SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS IN THE NETHERLANDS

The article presents the results of a study of the development and legal support of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. There were considered the legislation and regulations governing the activities of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine. The basic principles of the system of state support for the development of small business as a factor of economic growth of the state were determined. It was studied the structure of state support of small and medium business development by direct and indirect instruments. It was found that state support for small business development is implemented through programs and projects coordinated by international, national and regional support institutions. The peculiarities of financial and credit provision of small and medium enterprises were established. There were determined the instruments of state support of SME enterprises in the field of lending, including such as introduction of state lending programs, guarantees for loans, compensation of interest rates on loans, etc. It was conducted an analysis of the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine in 2016-2020 and the main factors influencing its development were identified. The structure and quality of the loan portfolio of the banking sector of Ukraine were studied and the process of bank lending to small businesses was assessed. There were reviewed the state programs providing partial interest rate compensation and state loan guarantees, including the state program of lending to small and medium-sized enterprises «Affordable Loans 5-7-9%», which laid the preferential basis for SME lending by Ukrainian banks. The main advantages and disadvantages of this program and prospects for its improvement were identified. Based on the analysis of theoretical aspects and world and domestic practice, there were substantiated the directions of increasing the efficiency of small and medium business in Ukraine in the context of intensifying bank lending and state regulatory, legal and financial support for its development. It was substantiated that stimulating the development of small and medium business in Ukraine within the programs of state support and bank lending are important for overcoming socio-economic disparities.

This paper investigates the current state of small and medium business in Ukraine. The protracted nature of the war in Ukraine significantly destabilizes the activities of the subjects of this sector and leads to the deterioration of its development indicators. In particular, a decrease in quantity of active entities small and medium business, a decrease in the rate of registration of new entities, a shortage of own working capital in most small and medium enterprises will have a negative impact on the national economy. The main obstacles to the recovery and development of business activity during the period of validity of state of war are identified. It is the lack of financial resources; continuation of hostilities; interruptions in electricity, water and heat supply; destruction of logistics; increase in production costs; insufficient quantity of paying customers. The peculiarities of state support of small and medium business in Ukraine during the war are considered. The problems hindering the development of national small and medium business in the conditions of war are identified. It is the absence of a program document on the development of the small and medium business sector; low level of access to finance by small and medium business entities; insufficiently developed state financial support programs for IT startups; inefficiency of industrial parks. Proved, that the prospects of the development of small and medium business largely depend on ensuring the implementation of an effective state policy to stimulate its development. In this context, the priorities of the state policy in the sphere of stimulating the development of small and medium business in the conditions of the war in Ukraine are substantiated. It is the development of the State program for promoting the development of small and medium business in Ukraine, coordination of strategies and programs for the development of small and medium business at the state, regional and local levels; attraction of money from international financial organizations and international donors; creation of conditions for increasing the level of access of small and medium enterprises to finance; expansion of state grant support for IT startups; implementation of mechanisms of tax benefits for entities that resume their activities in the de-occupied territories; expansion and creation of new industrial parks with developed engineering and transport infrastructure, creation of favorable conditions for the development of small and medium business within the industrial park.

The allocation of financial resources by the state to support small business and co-financing of investment projects of large and medium-sized businesses are significant financial instruments of state management of the socio-economic development of all Russian territories, without exception, especially in difficult modern epidemiological conditions. At the same time, it would be advisable to synchronize the quantitative and qualitative certainty of the implementation of these tools in time with the viability of the territories, determined by the current stage of their life cycle. The purpose of this article is to study the current presence in the Republic of Bashkortostan of direct or indirect accounting of the stage membership of municipalities in determining the amount allocated to it for the development of business of various dimensional forms of financial resources based on a systematic analysis of statistical data using typological grouping tools and rank correlation analysis. To achieve this goal, the authors analyzed the size of subsidies to support small business in the municipalities of the Republic of Belarus and the volume of state co-financing at the subregional level of objects from the lists of priority investment projects of the republic. The study of these indicators in relation to 8 urban districts (Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Oktyabrskiy, Neftekamsk, Sibay, Kumertau, Agidel) and 54 municipal districts of the Republic of Belarus made it possible to construct their typological groups according to the stages of the life cycle, the specific volume of subsidies to small businesses and the specific volume of co-financing of investment projects of large and medium-sized businesses. An assessment was made of the correlation between the stadia of municipalities and, firstly, the amount of subsidies allocated to it from the budget of the republic to support the activities of municipal programs for the development of small businesses and, secondly, the amount of co-financing of investment projects of large and medium-sized businesses. The absence of statistically significant interconnections between the volumes of financial resources currently allocated from the budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the development and support of small, medium and large businesses in municipalities and their life cycle stages was revealed, with the exception of a very weak negative relationship between the stage membership of municipal districts and the specific volume subsidies to support the activities of their programs for the development of small businesses (Spearman's coefficient = -0.270). The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to take into Belarus, as well as in other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the stage-by-stage identification of territories when determining the amount allocated to municipalities from regional budgets of financial resources for business development of various dimensional forms.

Entrepreneurship, embodying the process of funds formation in the form of small independent firms — small and medium enterprises is an integral element of the economic system. These subjects carry out a whole range of important socio-economic functions, which to a large extent can influence the overall level of the region’s wealth. These include the creation of additional jobs, an increase in the level of the competitive environment, the alignment of social disproportions, the introduction and promotion of innovative technologies. These factors directly affect the socio-economic development of both the country as a whole and a particular territory. Accordingly, small and medium enterprises are one of the levers of influence on the welfare of the region and the quality of life in it. The article provides a statistical analysis of the small and medium modern businesses development in the Russian Federation, reflecting the mutual influence of income from activities in the regions on financial activities in the territory and the impact on a broad impact. Also, the paper reflects the results of a conceptual approach to the study of previously presented studies of economists devoted to identifying the dependencies of the small and medium businesses development and the level of welfare of the region. As a result of the study, it was found that at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the main reasons for the development of small and medium enterprises are the formation of a business support infrastructure, represented by a whole range of measures that provide significant support to small and medium businesses. Namely, the implementation of programs for the financing of small and medium enterprises, the provision of information, consulting and educational support measures. Also, the list of ongoing activities includes property and innovative support for small and medium-sized businesses.

This scientific article examines the role of state support for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in Kazakhstan, identifies the main problems faced by entrepreneurs, analyzes the prospects for the development of this sector, and offers recommendations for improving the situation. To achieve these goals, data from various sources were used, as well as the results of an analysis of existing programs and measures of state support for SMEs. Theoretical significance: 1. Contribution to the academic field: This scientific article will make an important contribution to the academic field by expanding knowledge about government support for small and medium-sized businesses in the context of Kazakhstan. It will help researchers, students, and the academic community better understand the key issues and aspects of supporting entrepreneurship in this country. 2. Theoretical developments: the analysis of the effectiveness of state support for SMEs in Kazakhstan complements the existing theoretical concepts and models for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The scientific article helps to expand the theoretical understanding of the role of the state in stimulating entrepreneurial activity. Practical significance: 1. Decision support: The research conducted within the framework of a scientific article will have practical significance for the government and the business community of Kazakhstan. The results and recommendations can be used to improve existing government support programs for SMEs and develop new measures that contribute to the development of the sector. 2. Improving business efficiency: The proposals and conclusions discussed in the article can help entrepreneurs and small businesses in Kazakhstan improve their efficiency, overcome obstacles, and use available resources more effectively. Thus, the scientific article has theoretical and practical significance, contributes to the development of scientific knowledge, and provides valuable recommendations on specific business experience and government policy in the field of entrepreneurship support.

Sustainable development of rural areas is a multifaceted and complex concept. One of the factors affecting the prosperity of the regions is the presence of small and medium-sized businesses. Improving government programs to support small and medium-sized businesses is a priority of state policy. The theoretical methodological and practical foundations of the strategic development of small and medium businesses were investigated. We have identified the main factors affecting the development of small business in Russia, such as low population density, low pre-emptive activity of the population, low support from the regional authorities. Creating an entrepreneurial environment is a priority to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized businesses.

The main features of small and medium-sized businesses and the conditions for their functioning in Russia have been considered. A significant lag of the Russian Federation in terms of the development of small and medium-sized businesses from economically advanced countries has been noted. The sectoral structure of domestic small and medium-sized businesses, its contribution to the country’s economy have been highlighted. The main problems hindering the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia have been analysed. In particular, a shortage of credit and financial resources, an imperfection of the taxation system, excessive business administration, overpriced compulsory insurance payments, a lack of readiness of a significant part of small and medium-sized businesses management to conduct business, have been revealed. The main activities carried out by the state to support small and medium-sized businesses have been enumerated, inconsistency and insufficiency of these activities have been enumerated. As the main way of state support for small and medium-sized businesses, it has been proposed to create favorable conditions for conducting its activity, including further improvement of tax legislation in this field, facilitating their access to loans, eliminating unnecessary regulatory, administrative and organizational barriers, training and advanced training for management.

Невід’ємною та стратегічно важливою частиною економіки держави є середній та малий бізнес. Проте розвиток цього сектору бізнесу потребує прийняття зважених рішень щодо фінансів, дотримання правил фінансової звітності та податкового законодавства, мінімізації ризиків в цьому процесі. Бухгалтерський облік надає власникам бізнесу величезну кількість фінансової інформації та розуміння, які дозволяють їм приймати рішення такого рівня та якості. Україна має доволі потужний сектор малого та середнього бізнесу, але йому бракує ресурсів, досвіду чи часу для ефективного управління своїми фінансами. Тому, партнерство з надійною бухгалтерською фірмою може надати підтримку, керівництво та досвід, необхідні для досягнення своїх цілей. Метою дослідження є окреслення практичних сфер для подальшого розвитку бухгалтерського консалтингу як «м’якої технології» підтримки розвитку малого та середнього бізнесу. Доведено, що з появою технологій бухгалтерський облік змінився. Тепер бухгалтер несе відповідальність і зобов’язання зробити свою професію ідентифікованою суспільством і підприємцями як професію, що використовує знання та технології, щоб забезпечити більшу безпеку та надійність організацій. У статті представлено точки зору, щодо ставлення власників бізнесу до можливості звернення за консультацією. Для посилення аргументації, представлені результати опитування щодо напрямків бізнес-консультування підприємців, визначених ними самими. Встановлена загальна тенденція щодо перспективних очікувань підприємців щодо бухгалтерського консультування. Представлені статистичні дані динаміки суб’єктів господарювання, що працюють в сфері бухгалтерського обліку й аудиту; консультування з питань оподаткування. Обгрунтовані напрями розвитку бухгалтерського консалтингу як «м’якої технології» підтримки розвитку вітчизняного малого та середнього бізнесу.

Digital transformation processes are having a significant impact on the business sector of Azerbaijan, creating new opportunities for the development of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), in particular. Automation is often associated with innovation, efficiency, and competitiveness, which are essential elements for the growth of SMEs in a developing economy. The study aimed to examine the technological, market, and cultural factors influencing the tendencies of SMEs to switch to automated management. The analysis of the tendencies of SMEs to switch to automated management in Azerbaijan is relevant due to its potential to contribute to economic development, reveal cross-cultural dynamics, and increase business adaptability. The article also examines the main problems of small and medium-sized businesses in the implementation of automation systems, such as cybersecurity, technical integration, and bureaucratic obstacles. In addition, the article explores how automation helps employees focus on more valuable activities, simplifying their work processes. The importance of increasing investments in training programs, strengthening collaboration with automation vendors, and developing risk management strategies to enhance the potential of SMEs in the field of digitalization was highlighted. The main purpose of the study is to study and gain a deep understanding of the factors influencing the transition of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) to automated management systems in Azerbaijan. This study, which analyzes the nuances of technology adoption, cultural influences, political factors, and market competitiveness, aims to provide valuable suggestions and recommendations to policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders investing in the development and sustainability of small and medium-sized businesses.

The special economic circumstances of 2019–2020 have formed new conditions for doing business, increased the role of the state in ensuring stable financial conditions for functioning of small and medium-sized businesses and helping them with adapting to the new situation. The article aims to assess the urgent measures of financial support for small and medium-sized businesses implemented by the Government of the Russian Federation from March 31, 2020 up to the present. The methodological basis of the research includes neoclassical finance and the capital structure theory. Methods of dialectical, cause-and-effect, structural, logical and statistical analysis are used. The findings reveal that the Government provided financial support for small and medium-sized business in the amount of 14 billion rubles in 2020 exclusively in the form of borrowed financial resources, while in a state of almost suspended operation the business needs first and foremost non-repayable financial resources. The analysis confirms that the ongoing measures of financial support for small and medium-sized businesses are highly sought after. Theoretical and practical significance of the research results is that the federal, regional, and local authorities can use them while offering financial support to businesses; in addition, business owners and managers can benefit from them while considering the funding of the activities.

During this time of covid 19, many of the world's economies fell drastically, so one method that can improve the economy of the city of Medan is to make improvements to micro, small and medium enterprises. So, in this paper, a study aims to identify and analyze the development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in supporting economic growth in the city of Medan. One of the business fields that can develop and be consistent in the national economy is Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are a good forum for job creation planned by the government, private sector, and individual business actors.

The article deals with the problem of studying such an urgent and important issue as the state policy of supporting small and medium-sized businesses at the beginning of the XXI century and the results of its implementation in the territory of the Chuvash Republic. The author characterizes the content of main scientific works on this issue published over the past twenty years. On this historiographical basis, the aspects of the topic the content of which was contributed by one or another researcher are marked out. There is a significant differentiation in the exploration maturity of various aspects of the topic: the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the economy of the country as a whole and Chuvashia in particular is best reflected in historiography; many works list the main difficulties faced by entrepreneurs in their practical activities; as a rule, researchers list various forms of state support for small and medium-sized businesses, although most often only some of them are covered; the regulatory framework for state support of entrepreneurship in the Chuvash Republic is sufficiently fully characterized, the content of approved strategies and development programs is analyzed; many authors put forward proposals for improving the state policy of supporting small and medium-sized businesses. At the same time, other aspects remained poorly covered in historiography, for example, regional features in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the territory of Chuvashia at the beginning of the XXI century. The author comes to the conclusion about current need for holistic studying the history of small and medium-sized businesses in Chuvashia and the role of state support in this process.

The article is devoted to the study of integration processes, as they are carried out between enterprises of various expansions. A highly efficient economy is optimal for the operation of large, medium and small enterprises. This clause describes the main types of state support of small business to ensure their sustainable development and subsequent operation. Also disclosed in detail the main principles of policy in the sphere of small and medium business in Ukraine. The development of a small business is an indicator of the development of market assets, the assessment of private authority, independence and the capacity of the subjects of government. Small business is a special sector of the economy playing an important social and economic role. The advantages and shortcomings of outsourcing, subcontracting and problems of their promotion in Ukrainian enterprises are examined. It has been established that at the current stage of economic development, small businesses will require direct and indirect approaches. The formation of mutually integrating links between small and great business can not be brought to the advancement of the efficiency of their activities. Analysis of the development of the outsourcing and subcontracting system revealed a low level of their development. The main reason for their low distribution is the lack of necessary information about partnership, the underdevelopment of the market infrastructure, which contributes to the formation and development of integration ties between enterprises of different sizes. For the effective development of small entrepreneurship in the region, where there is a considerable number of both large and small enterprises, it is necessary to create an enterprise – a partnership center. For the formation and development of integration links in enterprises of various sizes, there is a need in the creation of infrastructure facilities. Subjects of small business are in need of informational and illuminating servants. The creation of an infrastructure for the development of a system of outsourcing and subcontracting in Ukraine is a progressive direct development of a small business. The development of subcontracting businesses in Ukraine is the basis for the development of industrial production, with a small number of enterprises to realize their potential in the service department of technological lines of great industrial enterprises.

The study focuses on the development of small to medium enterprises (SMEs) in Russia. The role of SMEs for the socio-economic development of the country as a whole and its regions is determined. The current state and the main problems of SME development are considered. A comparative analysis of SMEs in Russia and abroad showed a serious lag of Russia in the development of SMEs. The study showed that despite some positive steps takento address the problem, the development of small and medium businesses is still too slow. A huge tax burden, corruption, administrative barriers, lack of credit and some other factors hinder the development of this most important sector of the economy. The study proposes the main strategies to solve the problems of SME development in Russia and its regions. As evidenced by the experience of other countries, the most important trend for SME development is its participation in mechanisms that imply the use of public private partnerships. It also highlighted that the tool of public private partnership can solve problems through various mechanisms of involvement of SMEs in projects on mutually beneficial terms. Implementation of these goals will help develop SMEs to create a highly efficient and competitive economy in Russia and its regions.

Background: The effectiveness of mentoring programs for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) needs to be evaluated in order to develop effective mentoring programs. Each MSME requires a different mentoring program, so it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing mentoring program in order to design the next mentoring program. Purpose: This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the community empowerment program through mentoring MSMEs in improving the welfare of meatball traders in Jakarta implemented by Dompet Dhuafa. Design/methodology/approach: Data collection Analysis includes secondary data, field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Analysis was carried out using triangulation techniques which included data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. Findings/Result: The research findings can be stated as follows: 1) Collective Mentoring Program: The research results show that programs that focus on mentoring groups have a significant positive impact on cohesiveness and unity in the meatball trader community. This collaborative support plays an important role in advancing the development of micro and small businesses. Apart from that, the mentoring program is also effective in increasing traders' motivation and knowledge in entrepreneurship. 2) Financial Assistance Programs: This study underscores the importance of financial assistance programs in providing the necessary capital for microenterprises. However, this suggests that this form of aid is more suited to meeting short-term financial needs than as a long-term solution. Conclusion: There are three types of mentoring programs carried out, namely Group Mentoring, Increasing Partner Capacity Through Training, and Financial Assistance. Of the three types of mentoring programs, mentoring groups, especially in forming cohesive and family groups (recruitment results), are considered the most effective in helping meatball traders survive during the pandemic. Especially in forming groups or communities that regularly hold meetings and collectively help solve problems, maintain the cleanliness of sales equipment (carts, plates, spoons, etc.), and try to develop or find out how to make the taste of these meatballs more popular. with customers. But what they appreciated most was a community meeting that had never been held before.Originality/value (State of the art): There has been no evaluation of this program so it is very important to evaluate the implementation and impact of the mentoring program on business continuity, in order to improve the mentoring program in the future. Keywords: MSMEs, mentoring program, evaluation, effectiveness, meatball traders