Лингвокультурная значимость имени первостихии вода в составе русских и английских фразеологизмов

The relevance of the research is determined by the comprehensive analysis of idioms and paroemias function-ing in modern Russian language formulating the national character. The aim of the research is to identify the charac-teristic features typical for idioms and paroemias containing names component. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach and includes general scientific and special methods. The group of general scientific methods includes analysis and synthesis, as well as generalization to systematize theoretical and practical material. The special methods group includes the modeling method to identify specific linguistic and cultural properties of idi-oms and paroemias typical for Russian culture; the method of component analysis to provide semantic features anal-ysis and to give lexical and semantic variants of words with several meanings; a definitional method to obtain lexico-graphic information dealing with the meaning of the language unit. Russian idioms and paroemias with Names com-ponents reflect the specific features of the national Russian character and make it possible to determine the key properties of the Russian mentality. The research deals with the analyses idioms and paroemias with the Names component having been divided into the following group types: mythonyms, chrononyms, hagionyms, literary onyms, historical onyms, anthroponyms. According to the author, all types of idioms and paroemias with the Name compo-nent function in modern Russian and are markers of culturally significant information reflecting the specifics of Rus-sian culture. All in all, the authors rank anthroponyms as the most productive Name components types, while chrono-nyms are not a productive phenomenon.

The article examines the possible ways to promote the Russian language within the framework of the Russian state policy of soft power, which forms a positive image not only of the Russian world, but also of the Russian language itself. The relevance of the research area is determined by the need to adjust this policy to the current conditions, complicated by the information war. The authors proceed from the fact that, acting in two different qualities - as a tool and as the owner of soft power - the Russian language forms its image and reputation. Endowing the Russian language with the properties of a soft po- wer actor, the goal of analyzing the mechanisms of forming the attractiveness of the Russian language in professional and naive advertising, comparing the models of its presentation and determining the specific indicators of attractiveness, is set. The examples of social advertising (both domestic and foreign), emphasizing the power and strength, spirituality and purity of the Russian language, the examples of advertising slogans invented by native speakers, to which methods of text and discourse analysis are applied, are given. The research is carried out on the corpus of slogans taken from advertising campaigns of the Russkiy Mir Foundation, advertisements of university educational projects, school contests for advertising the Russian language, polls initiated by the media. The professional and naive models of the Russian language social promoting are compared, and the latter assessed as the most creative and promising. Nave advertising seems to be a more effective tool of soft power policy, since it turns out to be more multidimensional, more meaningful and more human than professional advertising, and forms a more attractive image of the language.

The Yungang Grottoes, as a representative of early Chinese Buddhist art, reflect the profound influence of Indian and Central Asian Buddhist art, while also incorporating elements of traditional Central Plains culture. This paper examines the seated twin Buddhas in the Yungang Grottoes, focusing on their symbolic meanings and cultural connotations. Through field investigations and a comprehensive literature review, the study analyzes the significance of the seated twin Buddhas from multiple perspectives, including Buddhist doctrine, socio-political context, and artistic expression. The advent of the seated twin Buddhas signifies both the visual articulation of Buddhist doctrine and a pivotal phase in the localization of Buddhist art in China. Furthermore, the construction of the Yungang Grottoes coincided with the flourishing of the Silk Road, a period of extensive cultural exchange between the East and the West. The artistic expression of the seated twin Buddhas incorporates decorative elements from Greco-Roman art, showcasing the profound cultural interactions along the ancient Silk Road. The research reveals that the seated twin Buddhas not only embody the Buddhist philosophical concept of "the harmony of the two truths" but also reflect the unique political landscape and cultural integration during the Northern Wei regime.

This study examined whether native Japanese speakers and second language (L2) speakers of Japanese use information from numeral classifiers to predict possible referents. Using a visual-world eye-tracking paradigm, we asked participants to identify picture objects that take either the same or different numeral classifiers while they listened to Japanese sentences referring to one object. The results showed that native speakers looked to the target predictively more often when the classifier was informative about noun identity than when it was not. L2 learners also showed a facilitative effect of classifiers that was comparable to that of native speakers. In addition, we found that the level of proficiency played a role in the speed of real-time referent resolutions when the participants heard the target nouns in audio input. However, such an effect was not observed during the period when the predictions were generated.

The article explores the semiotic potential of a postage stamp as a social communication tool. Despite the fact that a postage stamp is initially a utilitarian means of payment, it is capable of implementing many functions, and its pragmatics are directly related to the representation and transmission of cultural and ideological meanings, which makes the stamp an important means of forming cultural identity. Collectable practices make stamps semiotic artefacts that lose their utilitarian meaning and acquire new cultural connotations. The analysis of the series of postage stamps dedicated to the anniversaries of Alexander Pushkin, proposed in the article, illustrates the changes in cultural symbols during the period from 1937 to 2024. The specifics of the commemorative stamps show how not only the approach to depicting Pushkin himself is changing, but also the symbolic context in which they are included: from endowing Pushkin with the features of an ideal example of poetry to forming detailed personal representations. The dynamics of the ‘philatelic plot’ building around the anniversaries of Pushkin's work shows that, being a ‘strong sign’ immersed in the structure of everyday practices as a means of mass influence, the postage stamp is a powerful socio-semiotic resource that has a direct impact on the formation, transmission and representation of cultural meanings and values. The study demonstrates that in modern society, stamps are becoming not only attributes of postal correspondence, but also elements of a cultural narrative that are actively used to form and convey ideological and aesthetic messages.

INTRODUCTION. The article examines human nominations formed using animal names (zootropes) included by V.I. Dal in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language”. This aspect of the analysis of the work, unique in its composition and volume of vocabulary, has not previously been the subject of research. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that Dal’s dictionary presents a real, living language used in a vast territory of Russia. The purpose of the study is an analytical description of the animal names used to designate and characterize, evaluate a person in Dal’s dictionary (19th century), as well as identifying nominations preserved in the modern language, according to the lexicography of the 21st century.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material is zootropes contained in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V.I. Dal: in the heading of the article, in the text and illustrations, as well as the latest version of the “Large Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” of 2014. Semantic, comparative, word-formation and pragmatic methods were used.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. About 90 units naming animals (beasts, birds, fish, insects, snakes and reptiles) were identified, which native speakers in the 19th century used to designate humans. 80 % of them are included in the corpus of zootropes of the modern Russian language and are recorded in modern lexicography of the 21st century. As the analysis shows, the names of animals are used to characterize a person’s appearance, internal qualities and behavior, to express a positive, sharp negative assessment and abuse.CONCLUSION. Zootropes of the modern Russian language constitute a significant layer of vocabulary that has absorbed traditional Russian ideas about their values. The most important condemned human qualities that are designated with the help of zootropes in the 19th and 21st centuries are greed, anger, untidiness and sloppiness, immodesty, and uncommunicativeness.

Agricultural proverbs are concise, catchy and profound proverbs left over from the agricultural civilization. Many of them have been proved to be used to guide agricultural production practice after repeated practice. They are the summary of the agricultural production experience of ordinary people and the crystallization of people's collective wisdom. Agricultural proverbs are also the language carrier of silkworm culture, ecological culture and traditional culture. A large number of agricultural proverbs in Foshan Sangyuanwei, have been passed down from mouth to mouth among the people and become symbols of Lingnan farming culture. The essence of Lingnan culture is contained in the simple words and abundant words.

In recent years, with the interaction and integration of modern cultural and creative industries with Chinese excellent traditional culture, various innovative cultural and creative products have been introduced, ushering in new opportunities for the inheritance and development of Chinese excellent traditional culture. In order to integrate Chinese cultural elements into the design of cultural and creative products. This paper draws on the characteristics of DNA inheritance and mutation in living organisms to construct a multi-objective optimization model of DNA elements, and by applying the model to the analysis stage of cultural and creative product design, the designed products can be more completely integrated into the elements of Chinese characteristic culture to effectively guide the design practice of cultural and creative products. This paper takes Dunhuang Tang Dynasty Feitian cultural elements as an example for practical research through the integration of Dunhuang Tang Dynasty Feitian cultural elements of a series of cultural and creative products for the satisfaction survey from the symbolic perception, beautiful shape, functional and practical, cultural connotations, innovation and novelty of the five dimensions of the design effect assessment, the furniture category of cultural and creative products scored the highest, the average value of 4.766, the cultural and creative products in the symbolic perception of the dimensions of the score is high. It shows that in the Dunhuang Tang Dynasty, Feitian cultural and creative products can be perceived as symbols of the characteristic culture of the period.

In the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, much attention is paid to the study of the Russian language within the framework of higher education programs, interest in which among the Myanmar youth is steadily growing with the expanding opportunities for cooperation between the two countries. The presented study is devoted to the problem of teaching phonetics in the absence of a Russian-speaking environment and identifying the causes of difficulties in its acquisition. This issue seems relevant, since the formation of phonetic skills can have a significant impact on the process of learning the Russian language, and phonetic errors can naturally complicate the acquisition of vocabulary and lead to a violation of understanding. The purpose of the study is to analyze and describe the most common errors that native speakers of the Burmese (Myanmar) language make when mastering the phonetics of the Russian language, as well as the causes of these errors. Based on the work of methodologists and researchers, a brief comparative description of the Russian and Burmese (Myanmar) languages in terms of phonetics is provided; an analysis of the difficulties in forming phonetic skills in students from Myanmar when learning Russian outside the natural Russianspeaking environment is given. In connection with the need to improve the effectiveness of teaching Russian phonetics, the issue of developing digital educational resources is addressed that are maximally focused on the specifics of the Burmese language and the needs of the target audience — students of Myanmar — and at the same time consider the peculiarities of teaching Russian outside the Russian-speaking environment and the established educational traditions of Myanmar.

This study aims to explore in depth the purchasing intentions of tourists towards creative products of intangible cultural heritage, aiming to reveal the level of recognition and importance that tourists place on the intangible value carried by intangible cultural heritage during the purchasing process. By using a questionnaire survey, a total of 500 valid samples of tourists from different backgrounds and experiences were collected, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of their purchasing preferences and decision-making factors. The statistical analysis and discussion of data reveal a series of factors that affect tourist purchase intention. Firstly, uniqueness is an important influencing factor, and tourists tend to purchase products with unique cultural characteristics and historical significance because these products can arouse their interest and sense of identity. Secondly, the expression of cultural symbols also has a significant impact on purchase intention. Tourists are more willing to purchase products that reflect local culture and traditions, as these products not only have aesthetic value but also convey deep cultural connotations. In addition, emotional identification is also one of the important factors affecting purchase intention. Tourists tend to purchase products that can evoke emotional resonance and identification, as these products can stimulate their emotional experiences and memories. Finally, although price factors also have a certain impact on purchase intention, they are not decisive factors. Tourists are more willing to pay reasonable prices for products with rich cultural connotations and emotional experiences. Overall, this study reveals that tourists pay more attention to the cultural connotations, emotional experiences, and emotional identity of intangible cultural heritage creative products when purchasing them, rather than simple material attributes. This provides important references for relevant enterprises and organizations to better understand the needs and preferences of tourists, thereby developing more attractive and competitive intangible cultural heritage creative products.

The silver ornament of the Qiang nationality is an important part of Chinese traditional craft culture, like a magnificent pearl, containing rich ethnic minority characteristic culture and symbolic symbols. It has been passed down to this day with superb skills, exquisite engraving craftsmanship and decorative techniques with extremely national characteristics. In terms of shape, it is simple and resplendent, beautiful and generous, simple and elegant, wild and unrestrained; In terms of decoration techniques, it is unique and colorful, most of which are decorated with filigree inlaid gemstones and engraved decorations. The colors are bright and eye-catching, which are very brilliant; In terms of technique, it is rich in layers, strong in folk interest, bold in design, quirky in imagery, and extremely modern, just like a bright pearl in the history of traditional silverware craftsmanship. This thesis will analyze the artistic aesthetics and artistic characteristics of Qiang silver ornament through the development origin, modeling characteristics, cultural connotation and decorative aesthetics, so as to look forward to exploring a new theoretical basis for modern research on Qiang silver ornament art.

The subject of the study is the lexical and semantic features of Russian zoosemisms characterizing the internal signs of a person. The object of the study is Russian zoosemisms, that is, secondary names of persons motivated by animal names (zoonyms). The paper examines the relationship between the primary meanings of animals and their metaphorical zoosemic meanings; the interaction of metaphorical connections and cultural representations in language; and the potential for the development of zoosemisms in the Russian language. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as zoosemisms reflecting the internal characteristics of a person and directly related to the zoonyms motivating them; zoosemisms reflecting the internal features of a person and indirectly related to the zoonyms motivating them. Special attention is paid to the analysis of possible sources of zoosemisms, which are indirectly related to the zoonyms motivating them, as well as their stability in the psychological state of native Russian speakers. The following methods are used in the study: descriptive, component analysis, comparative analysis, as well as the method of continuous sampling of material. The novelty of this work lies in an in-depth analysis of a specific subgroup of zoosemisms; identification of various connections between zoonyms and zoosemisms motivated by them; as well as in highlighting the special role of zoosemisms in the linguistic picture of the world of Russian speakers. The results of the study confirm the complexity and diversity of the connections between zoonyms and the zoosemisms motivated by them, many of which are directly related to the cultural, historical and phraseological aspects of the Russian language. The zoosemisms ram, gad, beetle, fox, turkey exist as stronger cultural elements, and are steadily present in the minds of native speakers of the Russian language. The zoosemisms sparrow, goose, animal, dog, creature, chicken are in the status of dynamic development. The source of zoosemisms can be phraseologically related meanings of the corresponding animal (zoosemisms goat, sheep, donkey, rooster); metaphorical meanings of the corresponding masculine animal (zoosemisms gadina, fox/fox, donkey/donkey, bitch); metaphorical meanings associated with the species or family of the corresponding animal (zoosemisms barbosa, tigress, shiloh tail). This analysis enriches the understanding of the mechanisms of metaphor formation in the Russian language and can serve as a basis for further linguistic research, as well as methods of teaching Russian to foreign students.

The research aims to describe the specifics of conceptualisation of the notion of “time” by means of phraseological units of the Russian, English and French languages with the components «время» / “time” / “temps”. The paper attempts to classify and analyse these linguistic means from the viewpoint of the peculiarities of native speakers’ mentality reflected in them at the level of reality comprehension. The research is the first to conduct a comprehensive study of phraseosemantic fields of the Russian, English and French languages through the lens of national and cultural specifics while focusing on the semantics of individual lexemes within these phraseological units during the comparative analysis. It has been found that the notion of “time” is understood by native speakers taking into account different aspects: time can be thought of as a subject and an object of action, can have temporal properties. The identified structural and semantic connections of the components «время» / “time” / “temps” with other components of phraseological units make it possible to determine the meanings significant for the representatives of each language culture contained in the studied phraseological units. As a result, it has been proved that, on the one hand, the components «время» / “time” / “temps” have universal characteristics in various languages, on the other hand, they demonstrate the national originality of the reality conceptualisation process recorded by the phraseological stocks of these languages.

Slang is an essential element of culture. Learning a foreign language is inextricably linked with the study of the culture of native speakers. Teaching slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs in foreign language classes contributes to the students' vocabulary, understanding informal speech patterns found in media texts and everyday communication with native speakers, developing speaking and listening skills. As a rule, at a foreign language class, students improve their listening, reading, speaking and writing skills through various study materials. Even with these skills, you can fail to communicate with native speakers, read magazines, watch television programmes and travel to foreign countries. The paper discusses the possibility of teaching slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs in a foreign language class at a technical university. To substantiate the need to study slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs, the authors attempted to find out how the youth slang is formed and the reasons for its functioning. Youth slang in modern Russian and English languages has been compared and analyzed.

This study examined the polite expression patterns and refusal expressions among students learning the Korean language in Russia. After a preliminary test, a survey was conducted on 50 native Korean speakers and 50 Russian students learning Korean in middle- and high-level classes from April 24 to July 3, 2017. The data analysis showed that the number of native Korean speakers who pointed out that politeness is “to listen carefully to what others are saying” was 16 (35.6%), the highest ratio. However, 11 Russian students (33.6%) responded positively to each of the following survey items: politeness is “to consider the emotions of others,” “to recognize that different people have different opinions,” and “to use polite expressions depending on the other person.” Additionally, with regard to the relationship between refusal expression strategies and politeness, Russian students tended to suggest reasons for refusal, apologize for their refusal, and were more likely to directly refuse. On the other hand, there were significant differences between the types of refusal expression strategies and politeness among native Korean speakers. This means that these two aspects are related. The above findings imply that politeness and expressions of refusal should require consideration of not only who the other party is but also what the subject of dialogue is. As a result of this finding, through explicit learning about refusal strategies, students have clearly recognized the situations in which they should refuse and the proper strategies to be used therein. Therefore, it is necessary to narrow the gap between refusal strategies and refusal expression learning and to guide students by combining these two things.