ДЕРЖАВНА ПІДТРИМКА ТА БАНКІВСЬКЕ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ МАЛОГО І СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

This paper investigates the current state of small and medium business in Ukraine. The protracted nature of the war in Ukraine significantly destabilizes the activities of the subjects of this sector and leads to the deterioration of its development indicators. In particular, a decrease in quantity of active entities small and medium business, a decrease in the rate of registration of new entities, a shortage of own working capital in most small and medium enterprises will have a negative impact on the national economy. The main obstacles to the recovery and development of business activity during the period of validity of state of war are identified. It is the lack of financial resources; continuation of hostilities; interruptions in electricity, water and heat supply; destruction of logistics; increase in production costs; insufficient quantity of paying customers. The peculiarities of state support of small and medium business in Ukraine during the war are considered. The problems hindering the development of national small and medium business in the conditions of war are identified. It is the absence of a program document on the development of the small and medium business sector; low level of access to finance by small and medium business entities; insufficiently developed state financial support programs for IT startups; inefficiency of industrial parks. Proved, that the prospects of the development of small and medium business largely depend on ensuring the implementation of an effective state policy to stimulate its development. In this context, the priorities of the state policy in the sphere of stimulating the development of small and medium business in the conditions of the war in Ukraine are substantiated. It is the development of the State program for promoting the development of small and medium business in Ukraine, coordination of strategies and programs for the development of small and medium business at the state, regional and local levels; attraction of money from international financial organizations and international donors; creation of conditions for increasing the level of access of small and medium enterprises to finance; expansion of state grant support for IT startups; implementation of mechanisms of tax benefits for entities that resume their activities in the de-occupied territories; expansion and creation of new industrial parks with developed engineering and transport infrastructure, creation of favorable conditions for the development of small and medium business within the industrial park.

Introduction. The Netherlands is the world's leading economic power. This fact is expressed in gross domestic product, “Doing business” indicators, competitiveness ratings. With a high market economy, the lion's share of which is occupied by small and medium enterprises. Institutions operating within the general monetary mechanism are played one of the most important roles. With this in mind, it should be noted that Standard & Poor's credit rating service has given the Netherlands the highest level on its scale – “AAA”. All this is the reason for studying the support system of small and medium-sized businesses in this country, including financing and refinancing. Methods. The following general and special methods are used to achieve this goal: induction and deduction to draw conclusions about the state of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Netherlands; logical for consistent generalization of theoretical and practical provisions; methods of statistical analysis for the analysis of basic indicators of small and medium business in the Netherlands; methods of synthesis and systematization in the formation of proposals to increase the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. Results. The article examines the role of small and medium business in economic development, support for small and medium business in the Netherlands. The main factors influencing the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Netherlands are revealed, as well as the main principles that guide the government's authorized structures in matters of small and medium-sized business support policy. The conditions of banking institutions in the framework of real sector financing and support of the Central Bank are analysed. Discussion. The development of an integrated approach to the support of the real sector according to European models is substantiated. Incentives for the development of the real sector in Ukraine are proposed.

The article is devoted to the study of integration processes, as they are carried out between enterprises of various expansions. A highly efficient economy is optimal for the operation of large, medium and small enterprises. This clause describes the main types of state support of small business to ensure their sustainable development and subsequent operation. Also disclosed in detail the main principles of policy in the sphere of small and medium business in Ukraine. The development of a small business is an indicator of the development of market assets, the assessment of private authority, independence and the capacity of the subjects of government. Small business is a special sector of the economy playing an important social and economic role. The advantages and shortcomings of outsourcing, subcontracting and problems of their promotion in Ukrainian enterprises are examined. It has been established that at the current stage of economic development, small businesses will require direct and indirect approaches. The formation of mutually integrating links between small and great business can not be brought to the advancement of the efficiency of their activities. Analysis of the development of the outsourcing and subcontracting system revealed a low level of their development. The main reason for their low distribution is the lack of necessary information about partnership, the underdevelopment of the market infrastructure, which contributes to the formation and development of integration ties between enterprises of different sizes. For the effective development of small entrepreneurship in the region, where there is a considerable number of both large and small enterprises, it is necessary to create an enterprise – a partnership center. For the formation and development of integration links in enterprises of various sizes, there is a need in the creation of infrastructure facilities. Subjects of small business are in need of informational and illuminating servants. The creation of an infrastructure for the development of a system of outsourcing and subcontracting in Ukraine is a progressive direct development of a small business. The development of subcontracting businesses in Ukraine is the basis for the development of industrial production, with a small number of enterprises to realize their potential in the service department of technological lines of great industrial enterprises.

The article states that the state of the modern small business is characterized by negative financial and economic and social indicators. The negative impact on the development of this sector with military clashes and conflicts. Therefore, there is need for reform and renewal of the state mechanism to support small businesses, taking into account the negative factors of the environment. The purpose of the article is to examine the characteristics of development at the small business in Ukraine under present conditions, analysis of the major deficiencies and determine the prospects of small businesses. Determined that there is a clear relationship trends and trends in small business of scientific and technological progress. It is noted that in European countries is dominated by small and medium enterprises, their share in the total number of enterprises is 99.8%, two-thirds of the employed population (65.8%) are employed in small and mediumsized enterprises, 58.8% of the annual turnover in Europe and accounts for this sector. However, small businesses Ukraine missed its development potential and does not perform assigned tasks. This is due to insufficient attention of local authorities in this sector, namely the lack of permanent tracked the development of such enterprises; imperfect administrative support; inefficient infrastructure software and more. In this regard, it is necessary to find innovative means of administrative support and market conditions such enterprises unstable environment. The main task of the Ukrainian authorities is, first, to carry out regulatory reform, which will create a qualitatively new system of state regulation that will protect both entrepreneurs and consumers. Secondly, it is necessary to reduce the number of permits for doing business, as Ukraine lags behind in this component. Third, it is necessary to create a state credit guarantee institution in order to encourage commercial banks to lend to small businesses with minimal financial risk. Having analyzed the state and dynamics of the general parameters of small business in Ukraine, it should be noted that they do not meet the needs of the Ukrainian economy. The development of small business in Ukraine is much lower than in developed countries. During a coronavirus pandemic, where most small businesses have either closed or are not operating at full capacity, government assistance is important.

Sustainable development of rural areas is a multifaceted and complex concept. One of the factors affecting the prosperity of the regions is the presence of small and medium-sized businesses. Improving government programs to support small and medium-sized businesses is a priority of state policy. The theoretical methodological and practical foundations of the strategic development of small and medium businesses were investigated. We have identified the main factors affecting the development of small business in Russia, such as low population density, low pre-emptive activity of the population, low support from the regional authorities. Creating an entrepreneurial environment is a priority to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized businesses.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine in the context of digital transformation of state support, crisis challenges, and gradual integration into the EU market. Hypotheses are formulated that the participation of small and medium-sized businesses in foreign economic activity is uneven across enterprise size categories; support policy in 2016–2023 evolved under the influence of external challenges, and digital tools for institutional support and interna­tional cooperation contributed to the growth of their involvement. Statistical analysis methods were used to study the main trends in the foreign economic activity of enterprises. Comparative statistical analysis was used to compare trends in the foreign economic activity of enterprises with different numbers of employees. The dynamics of the main indicators of exports, imports of manufactured products, and the share of sales from e-commerce in total sales by type of enterprise (micro, small, medium, and large) in 2016–2023 were studied. The stages of state policy to support the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine were systematized. The stages of state policy to support the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine have been systematized. The evolution of the policy to support the foreign economic activity of enterprises of various sizes has been substantiated in stages: strategic planning; institutional formation; digital adaptation; crisis response; digital integration and scaling. The key barriers to the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in foreign economic activity and e‑commerce have been identified, and the main institutional initiatives that contribute to expanding their internationalization potential have been described. The main result is the justification of targeted instru­ments for differentiated, digitally oriented support for the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account their size and state of development. The practical value of the research lies in laying the foundations for the modernization of the internationalization policy of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine, taking into account current challenges and opportunities.

Introduction: In modern conditions, the formation of an inclusive, sustainable, and innovation-oriented economy gives strategic importance to small business. Small entrepreneurship plays the role of a social buffer, ensures economic flexibility, adaptation to crisis conditions, generates new jobs, promotes regional development, and activates local markets. In the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery, this sector can become a catalyst for economic growth, especially in the areas of services, trade, agribusiness, innovation, and creative industries. However, one of the main obstacles to the expansion of small businesses is limited access to financial resources. Banking crediting, which is a traditional and the most widespread source of business financing in most countries, in Ukraine's realities is characterized by high barriers for SMEs: lack of collateral, low financial literacy, income instability, a complicated creditworthiness assessment system, and limited readiness of banks to cooperate with small entities. Method (Methodology): The work uses general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis and synthesis – to study the essence of credit, trends in crediting in Ukraine, and to justify the peculiarities of banking crediting for small and medium business; systematization and classification – to identify methods and tools of banking crediting for small and medium business; comparison – to conduct a comparative analysis of small and medium business crediting support in foreign countries and in Ukraine; generalization of results – for drawing conclusions. Results: Thus, banking crediting for small businesses in Ukraine remains fragmented, unevenly developed, and insufficiently adapted to the needs of this segment of the economy. Despite the implementation of state programs, including "Affordable Credits 5-7-9%", small businesses still face problems such as excessive regulation, high interest rates, limited credit lines, and difficulties in proving creditworthiness to banks. Foreign experience shows that the decisive role in expanding access for SMEs to banking financing is played by active government participation through development institutions, guarantee funds, interest rate subsidies, digitalization of crediting processes, and partnerships with commercial banks.

Nowadays a number of legal, economic and organizational problems related to the implementation of the role of the state in the effective regulation of business development in Ukraine have become relevant. The development of entrepreneurial activity is one of the main prerequisites for the formation and realization of the export potential of the state, its material enrichment and growth of living standards. In modern conditions there is a need for a detailed study of business activity in Ukraine. Using statistical data of the site ukrstat.gov.ua, the economic indicators of small industrial enterprises within the period of 2010-2019 have been analyzed in the article. They are the volume of goods manufactured by enterprises; the volume of goods sold by enterprises; financial results prior to taxation of enterprises; net profit of enterprises. During 2012-2019, the volume of goods sold increased, which has a positive trend and may indicate the development of small industrial enterprises. During 2010-2019 the volume of sold products also has a positive upward trend, due to the excess of the volume of sold products over those produced in 2019. This indicates an excess of demand over supply. Net profit for the entire period of 2010-2019, except for 2018, 2019 has a negative trend, as shown by its negative values, namely the losses of small businesses. The state of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine is currently unsatisfactory. It is evidenced by the slow growth rate of the number of small enterprises, imperfect market infrastructure and competition, lack of working capital, lack of investment resources, etc. Further development of small business, increasing its competitiveness in both domestic and foreign markets, largely depends on a balanced and sound state policy. Today it is vital to include the development of small business in Ukraine in the overall strategy of economic growth and structural reconstruction of the national economy. To improve and stabilize business activities in Ukraine, the following measures are offered: to apply a flexible system of preferential taxation for medium and small businesses, depending not on the number of those working in them, but on the annual volume (sales) of products, services, works; to constantly reduce the tax burden on small and medium enterprises; to facilitate access of small and medium enterprises to financial resources; to change the microcredit system in the field of small business in Ukraine. The financial and loan system in Ukraine currently offers different conditions and rates for small business loans, which has a particularly negative impact on the work of entrepreneurs in the period of the economic crisis.

Невід’ємною та стратегічно важливою частиною економіки держави є середній та малий бізнес. Проте розвиток цього сектору бізнесу потребує прийняття зважених рішень щодо фінансів, дотримання правил фінансової звітності та податкового законодавства, мінімізації ризиків в цьому процесі. Бухгалтерський облік надає власникам бізнесу величезну кількість фінансової інформації та розуміння, які дозволяють їм приймати рішення такого рівня та якості. Україна має доволі потужний сектор малого та середнього бізнесу, але йому бракує ресурсів, досвіду чи часу для ефективного управління своїми фінансами. Тому, партнерство з надійною бухгалтерською фірмою може надати підтримку, керівництво та досвід, необхідні для досягнення своїх цілей. Метою дослідження є окреслення практичних сфер для подальшого розвитку бухгалтерського консалтингу як «м’якої технології» підтримки розвитку малого та середнього бізнесу. Доведено, що з появою технологій бухгалтерський облік змінився. Тепер бухгалтер несе відповідальність і зобов’язання зробити свою професію ідентифікованою суспільством і підприємцями як професію, що використовує знання та технології, щоб забезпечити більшу безпеку та надійність організацій. У статті представлено точки зору, щодо ставлення власників бізнесу до можливості звернення за консультацією. Для посилення аргументації, представлені результати опитування щодо напрямків бізнес-консультування підприємців, визначених ними самими. Встановлена загальна тенденція щодо перспективних очікувань підприємців щодо бухгалтерського консультування. Представлені статистичні дані динаміки суб’єктів господарювання, що працюють в сфері бухгалтерського обліку й аудиту; консультування з питань оподаткування. Обгрунтовані напрями розвитку бухгалтерського консалтингу як «м’якої технології» підтримки розвитку вітчизняного малого та середнього бізнесу.

Small and Medium scale Enterprises play an important role in the economy of a country. The environment of an organization is significantly undergoing continuous, rapid changes that have far reaching effects on organizations and their management strategies. The significance of the study is especially to business organization in small and medium sector businesses. This research focuses on two aspects: The organizational change option - Structure, Technology, Physical setting and the people in which the innovations in technology as the most powerful change agent that create a big challenge for SMEs and the importance of innovations in technology in small businesses that need more and more innovative techniques in order to expand Small and Medium scale Industry (SMI) sector. Mainly agricultural sector such as paddy production, crop production, livestock, milk and egg production meat production are found in this district and Fishing also is another source of income in the coastal area of Ampara districts. 11,156 commercial places such as retail shops, restaurants, textile and footwear, dispensary and Pharmacy, wood and iron furniture, building material and paints jewelry liquor shops In which 48.69 % were as retail shops. 4507 businesses found in manufacturing industry in which 43% Food, beverage and tobacco, 16.7 % wood production and furniture, 15.9% textile, wearing apparel and leather. Existence and growth in small and medium business sector is the most important thing in order to maintain their survival in the industry. So, this research aims to study the entrepreneurs’ perception towards technology change and the association of between coping with technology change and the business growth in the small and medium business sector among a sample of 180 small and medium sized entrepreneurs in Ampara District of Sri Lanka using a simple random sampling. According to the findings, it is proved that there is a significant strong positive relationship between the perception towards coping with technology change and business growth in small and medium business sector. Accordingly, 53.4% of the variance in business growth in small business sector after coping with technology change programs was significantly explained by coping with change in this study, still leaves 46.6% unexplained. So, further research might be necessary to explain more of the variance in business growth after coping with change. Thus, the findings might be immense value to Small & Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries, such as Sri Lanka, as much research has not been conducted in this regard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jm.v8i1.7558 Journal of Management 2013 8(1): 51-58

Digital transformation processes are having a significant impact on the business sector of Azerbaijan, creating new opportunities for the development of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), in particular. Automation is often associated with innovation, efficiency, and competitiveness, which are essential elements for the growth of SMEs in a developing economy. The study aimed to examine the technological, market, and cultural factors influencing the tendencies of SMEs to switch to automated management. The analysis of the tendencies of SMEs to switch to automated management in Azerbaijan is relevant due to its potential to contribute to economic development, reveal cross-cultural dynamics, and increase business adaptability. The article also examines the main problems of small and medium-sized businesses in the implementation of automation systems, such as cybersecurity, technical integration, and bureaucratic obstacles. In addition, the article explores how automation helps employees focus on more valuable activities, simplifying their work processes. The importance of increasing investments in training programs, strengthening collaboration with automation vendors, and developing risk management strategies to enhance the potential of SMEs in the field of digitalization was highlighted. The main purpose of the study is to study and gain a deep understanding of the factors influencing the transition of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) to automated management systems in Azerbaijan. This study, which analyzes the nuances of technology adoption, cultural influences, political factors, and market competitiveness, aims to provide valuable suggestions and recommendations to policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders investing in the development and sustainability of small and medium-sized businesses.

The article is devoted to the study of the current realities of small business enterprises' functioning, the state of their accounting and taxation systems, and their development prospects. The purpose of the article is to examine the current state of the accounting and taxation system for small businesses, effective taxation methods, key elements of state policy for the recovery of small businesses to support and stimulate their development, as well as to determine directions for improving the simplified taxation system under wartime conditions and business expectations for the future, which will ensure prosperity and contribute to Ukraine's overall economic growth. The article analyzes the impact of the war on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine and the development of small entrepreneurship during the ongoing war. A comparative analysis of the general and simplified taxation systems for small businesses in Ukraine is conducted, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It has been established that the development of small businesses is possible through the combination and coordination of various forms, regulatory methods, and state support measures, as well as the implementation of practical steps necessary for business prosperity. The article explores innovations in the accounting and taxation system for small businesses in 2025, which will mitigate negative impacts on entrepreneurship and promote economic recovery. The key elements of state policy for small business recovery, according to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Ukraine, are considered in order to support and stimulate small business development, expand production, and enhance competition. Directions for improving the taxation system of small businesses under wartime conditions and post-war recovery are identified to ensure their prosperity and contribute to economic development.

The allocation of financial resources by the state to support small business and co-financing of investment projects of large and medium-sized businesses are significant financial instruments of state management of the socio-economic development of all Russian territories, without exception, especially in difficult modern epidemiological conditions. At the same time, it would be advisable to synchronize the quantitative and qualitative certainty of the implementation of these tools in time with the viability of the territories, determined by the current stage of their life cycle. The purpose of this article is to study the current presence in the Republic of Bashkortostan of direct or indirect accounting of the stage membership of municipalities in determining the amount allocated to it for the development of business of various dimensional forms of financial resources based on a systematic analysis of statistical data using typological grouping tools and rank correlation analysis. To achieve this goal, the authors analyzed the size of subsidies to support small business in the municipalities of the Republic of Belarus and the volume of state co-financing at the subregional level of objects from the lists of priority investment projects of the republic. The study of these indicators in relation to 8 urban districts (Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Oktyabrskiy, Neftekamsk, Sibay, Kumertau, Agidel) and 54 municipal districts of the Republic of Belarus made it possible to construct their typological groups according to the stages of the life cycle, the specific volume of subsidies to small businesses and the specific volume of co-financing of investment projects of large and medium-sized businesses. An assessment was made of the correlation between the stadia of municipalities and, firstly, the amount of subsidies allocated to it from the budget of the republic to support the activities of municipal programs for the development of small businesses and, secondly, the amount of co-financing of investment projects of large and medium-sized businesses. The absence of statistically significant interconnections between the volumes of financial resources currently allocated from the budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the development and support of small, medium and large businesses in municipalities and their life cycle stages was revealed, with the exception of a very weak negative relationship between the stage membership of municipal districts and the specific volume subsidies to support the activities of their programs for the development of small businesses (Spearman's coefficient = -0.270). The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to take into Belarus, as well as in other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the stage-by-stage identification of territories when determining the amount allocated to municipalities from regional budgets of financial resources for business development of various dimensional forms.

The article presents the results of the implementation of the National Project “Small and Medium Business and Support for Individual Entrepreneurial Initiatives” and federal projects included in it: “Improving the conditions for doing business”; “Expanding the access of small and medium-sized businesses to financial resources, including concessional financing”; “Acceleration of small and medium-sized businesses”; “Creation of a support system for farmers and the development of rural cooperation”; “Popularisation of Entrepreneurship”. We critically analysed the national project as a whole and assessed the newest situation of small and medium-sized businesses. Further, we carried out the analysis of the achievement of the leading indicators of the national project. Also, we considered the financing and the results of the achievement of indicators in the context of federal projects that are part of the national project for 2018-2020.We assessed the risks of non-fulfilment of the goals and objectives set in the projects. The article also examines the effectiveness and evaluates the effectiveness of state support measures for small and medium-sized businesses affected by the spread of coronavirus infection in 2020. Besides, we analysed the main changes in the regulatory legal framework within the framework of implementing the national project. The analysis of the updated structure and activities of the national project “Small and Medium Enterprises and Support for Individual Entrepreneurial Initiatives” has been carried out.

Entrepreneurship, embodying the process of funds formation in the form of small independent firms — small and medium enterprises is an integral element of the economic system. These subjects carry out a whole range of important socio-economic functions, which to a large extent can influence the overall level of the region’s wealth. These include the creation of additional jobs, an increase in the level of the competitive environment, the alignment of social disproportions, the introduction and promotion of innovative technologies. These factors directly affect the socio-economic development of both the country as a whole and a particular territory. Accordingly, small and medium enterprises are one of the levers of influence on the welfare of the region and the quality of life in it. The article provides a statistical analysis of the small and medium modern businesses development in the Russian Federation, reflecting the mutual influence of income from activities in the regions on financial activities in the territory and the impact on a broad impact. Also, the paper reflects the results of a conceptual approach to the study of previously presented studies of economists devoted to identifying the dependencies of the small and medium businesses development and the level of welfare of the region. As a result of the study, it was found that at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the main reasons for the development of small and medium enterprises are the formation of a business support infrastructure, represented by a whole range of measures that provide significant support to small and medium businesses. Namely, the implementation of programs for the financing of small and medium enterprises, the provision of information, consulting and educational support measures. Also, the list of ongoing activities includes property and innovative support for small and medium-sized businesses.