ОЦЕНКА СИЛЬНЫХ И СЛАБЫХ СТОРОН ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ АПК ВОСТОЧНОЙ СИБИРИ

THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE is to determine promising directions for the development of the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war recovery.RESEARCH METHODS. In the process of writing the article, general scientific and special research methods of the agro-industrial sector were used, including: induction and deduction; structural and logical analysis; extrapolations; tabular and graphic.PRESENTATION OF THE MAIN RESEARCH MATERIAL. The article determines that the agro-industrial sector is one of the key sectors of the country's economy, which made a significant contribution to the country's GDP before the war. Since the beginning of the war, the agro-industrial sector has suffered significant losses and needs to be restored and further developed. Prospective ways of development of the agro-industrial sector have been determined, which can be carried out in three key areas: activation of own reserves of agricultural enterprises; receiving donor international aid; development of the state agrarian policy of post-war recovery. It has been proven that the restoration of broken agro- food chains and the inclusion of domestic agricultural enterprises in global agro-food chains is a promising direction for the development of the country's agro-industrial sector. It was found that the agro-food chain is a set of interdependent enterprises that have united on a voluntary basis and closely cooperate in the process of agricultural production. It has been proven that the restoration of the agro-food chain will take place in the event that it includes enterprises for cultivation (fattening), processing, transportation, storage and sale of agricultural products.CONCLUSIONS FROM THE CONDUCTED RESEARCH. The restoration of broken agro-food chains and the inclusion of domestic agricultural enterprises in global agro-food chains will contribute to their accelerated recovery, reducing the level of costs for production, transportation, storage, processing and sale of agricultural products; accelerating the recovery of agricultural enterprises due to the joint interaction of participants in agro-food chains; increasing the level of quality of agricultural products.KEYWORDS: agro-industrial sector; agriculture; agro-food chains; global agro-food chains; post-war recovery.

PROSPECTS AND EFFICIENCY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE FROM OILSEED CROPS

Abstract. This article examines the main areas of financing of the agro-industrial complex by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also raises the question of the degree of influence of financial development institutions in this industry. Currently, the transience of changes in politics, economics and climate around the world is extremely leading to instability in the global agricultural and food markets. As a result, government support in the small agribusiness sector in the country is an integral and important part of economic development. The country's food security is the development of agriculture. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state and features of financing the agricultural sector in Kazakhstan through financial development institutions, identify the impact on the availability of financial resources, and develop recommendations for improving financing mechanisms, taking into account current economic realities and government support programs. The article provides an analysis of the activities of financial development institutions in providing support in the agro-industrial sector by financing investment projects. The development of the agricultural sector, increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of agricultural enterprises are important economic indicators in the development of this sector of the economy. The relevance of the article lies in seeing the picture of the development of the country's agricultural sector through the prism of the activities of financial development institutions.

The need for a well defined science policy is often asserted in countries undergoing economic and social development as a matter of great urgency, but in most of them this need has not yet in fact been fully recognised and appreciated. Even where efforts are made to create a science policy, however, it is much simpler to identify the problem than to find a satisfactory solution for it. But however difficult, there is no doubt that any country, regardless of the size of its population and of its present economic and social situation, must give a high priority to research and education in science if the aim of increasing the economic and social welfare of its people is to be achieved. Particular features of scientific policy, being strongly affected by particular situations, are bound to differ markedly from one country to the other; they will call for particular decisions relating to the quantity and quality of available economic, social and cultural resources. But although every country might have a policy which is particular to its situation and problems, it is important that there should be an international exchange of experience in the organisation and planning of research. The widened perspective which this exchange will make possible will yield a better insight into essential problems of science policy and the diverse ways in which they are dealt with in countries with different economic and social structures. Science policy is one of the novelties of the modern world and it is no wonder that most of the intricate interrelationships between science and economic growth or general social development still lie far beyond the frontier of our knowledge. Even in the most advanced countries much additional knowledge is needed to deal with the exact assessment of the effects of scientific research on economic and social progress, as well as with respect to every other aspect of scientific policy. Small and less developed countries, which suffer the disadvantages of scarcity of resources in scientific personnel and of a more intense competition of many urgent alternative uses for their rather limited financial resources, should in their own interest promote research into science policy and encourage a wider international exchange of information on this matter. In order to further the understanding of the problems of science policy in a small and less developed country, the author would like, in what follows, to portray the problems encountered in the effort to develop a policy for science in Yugoslavia.

The Russian agro-industrial complex makes a significant contribution to the development of the country's economy. However, Russian agricultural producers are characterized by low competitiveness on the world market, as evidenced by a small volume of imports and a significant volume of exports. In the conditions of an unstable political and economic situation in the Russian Federation, increasing the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex is a priority task of the Government of the country. Purpose of the study: to develop a new concept for developing a strategy for increasing the competitiveness of Russian agricultural producers in order to strengthen economic stability and efficiency of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation using the example of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. Object of study: agro-industrial complex of Tatarstan. Research results: the article reveals the development strategy of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tajikistan, ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural producers, as well as the mechanisms for its practical implementation, the necessary measures of state support for agricultural producers under sanctions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the development of a scientific concept for stimulating the development of agricultural sectors in order to ensure food self-sufficiency and import substitution, which includes the justification of its organizational and economic mechanism and the formation of an implementation strategy.

China’s economic development has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality growth. The measurement and analysis of the high-quality economic development of prefecture-level cities in the province is conducive to the coordinated economic development of cities in the province and the improvement of the overall quality of economic development. This paper takes 11 prefecture-level cities of Shanxi Province, a resource-based province from 2010 to 2018, as the research object, and constructs an evaluation system of economic high-quality development indicators from the aspects of economic growth, economic structure, and economic benefits. At the same time, the high-quality economic development level and influencing factors of prefecture-level cities are selected for specific measurement and in-depth analysis. The research results show that: First of all, during the sample period, the high-quality economic development level of Shanxi Province showed a slow upward trend. Secondly, the high-quality economic development of provincial and municipal-level cities is uneven. Finally, the core driving force is economic benefits for high-quality economic development. All of the above are significant factors that cause differences in the quality of economic development of provincial and municipal cities. According to the analysis result, the paper last gives some policy suggestions.

The research is devoted to the problems of organization of marketing activities of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The peculiarities of marketing in the agroindustrial complex are closely linked to the specifics of agricultural production, which is characterized by a variety of product range and market participants, as well as the variety of organizational forms of management. The article reveals the goals, tasks and functions of marketing at the agroindustrial complexes, describes the peculiarities of agricultural marketing, the duties of the marketer and the problems hindering the development of marketing of agroindustrial enterprises in the modern conditions.In today’s conditions of agrarian economy development, when, against the backdrop of a sharp shortage of financial resources of the agroindustrial complex for the expansion of the market and competitiveness, they must develop and implement their own marketing programs, the problem of substantiating investment in marketing is particularly relevant. The justification of the criteria for marketing quality is also demanded by investors of the agroindustrial complex, the activity of which is hindered due to insufficient information and the acceptability of certain marketing tools in specific situations in the agrarian market. The increase in the level of satisfaction of demand for goods and services of the agroindustrial complex against the background of the optimal use of financial, material and labor resources is the main criterion for improving the efficiency of marketing, and how effectively domestic producers will take advantage of the opportunity to develop and sell their products for import substitution, only time will be shown. Thus, marketing should ensure the impact on objective and subjective factors of efficiency increase through the rapid restructuring of agricultural production, its marketing and service in line with changing requirements of consumers, as well as the creation of a producer and its products with a good reputation in the market. The system of agrarian marketing has its differences compared with other types of marketing, which are related to the specifics of agrarian production and, of course, affect the specifics of marketing research in the agrarian market. Thus, the main areas of marketing research in the field of agroindustrial complex are the study of the agrarian market, its capacity, market conditions or research on agricultural products sales, the study of the practice of competitors, the study of consumers’ reaction to the introduction of a new product. Therefore, it is very important to organize the selection, development and implementation of marketing research projects in the agroindustrial complex, as such research is an indispensable tool for substantiation and adoption of timely, effective management decisions in conditions of uncertainty of the market environment. Thus, the results of marketing research can be used by the management bodies of the agroindustrial complex, various management structures as the basis for the development of plans, strategies, complex target development programs, legislative and regulatory acts at the regional level regarding the formation and taking into account factors of the marketing environment, as well as investors to characterize the conditions for raising capital.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of the emerging markets of Central Asia, and to bridge quantitative development indicators with a qualitative measurement of market and broader socioeconomic conditions. While findings may warrant deeper examination of inter‐ and intra‐country developments, and, inter alia, comparison to other emerging markets, the paper aims to highlight the importance of aligning macro‐level reforms with due development of industry‐level aims to the conditions.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on secondary research and data from international financial institutions (IFIs), as well as the author's experience in working with private sector development issues in emerging and developing economies. The Central Asian context derives from a comparison of definitions set out by relevant IFIs. Quantitative economic and outlook data set the stage for further examination of market conditions. The paper also touches upon the total factor productivity economic development indicator that was used as the basis for a World Bank report on economic and productivity growth in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.FindingsWhile this paper examines reforms and development on a regional level, increasingly favorable market conditions in Central Asia may well be an indirect response to a globalizing world economy. The understanding and systematic measurement of both sectoral and macro‐level drivers will lead to a more holistic understanding of economic development in emerging markets.Originality/valueThis paper provides an understanding of existing market conditions in Central Asia, and builds on the importance of market performance measurement in assessing broader economic development.

The local and world practice shows that clustering as a form of association of business entities for development of industrial and business activities is an important direction for development of agri-food sector, as well as the arrangement of territories based on efficient use of land, labor, material, technical and financial resources. The article dwells of studies of theoretical and methodological basis of megacluster development of agro-industrial complex. It has been determined that currently four possible concepts (paradigms) can be applied regarding agro-industrial complex (AIC): AIC as a self-sufficient system, AIC as a megacorporation, AIC as a specific market, AIC as a separate society. Study has been carried out and an integrated layout has been designed for arrangement and functioning of an integrated management system for agro-industrial complex sustainable development. Groups of factors determining stability of short-term and long-term development of agro-industrial complex as a megacluster are identified. A number of principles for sustainable functioning of agro-industrial complex as a megacluster were formed: Infrastructure balance, management system improvement, rational territorial and intrasectoral distribution of production, balanced agro-industrial production in terms of resources, etc. These principles and their interpretation have been formulated for agro-industrial complex as a megacluster for the first time. Their novelty consists both in aggregate selection, reflecting stable functioning of agro-industrial complex as a megacluster under new conditions, and in reflecting the most significant aspects of megacluster's activity being the main links in its sustainable functioning chain.

The relevance of the scientific article lies in the study of the components of the success algorithm for the sectoral development of the agro-industrial complex. Statement of the problem: the existence of a transcendental “placebo effect” in the development of AIC. Object of study: the functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation from industry degradation (1991) to a dynamically developing sphere (2023). Subject of research: changes in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Russian Federation, both socio-economic, political, and transcendental (“placebo effect”). Purpose: to present an algorithm for influencing changes in the agro-industrial complex of post-Soviet Russia with modeling of state agro-industrial policy. The author substantiates the objective and subjective (transcendental) factors in the development of the country's agro-industrial complex, which ensured the withdrawal of the agro-industrial complex from sectoral degradation to the industrial path. Thanks to this algorithm of influence and the “placebo effect,” authorities and management, together with agricultural business, were able to solve the country’s food problems in the 2000s. As a result of the implementation of this policy, the level of food security of the state and the export of food products to foreign markets were increased. In the presence of constantly tightening external conditions for the domestic food market, starting in 2014, this effect, in combination with other factors, ensured: 1) sustainable growth in production in the agricultural sector, 2) the success of the sectoral import substitution policy, which turned out to be more effective than, for example, in industrial complex.

The article delves into the crucial role of the state in substantiating the conceptual foundations of the economic security of agricultural sector enterprises at the state level. It underscores that in a developed market system, the state’s role is pivotal in ensuring the institutional and legal structure of the economy and in bridging ‘market gaps’, which directly influence economic and food security. The article further emphasizes that creating favorable conditions for attracting investments in agriculture is a pressing task to ensure its economic security. It provides a comprehensive set of measures preceding this process, including establishing a mechanism of interaction with investors, continuous improvement of legislation, and application of innovations in agriculture and product processing. The article also highlights the importance of implementing constant monitoring of investment activity as a necessary stage for in-depth analysis and improvement of state influence strategies on the agro-industrial sector’s economic security. It substantiates the need to define and implement complex strategies to ensure the state’s practical influence on the agro-industrial complex’s economic security through creating favorable conditions and investment support. The article concludes by analyzing the internal causes of the economic threat to agricultural enterprises, classifying threats to the economy of the agrarian sector, and studying their manifestation in Ukraine. It underscores that ensuring financial efficiency, technological independence, and effective management of agricultural enterprises should be defined among the main functional goals of state policy in this context. The article summarizes that the primary goal of state policy in this context is to ensure the stability and effective functioning of agricultural sector enterprises, and its main tasks include the support of financial, technological, and managerial stability, as well as the development of the qualification potential of personnel. It further emphasizes that the overall effectiveness of state policy is determined by a comprehensive summary of such aspects as financial efficiency, investment policy, legislative and regulatory, innovative activity, ensuring environmental safety, social aspects, risks, and crisis management; efficiency of land and resource use; personnel qualification, which considers the relationship and mutual influence of various spheres of activity of the agricultural enterprise. Keywords: security, economic security, state regulation, agrarian sector of the economy, agrarian enterprises.

The article identifies the main features of the metamodern -
 the era of fluctuations between structured and systemic modernity and vague and indefinite postmodernity. The technological trends of the era are revealed - digitalization of all spheres of civilization's life, their impact on the socio-economic ecosystem is determined. The author notes the penetration of digital technologies into all spheres of the economy, and, in particular, into the agro-industrial sector. The factors hindering the introduction of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex are identified. The most important digital technologies that can increase the productivity of agricultural production have been identified. The scientific work used the logical and historical research methods, the comparative method, the analogy method, the systematic approach. The conclusion is made about the influence of digital trends of metamodern on the agricultural sector of the country's national economy as a factor in increasing the productivity of agricultural enterprises and their competitiveness in the domestic and world markets.

Based on the analysis of statistical information, it is reasonably proved that Ukraine has been and remains the main breadbasket of the world. In the 2000s, Ukraine provided food for more than 40 million people, in 2021 - 400 million people. In 2023, Ukraine remained in the top 3 leaders as an exporter of agricultural products to the EU. Thus, even today, in the difficult conditions of the development of the war economy, Ukraine remains one of the largest guarantors of global food security. It is proved that international economic relations and international trade have a significant impact on the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex, the logistics sector and the economy as a whole. The article presents the volume of exports of grain crops and their processed products from Ukraine. It contains the geography of importing countries of Ukrainian agricultural products in 2021...2023, which has changed significantly due to the war. Before Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, 95% of grain and other crops were exported by sea. From 24.02.2022 to the present day, Ukraine's agro-industrial complex has been adapting to the real conditions of doing business in wartime. During the war, the entire food supply logistics underwent important transformational processes at the domestic level. It is proved that the transformation of Ukraine's logistics industry is impossible without international support and state regulation, which involves a set of measures. It is established that to ensure food security in Ukraine, various government programs have been introduced with the possibility of financial support for small and medium-sized businesses, including the agro-industrial complex. Approaches to logistics support for global food security have changed at the global and international levels, as evidenced by key international events and support for Ukraine. The qualitative restoration of logistics services, rebuilding and modernization of its infrastructure is a vital condition for the post-war recovery of the logistics sector and the functioning of Ukraine's economy as a whole. The article presents the factors influencing the transformation of the Ukrainian logistics industry in the context of the development of Ukraine's military economy. The significance of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the development of the agro-food complex and the domestic market of logistics services is determined. Reasonable conclusions are drawn and practical recommendations for state regulation are formulated in order to support domestic carriers, logistics companies and farmers in the context of Ukraine's wartime economy. Keywords: food security, agricultural products, transformation, logistics, infrastructure, agriculture, economy, war, Ukraine.

In the future, the pursuit of high-quality economic development and a focus on ecological environmental protection in China will inevitably result in significant conflicts between land use and ecological land use. Land use conflicts primarily occur in peri-urban areas characterized by prominent economic development and urban agglomeration. As a municipality situated in the Qin-Ba mountainous region, Ankang has been promoting ecological preservation for a span of two decades. The allocation of construction areas primarily focuses on the proximity of watersheds, while the northern and southern regions are predominantly characterized by mountainous and hilly terrain, thus exhibiting distinct regional attributes. Previous studies have mainly focused on analyzing the effects of land use on habitat quality during intense urbanization, with fewer studies focusing on integrating eco-regions with urbanization to assess changes in habitat quality. However, it is important to recognize that land pressure encompasses economic, ecological, and social aspects. Additionally, it aims to provide insights for the harmonious development of land use in eco-region-oriented cities. Using the SSPs-RCPs scenarios provided by the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), this paper employs a system analysis method, the emerging Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation model (PLUS) model, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model, and Land Use Conflict Measurement model to dynamically simulate the future habitat quality and spatial conflict patterns of land use in Ankang City. The study explores the spatial coupling effect of both factors under different scenarios. The results indicate the following: (1) The overall development trend reveals an intensification of land use conflicts and a decrease in habitat quality. The expansion rate of construction land is increasing and exhibiting aggregation, while agricultural land area is expanding, and forest land area is continuously decreasing. (2) Land use intensity exhibits a significant positive correlation with land conflict levels, while land conflict levels demonstrate a significant negative correlation with habitat quality. (3) Under different future shared socioeconomic path scenarios, land use intensity, and land conflict levels follow the order of SSP585 (high forcing scenario), SSP370 (medium to high forcing scenario), SSP245 (medium forcing scenario), and SSP126 (low forcing scenario), with intensity and conflict decreasing accordingly. These findings suggest that land use has had some impact on the ecological environment, with indications of habitat degradation. Even in Ankang, where ecological development is highly valued, the city will gradually face conflicts between ecological protection and economic development in future scenarios. The city already has the environment at heart, so it will be worse in cities where the priority is economic development. Therefore, it is crucial to allocate sufficient space for economic development while simultaneously prioritizing ecological protection. The results of the study can provide a reference for analyzing the trade-offs between land development and habitat protection in eco-mountainous cities and for eco-cities to avoid falling into the conflict dilemma of economic cities.

The activities of non-profit associations of agricultural producers, organizations of the processing industry, as well as other legal entities operating in the agro-industrial complex, are of increasing importance in the development of the agricultural sector, both in Russia and in foreign countries. The interest of state bodies in the development and strengthening of the role of such forms of non-commercial cooperation is due to the fact that they help to find out the problems and opinions of agricultural producers directly on key issues of the development of the agricultural economy. In this connection, industry unions and associations are increasingly involved in the discussion of legislative initiatives of the ministries and departments of the Russian Federation. The participation of agricultural organizations in nonprofit industrial unions helps them build relationships with partners, enter the market, uphold their interests in relations with state and other structures, influence and participate in the ongoing agricultural policy. A significant impact on the organization of accounting for participation in non-profit partnerships is the knowledge of the legal framework of non-profit partnerships, as well as the rights and obligations of its participants (founders). In this regard, the legal basis for participation in a nonprofit partnership has been studied both from the position of the founding member of a nonprofit organization and from the position of its members. Proposals have been developed for reflecting in the accounting records of the contributions of the founder of a nonprofit organization when creating the property basis of a non-profit partnership, the features of accounting for entrance and membership fees of participants in a non-profit partnership are studied. It is proposed to use the sub-account “Settlements on contributions to NPOs” to account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”; The legal assessment of the reflection in the account of the return of funds to participating organizations due to the termination of membership in a non-profit partnership is given.