of the adopted management decisions and the consequences of their implementation indicate that the measures taken by government bodies and higher education institutions to overcome the negative impact of the war on the industry ensure its sustainability and efficiency in difficult wartime conditions: the network of higher education institutions is streamlined, the necessary contingents of applicants for higher education are successfully formed and supported, the structure of specialist training, organization and content of the educational process are modernized.

Theoretical analysis of the problem showed that one of the priorities of the strategic development of Ukraine is the integration of our state into the European Community. According to the perspective Development Program, which is designed for ten years, Ukraine must harmonize and bring its socio-economic institutions closer to the standards of the EU countries and make them meet European requirements. The priorities of European education are to provide the young generation with professional knowledge and practical skills to adapt to life and study in different European countries, to be mobile, socially capable, capable of communication and protection of their rights. Forms and methods of introducing knowledge in higher education at the present stage are of particular importance. It is today that the progress of society determines a new attitude to methods, means and forms of education. Currently, information and communication technologies, new interactive forms of education play a leading role. The article analyzes the requirements for teaching methods for undergraduate students of higher education. The most successful and modern methods of education and development are identified. The article emphasizes that at the current stage of updating the content of higher education, the most demanded skills that should be formed and developed in students are soft skills. In accordance with the characteristics of modern students, the updated arsenal of teaching and development methods will be represented by innovative teaching and development methods, in particular interactive and active ones. The conclusions drawn emphasize the use of precisely those teaching methods that will promote active thinking of students and support their motivation to study. The purpose of the study is to characterize the main methods of teaching and development in higher education institutions regarding the formation of professional, specialized skills and abilities and the development of soft skills in bachelors of physical education and sports. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the presentation of the strengths of soft skills in combination with teaching and development methods in higher education.

The peculiarities of formation of spatial thinking in students of engineering and pedagogical specialties in the course of study of the graphic cycle disciplines have been substantiated. The definitions of “spatial thinking” and “spatial imagination” are clarified. The legitimacy of spatial thinking as an independent mental process, which is associated with the analysis of spatial features and the relationship between elements of real objects (or their graphic images) and application of these features in resolution of design problems by students of engineering specialties of higher education is mentioned. The content and basic operational units of spatial thinking in undergraduates during their study of graphic disciplines have been described. The dependence of the level of development of spatial thinking of students on the type of spatial images operating in Descriptive Geometry, drawing, engineering and computer graphics lessons has been specified. There has been offered the typology of students of engineering and pedagogical specialties of pedagogical high school, depending on their level of spatial thinking development and ability to explicit spatial transformations. The initial level of spatial thinking development of the students of the first year of study before the study of the cycle of graphic disciplines in higher education institutions has been also analyzed. The prospects of resolution of the issue of increasing the level of spatial thinking in undergraduates as an indicator of their intellectual development have been outlined in the study.

The article deals with the actual theoretical and methodical problem of improving the professional training quality of pedagogical disciplines by future teacher in the conditions of the master’s studies. The attention is focused on the creation and implementation in the educational process of the of higher education institution the organizational and pedagogical conditions that ensure the formation of teacher’s readiness for professional activity. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of future teacher preparation on the basis of an andragogical model. The model is based on the organization of the future teachers’ independent work through the use of different theories and innovative technologies. Structural and functional model includes such elements as: aim, motivation, educational process organization, ways to activate students’ independent activity and its result as the readiness of higher education students to teach pedagogical disciplines in higher education institutions. The investigated work allows us to argue that the organization of the educational process on the basis of personal, contextual, theoretical, methodological and activity approaches with the use of undergraduate educational projects in the independent work provided the experimental methodology with sufficient efficiency.

The paper summarizes the experience in higher education institutions financing, substantiates the trends in their financial support models diversification. The study systematizes approaches to the organization of higher education institutions financing under market conditions and reveals their advantages and disadvantages in terms of the effects at the level of an individual and society as a whole. It defines tools and models of the financing under orientation on demand, supply and strategic purposes of the national development. The study proves the need to substantiate the rational balance of individual and social effects in higher education institutions financing, which can be achieved through a combination of market self-regulation and state regulation of the higher education services market. The system of methods was used in the study, namely: monographic – to define the research aim and conclusions, the method of theoretical generalization of foreign and domestic scientists was used to critically analyze the existing approaches to the organization of financing the work of agricultural education higher institutions. General scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systemic integrated approach, were used to systematize the models of financial support for higher agricultural education institutions and to generalize the conclusions. The paper substantiated that the state should take leading positions in higher education institutions financing. The role of state funding in ensuring sustainable development of agricultural education higher institutions has been identified considering the specificity of educational services and their role in ensuring sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy and rural areas. It is argued that the current conditions of free economic development and challenges the institutions face requires focusing on consumer demand and adjusting their educational services through prompt updating the changing educational programs based on modern research, attracting a larger number of stakeholders in the financing model formation. The modern tendencies typical of the market of educational services determining the expansion of the participants of the organization of financing the higher education institutions activity, are considered. The importance of financing elements focused on the innovations development, the role of which will grow in the future, especially in the form of competitive and targeted financing is revealed. It is proved that the results-based approach to the organization of financing also reduces the risks of macroeconomic inefficiency and contributes to reducing the information asymmetry. The obligatory presence of the state in the organization of research funding in higher education institutions is justified due to the positive impact of research on educational services quality and increases their value for an individual and society. The paper considers options for market-oriented higher education financing and the state's demands in terms of the concept of management, public and private funding methods, the education fee. It is established that the changing conditions of the market of educational services require a revision of targets for state funding due to the following factors: increased number of foreign students, use of information and communication technologies, increase in the integration of higher education institutions nationally and internationally. Key words: higher education institution, higher agricultural education, concepts of higher education institution management, methods of free economic education financing, sources of higher education institutions financing.

The article focuses on the training of physical education specialists and the improvement of their managerial career development. It is emphasized on the dynamic adjustment of the content of academic disciplines in higher education institutions to create personalized study programmes that meet the requirements for the acquisition of professional competence, including managerial competence; practical training that helps to strengthen the mechanisms of cooperation between schools and sports organizations; building a practical platform that facilitates the effective transition of students from theory to practice; improving managerial competence and specialized skills with a focus on integrated training of students. Based on the current context of sports development in China, the article focuses on the study of mechanisms of cooperation between schools and sports organizations. The state of training of sports specialists in China is revealed and the problems in higher education are outlined. The main problems are the imbalance of supply and demand for physical education specialists, insufficient practical training and lack of proper activity-based assessment of future teachers. It is noted that the creation of a more comprehensive system of training in higher education can provide effective theoretical training of students and develop their practical skills, which contributes to the efficiency of education and effective sustainable development of the sports industry. The author proposes ways out of this situation, focusing on restructuring the curriculum, practical optimization of the educational process and improvement of the assessment system, and describes the structure of updating the educational process aimed at integrating innovations, practical skills and organizational capabilities of student training.

At the moment, the creation of methodological support for academic disciplines is an urgent problem of organizing the educational process in higher education institutions. As you know, the methodological support for the study of an academic discipline consists of four independent methodological documents: the program of the academic discipline, the working program of the academic discipline, the syllabus and the electronic educational and methodological complex of the discipline. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of these documents to determine their role in the organization of the educational process. The program of the academic discipline is the main normative document that determines the place and significance of the discipline in the implementation of the educational and professional training of the student, its content, the amount of knowledge, skills and abilities determined by the relevant competencies, as well as the sequence and organizational forms of studying the academic discipline. It is developed by one of the highly educated teachers of the department, discussed at a meeting of the department and approved by it, after which it becomes a working methodological document of the department. Based on a comparative analysis of the structure and content of the program, work program, syllabus and educational-methodological complex of the discipline, which are the main components of educational and methodological support for the study of the discipline, it has been established that all components of the work program in one form or another are repeated in the syllabus and educational-methodological complex discipline. At the same time, in contrast to the work program of the discipline, in the last two methodological components, these components have a large semantic content that is necessary in the educational work of students. In addition, the information contained in the syllabus and the educational-methodical complex of the discipline, the student can use at any time, since these documents are contained in electronic form on the websites of libraries of higher educational institutions and departments, which own the discipline, and the work program of the discipline is stored in paper form at the department and students' access to it is limited. The conducted comparative analysis leads to the conclusion that the work program of the academic discipline is not a necessary link in the methodological support of the discipline study.

The article discusses the development of information technology, in particular the use of distance learning in higher education institutions. The features of the use of distance education with the disclosure of the objective and subjective aspects of participation are analyzed. The features of distance learning of technical disciplines in higher education institutions are determined. The advantages of distance learning are determined.

Knowledge management (KM) is a popular concept among many disciplines in higher education institutions and has gained popularity since its discovery (Kimile & Bulitia, 2020).The management of knowledge provides the basis for others to get something to learn from and possibly develop and add new insights to it or build upon available knowledge.This is done to ensure the appropriate storing and easy access to the knowledge base in order to maximize efficiency and increase productivity while putting in efforts to retain every information or knowledge in the organization (Bhusry et al., 2012).Higher education institutions (HEIs) create and apply knowledge during their processes and activities.A competitive edge over others depends largely on the quality of KM that organizations are able to apply to their operations.KM plays an important role in the improvement of organizational competitive advantage through sharing of best practices, achieving better decision making, faster response to key institutional issues and improved people skills.To ensure continuity and effective management of an organization, strategies or actions should be taken towards knowledge creation and knowledge retention.A successful knowledge management strategy can be implemented and achieved if organizations or institutions understand the roles and functions of knowledge.The proper implementation ensures good outcome and provide the ultimate result in organizations (Ngoc-Tan & Gregar, 2018).What happens to knowledge management when the knowledge holder leaves the organization?